Scaphander Explained

Scaphander is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Scaphandridae, the canoe bubbles.

Description

(Described as Meloscaphander) The shell is ovate, convex in its upper part, and tapers below, with a low, slightly exserted spire. The aperture is large but shorter than the shell, and the columella is moderately curved and thick. The surface is sculpted with rows of spiral pits. [1]

(Described as Scaphander (Sabatina)) In most, if not all, species of this proposed subgenus, the callosity on the body does not form a distinct "fold." Instead, it appears as an amorphous mass, which sometimes may be granular, smooth, or occasionally tubercular in texture. While the typical fossil species seems to have an interiorly produced callus, the recent species differ notably from Bellardi’s fossil. They not only lack the same callus characteristics but also exhibit a globose shell shape rather than the pyriform shape seen in the fossil. For these globose recent species, I propose the name Sabatina, with Scaphander sabatina planeticus Dall, 1908 as the type. These species possess an animal capable of fully retracting into the shell, with gastroliths identical to those found in Scaphander lignarius. [2]

Species

Species within the genus Scaphander include:

Species brought into synonymy:

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Schepman . M.M. . The Prosobranchia, Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia Tectibranchiata of the Siboga Expedition. Part VI. Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia Tectibranchiata, Tribe Bullomorpha . 1913 . Siboga-Expeditie. 49f . 464.
  2. Dall . W.H. . Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross," during 1891, Lieut.-Commander Z.L. Tanner, U.S.N., commanding. XXXVII. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross", from October, 1904 to March, 1905, Lieut.-Commander L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., commanding. XIV. The Mollusca and Brachiopoda. . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology . 1908 . 43 . 6 . 240 . 29 October 2024.
  3. D. Frassinetti. 2001. Molluscos bivalvos y gastrópodos del Mioceno marino de Isla Stokes, sur de Chile. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 50:73-90
  4. C. S. Hickman. 1980. Paleogene Marine Gastropods of the Keasey Formation in Oregon. Bulletins of American Paleontology 78(310):1-112
  5. S. N. Nielson and C. Valdovinos. 2008. Early Pleistocene mollusks of the Tubul Formation, south-central Chile. The Nautilus 122(4):201-216
  6. K. Martin. 1879. Die Tertiärschichten auf Java. Nach den Entdeckungen von Fr. Junghuhn. Geologische-Reichsmuseum 1-164
  7. T. A. Conrad. 1855. Report Of Mr. T. A. Conrad On The Fossil Shells Collected In California By Wm. P. Blake, Geologist Of The Expedition Under The Command Of Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, United States Topographical Engineers. Description of the fossils and shells collected in California by William P. Blake, Geologist of the United States Pacific Railroad Survey in California. under the command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson, In 1853-54. Article 1 of Appendix to the Preliminary Geological Report of WIlliam P. Blake, Geologist of the Survey in California Under the Command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson. Palæontology 5-21
  8. P. Bouchet, Opisthobranches de profondeur de l'Océan Atlantique: I - Cephalaspidea
  9. W. P. Woodring. 1928. Miocene Molluscs from Bowden, Jamaica. Part 2: Gastropods and discussion of results. Contributions to the Geology and Palaeontology of the West Indies
  10. M. Harzhauser, M. Euter, W. E. Piller, B. Berning, A. Kroh and O. Mandic. 2009. Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 83:333-372
  11. P. Jeffery and S. Tracey. 1997. The Early Eocene London Clay Formation mollusc fauna of the former Bursledon Brickworks, Lower Swanwick, Hampshire. Tertiary Research 17(3-4):75-137
  12. H. L. Abbass. 1967. A monograph on the Egyptian Paleocene and Eocene gastropods. United Arab Republic, Geological Survey-Geological Museum, Palaeontological Series, Monograph (4)1-154
  13. N. F. Sohl. 1964. Neogastropoda, Opisthobranchia, and Basommatophora from the Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff Formations. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 331(B):153-344
  14. J. W. Durham. 1944. Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27:101 -212
  15. B. L. Clark. 1932. Fauna of the Poul and Yakataga Formations (Upper Oligocene) of Southern Alaska. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 43:797-846

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