A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, September 21, 1922,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0678. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2 hours after perigee (on September 21, 1922, at 6:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2] Perigee did occur as the eclipse was past its greatest eclipse.
Totality started in Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland (today's Somalia), and passed British Maldives and Christmas Island in the Straits Settlements (now in Australia) in the Indian Ocean, and Australia. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of East Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Oceania.
Observations of the total solar eclipse of May 29, 1919 got results consistent with gravitational lens proposed by Einstein's general relativity. To reconfirm the result, observatories in South Australia and New South Wales each organized a large scientific expedition. A total of 20 teams went to sparsely populated Wallal on the northern coast of Western Australia. Among them, the American team from the Lick Observatory arrived in Sydney on August 5, took a train westward and arrived in Perth on August 16. The team took a ship on August 20 from Fremantle, a port southwest of Perth, to Broome, and then finally arrived at Wallal. Although not organizing any observations, the Australian government provided financial support to the teams. For example, the round-trip travel expenses between Sydney and Wallal were paid by the federal government.[3] [4]
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[5]
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 02:04:28.6 UTC | |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 02:58:45.3 UTC | |
| First Central Line | 1922 September 21 at 03:00:06.4 UTC | |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 03:01:27.5 UTC | |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 03:57:50.9 UTC | |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1922 September 21 at 04:38:20.9 UTC | |
| Greatest Duration | 1922 September 21 at 04:40:07.8 UTC | |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1922 September 21 at 04:40:31.1 UTC | |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1922 September 21 at 04:47:31.9 UTC | |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 05:23:00.2 UTC | |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 06:19:29.4 UTC | |
| Last Central Line | 1922 September 21 at 06:20:50.6 UTC | |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 06:22:11.7 UTC | |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 07:16:30.2 UTC |
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.06783 | |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.14026 | |
| Gamma | −0.21299 | |
| Sun Right Ascension | 11h50m29.6s | |
| Sun Declination | +01°01'49.3" | |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'56.0" | |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" | |
| Moon Right Ascension | 11h50m13.7s | |
| Moon Declination | +00°49'23.8" | |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'43.8" | |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'24.1" | |
| ΔT | 22.8 s |
See also: Eclipse cycle. This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.