List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 321.312 explained

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.312 under that system. These instruments may be known as spike box lutes or spike guitars.

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.

• 4: Hammers or beaters
• 5: Bare hands and fingers
• 6: Plectrum
• 7: Bowing
  • 71: Using a bow
  • 72: Using a wheel
  • 73: Using a ribbon
• 8: Keyboard
• 9: Using a mechanical drive

References

• Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann. Erich M.. von Hornbostel. Curt Sachs . The Galpin Society Journal. 14. March 1961. 3–29. 10.2307/842168. 842168. Galpin Society.