Street running train explained

A street running train is a train which runs on a track built on public streets. The rails are embedded in the roadway, and the train shares the street with other users, such as pedestrians, cars and cyclists, thus often being referred to as running in mixed traffic.^[1] Tram and light rail systems frequently run on streets, with light rail lines typically separated from other traffic.^[2]

For safety, street running trains travel more slowly than trains on dedicated rights-of-way. Needing to share the right-of-way with motor vehicles can cause delays and pose a safety risk.^[3]

Stations on such routes are rare and may appear similar in style to a tram stop, but often lack platforms, pedestrian islands, or other amenities. In some cases, passengers may be required to wait on a distant sidewalk, and then board or disembark by crossing the traffic. The last street-station in the United States was in Michigan City, closing in 2022.^[4]

Examples

The following list is non-inclusive of tram and light rail systems and is otherwise non-exhaustive.

Argentina

• Buenos Aires: in the past street-running trains ran through the city streets.^[5]
  • Trains run by Villa 21-24^[6]

Australia

• Mossman, a narrow-gauge sugar-cane railway runs down Mill Street
• Nambour, the Moreton Central Sugar Mill Cane Tramway ran down Mill Street, was also street running on a bridge at Bli Bli, closed 2003^[7] The rails in the street remained in place and a tourist tram is planned on it.^{[8] [9]}
• Port Pirie, the Adelaide-Port Augusta railway line ran down the centre of Ellen Street until 1967^[10]
• Rockhampton, the North Coast main line runs down Denison Street, double track line singled in 1996^[11]
• Yass, Yass Tramway from Yass Junction to Yass Town ran down Dutton Street, closed 1988^[12] The route is no longer connected, but the tracks in Dutton street and by the station are still present and are on the heritage list.
• Maryborough, Queensland Kent Street ^[13] 610mm gauge

Canada

Notable examples in Canada include:^[14]

• Port Hope, Ontario: from Walton Street, along Ontario street to the Ganaraska River, where it split off and followed the river north out of the city limits, eventually reaching Midland, Ontario with a branch line to Peterborough, Ontario. Lots of railway facilities still exist, the old station, now Furby's books and lent travel are opposite the corner of Walton street and Ontario, with the old station masters office just south of that along lent lane, which is the old track bed, and the Ganaraska Hotel, which is the old Railway Hostel.^[15]
• Oshawa, Ontario: from Michael Starr trail (near court street) along Bruce street, east to Ritson road, then north on Ritson road to the GM North Plant. (removed)
• Brantford, Ontario: Clarence Street (From Nelson Street to Icomm Drive, formerly Canadian National Railway; now Southern Ontario Railway, still in use) (not on the road although tracks do occupy the right turn lane at Colborne Street)
• Guelph, Ontario (also not real street running):
  • Kent Street (from Glasgow Street to Gordon Street), CNR, still in use^[16]
• St. Catharines, Ontario:
  • Ontario Street (removed) (to the disappeared car factory) (continues to Louisa St.) (diagonal between the houses) (former track partly still visible from the air)
  • Louisa Street (From just east of Thomas Street to Catherine Street, Canadian National Railway, originally Niagara St. Catharines Toronto Railway. Electric interurban (branch from Port Dalhousie-west) (until 1959) removed, continues to Welland Avenue below)
  • Welland Avenue (From Francis Street to Balfour Street, removed) (continues to Niagara St.)
  • Raymond Street (depot only)
  • Niagara Street (continues to Facer St.)
  • Facer Street (branch to Niagara~on~the~Lake)
  • Electric interurban network to Port Dalhousie-west, Port Dalhousie-east, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Port Colborne, and Niagara Falls. All tracks on the streets are removed in all places, except(?) Pine Street in Thorold. Freight trains with diesel engines on the streets only from 1959 to the closing in about 2005.
  • St. Catharines was the center of the Niagara St. Catharines Toronto Railway.
• Waterloo, Ontario:
  • Caroline Street (from Erb Street West to Allen Street West, (CP Rail) tracks removed in 1994. Later reinstalled for ION light rail, in service again as of 2019)(the lightrail follows a different route) The former railway is now a trail - path. (To the south)

Croatia

• Rijeka, freight trains (and occasional passenger trains) run from western to eastern cargo terminal of Port of Rijeka through the city centre.^[17]

Czechia

• Brno: the railway line that connects Brno Exhibition Centre and mainline runs about . along Poříčí street. Touristic (steam) trains run on the Highway, with police escorts. Line was abadoned in 2022.

Germany

For tramways the legal separation of a street running trackbed and an exclusive trackbed in urban traffic is given in § 16 BOStrab tramway regulations. Germany has some street-running railways:

• A freight branch of the Main-Neckar Railway features some street running sections in Darmstadt. The line is no longer in regular use, but a short dual gauge section (Kirschen Allee)(Evonik) was until 2015 connected to the metre gauge Darmstadt tram network allowed old trams to be loaded onto mainline vehicles for export.^[18]

Hong Kong

The KCR British Section had two street running stretches: a spur line to Whampoa Dockyard through,^{[19] [20] [21] [22] [23]} another across and Canton Road to the Kowloon Godowns.

Indonesia

• Surakarta, Central Java: The Solo Purwosari to Wonogiri line runs along Jalan Slamet Riyadi through the center of Surakarta. The Batara Kresna Railbus service between Solo Purwosari and Wonogiri, operates along the line, with two trips in each direction. A special charter-only tourist steam train called the Sepur Kluthuk Jaladara also runs along this stretch of the line between Solo Purwosari and Solo Kota stations.^{[24] [25]}

Japan

• The Keihan Keishin, Enoden Enoshima, and Ishiyama-Sakamoto lines have street running sections.

Laos

• The rail link across the Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge over the Mekong River between Thailand and Laos is shared-use, although road traffic stops while trains cross the bridge.^[26]

New Zealand

• Kawakawa : The Bay of Islands Vintage Railway, part of the former Opua Branch of the New Zealand Railways, runs down the middle of State Highway 1 in the centre of Kawakawa.^[27]
• Hindon : The Taieri Gorge Railway, part of the former Otago Central Railway runs down the middle of a one lane road bridge in Hindon. These tourist passenger trains have the right of way, with only signs warning motorists of trains.^[28]

Poland

• The Port of Kołobrzeg has railway access through approximately 750 meters of street-running tracks. The route sees semi-regular freight traffic, along with a yearly passenger excursion.

Switzerland

Swiss law does not distinguish between trams and railways, making the distinction between street running by trams and that by railways legally indistinct.

• Zürich : 1000t grain trains make up to 4 journeys a day between Bahnhof Hardbrücke and the Swissmill Tower on Sihlquai, following a 2km (01miles) route along Zahnradstrasse, Hardstrasse and Zöllystrasse, including a tram crossing. The driver controls traffic lights manually.^[29]

United Kingdom

Street running railways have been much rarer in the United Kingdom than elsewhere. This is due to 19th-century laws requiring railways to be enclosed by fences, which had the consequence that railways could not be built along existing roads and had to use their own rights of way. In cases where street running was unavoidable, the roads were often legally treated as level crossings with trains and road vehicles not permitted to use them at the same time. Some examples are:

• Weymouth: The most notable street running track was the Weymouth Harbour Tramway (despite the name, it was never used for trams and was a heavy-rail route); however this ended service to regular traffic since 1987, and to all traffic since 1999, with track removal starting in 2020.
• Porthmadog: The Porthmadog cross town link links the narrow-gauge Welsh Highland and Ffestiniog railways and includes 50 metres of street running over the Britannia Bridge in Porthmadog.^[30] The section that runs along a street is closed to road traffic by alternating red stop lights, as if it were an extended level crossing.
• Trafford Park: A freight-only street-running railway network was through Trafford Park; only one section alongside Barton Dock Road has seen use in recent years. This branch is abandoned and partially removed.
• Preston: The heritage Ribble Steam Railway runs across a swing bridge at the entrance to Preston Marina. The bridge is used by both road and rail traffic, but closed by barriers to road traffic when a train is crossing.

United States

A selection of the many examples:

Alabama

• • • Gadsden Locust Street, between N1 Street and N6 Street.^[31]

Alaska

• . A one-lane tunnel that must be shared by cars and trains.^[32]
• Skagway: Unofficial government allows railroad tracks up Broadway in 1898. They were shifted in 1947.^[33]

California

• Burbank
  • Santa Ana Street^[34]
    • Oakland Embarcadero West, between Martin Luther King Jr. Way and Webster Street; the only double street running train track in the USA; the only Amtrak street running trackage in the USA; freight trains also run here; third track is no longer in use.^[35]

Colorado

• Fort Collins
  • Mason Street. This railway opened in 1877, but 100 years later the city wanted the line around the city. It almost worked. But the train now has a free lane in the street.^[36] One train can be 5 km. long, waiting times for other traffic can be up to 30 minutes, and each train must use the horn more than 40 times within three minutes^[37]

Florida

• Clearwater
  • N East Ave.^[38]
• Tampa
  • E Polk street.^[39]

Illinois

• Rockford
  • Madison Street.^[40]

Kentucky

• La Grange
  • Main Street - CSX mainline^[41]

Louisiana

• Gretna
  • Madison Street.^[42]

Massachusetts

• Boston
  • Union Freight Railroad, running along Atlantic Avenue (demolished after 1970)^[43]
• Holyoke
  • Holyoke and Westfield Railroad, branch running along Water Street in use, other lines demolished or separated.^[44]

Minnesota

• International Falls
  • Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge, connecting to Fort Frances, Ontario Canada. There is no connection to the Canadian rail network through this bridge. No more trains to cross the bridge since the paper mill closed in 2014. The municipality is still hoping to be taken over by another company.^[45]
• Shakopee
  • 2nd Avenue East and West, Union Pacific Railroad main line of the Mankato Subdivision still in use, former Chicago and Northwestern Railway (Omaha Road)^[46]

New Jersey

• Garfield
  • Monroe Street. Abandoned in 2020.^[47]

New York

• Utica
  • Schuyler Street.^[48]

North Carolina

• Gastonia
  • South Broad Street^[49]

Oregon

• Hillsboro
  • Adams Street^[50]
• Salem
  • Front Street NE.^[51]

Pennsylvania

• Erie
  • East 19th. Street. Secretly laid in 1882, abandoned in 2001^[52]
• Uniontown
  • Beeson Blvd from West Penn St. to Library Pl. - Southwest Pennsylvania Railroad, trackage abandoned 2016)^{[53] [54]}
• West Brownsville
  • Main Street.^[55]

Tennessee

• Paris
  • N Fentress St.-S Caldwell-McNeil St.^[56]

Texas

• San Antonio
  • N Comal St. - San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway, then SP, then UP. Removed and bypassed in 2005.^[57]
  • Jones Ave. and Emma Koehler - Texas Transportation Company, electric trolley freight railway, most tracks removed 2002.^{[58] [59]}

Virginia

• Richmond
  • On a street without a name under the Triple Railroad Bridge Crossing.^[60]

Washington

• Renton
  • Houser Way S.^[61]

West Virginia

• Saint Marys
  • 2nd. Street.^[62]

See also

• Green track
• Level crossing
• List of road-rail bridges
• List of road-rail tunnels
• Reserved track, where vehicles have a separate right of way (typically used in a tram transport context)
• Tram

Notes and References

1. Currie . Graham . Reynolds . James . January 2010 . Vehicle and Pedestrian Safety at Light Rail Stops in Mixed Traffic . Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board . en . 2146 . 1 . 26–34 . 10.3141/2146-04 . 0361-1981.
2. Web site: Streetcars vs LRT . 14 July 2024 . Edmonton Radial Railway Society.
3. Web site: Studenkov . Igor . 2021-05-14 . Goodbye street-running South Shore service in Michigan City, hello double-tracking . 2023-01-01 . Streetsblog Chicago . en-US.
4. Web site: South Shore Street Running Ends This Weekend . 24 February 2022 .
5. https://buenosaireshistoria.org/juntas/ferrocarilles-en-la-ciudad-los-trenes-por-las-calles/
6. Web site: 12 August 2012 . Music keeps Argentine kids in school . 14 July 2024 . Deutsche Welle.
7. Last Cane Train at Moreton Sugar Mill Light Railways issue 175 January 2004 page 20
8. https://www.sunshinecoast.qld.gov.au Friday 14 May 2021
9. Web site: Nambour celebrates tram design and Terminus opening . 25 May 2021 .
10. Port Pirie's Famous Streetside Station Closes for Passenger Business Railway Transportation September 1967 page 34
11. North Coast Line Infrastructure Railway Digest August 1996 page 11
12. Still standing… Track & Signal November 2012 page 77
13. [Light Railways]
14. [Trains (magazine)|Trains Magazine]
15. Web site: Longwell . Karen . Throwback Thursday: Railway through downtown Port Hope . NorthumberlandNews.com . August 7, 2014.
16. News: Graham. David. May 12, 2010. History haunts Guelph's railways. Guelph Mercury.
17. News: Brkljača. Maja. June 7, 2018. Traffic Collapse Due to Station Refurbishment; All Trains to Go Through City Centre. RTL Group.
18. Web site: Das Industriestammgleis "B". Industriegleise im Fabrikviertel Darmstadt. Walter Kuhl. 14 July 2021.
19. Web site: Hung Hom-KCR tracks to dockyard via Baker Street-bottom left -behind the bus | Gwulo .
20. Web site: KCR Whampoa Railway Siding – the Industrial History of Hong Kong Group .
21. Web site: Kowloon (HK & Whampoa) Dockyards during the Occupation 1942-45 – the Industrial History of Hong Kong Group .
22. Web site: KCR-Kowloon-Docks- Rail-Link | Gwulo .
23. Web site: Plan of HK & Whampoa Dockyard 1949 | Gwulo .
24. Web site: Hanya di Kota Solo, Kereta Melintas di Jalan Raya; Tahu Kenapa? (Only in Solo City train run along the road. Do you know why?). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika, Statistik dan Persandian Kota Surakarta. 23 June 2023.
25. Web site: Menyusuri Sejarah Rel Kereta di Sepanjang Jalan Slamet Riyadi Solo (Exploring the History of the Railway along Jalan Slamet Riyadi Solo). detik.com. Bayu Ardi Isnanto. 23 June 2023.
26. Web site: How to travel by train, bus & boat to & within Laos - Bangkok-Vientiane by train. www.seat61.com. 2018-03-06.
27. Web site: Welcome to the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway . 2016-10-15.
28. Web site: Dorn . Lori . A One-Lane Bridge in Hindon, New Zealand That Is Shared by Cars and Trains Without Any Traffic Lights . Laughing Squid . 17 July 2020 . 11 June 2019 .
29. Web site: Spektakel in Zürich-West: Und täglich grüsst der Güterzug - NZZ Zürich . www.nzz.ch . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151031121421/http://www.nzz.ch/zuerich/und-taeglich-gruesst-der-gueterzug-1.18637961 . 2015-10-31.
30. News: Taith gyntaf teithwyr trên bach o Gaernarfon i Borthmadog. cy. BBC Online. Merfyn. Davies. 30 October 2010. 26 May 2011 .
31. Web site: Trainscapes: Street Running Train in Gadsden, Alabama . 23 April 2021 .
32. Web site: Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel . 13 November 2019 .
33. Web site: History Complete | Skagway, Alaska .
34. News: Haddad . Paul . LAist City Treks: Get A Taste Of What Anaheim Was Like Before Disneyland On This 3-Mile Walk . 15 July 2024 . LAist . June 1, 2024.
35. Web site: "Street running" in Oakland, Calif., 2015.. history.amtrak.com.
36. Web site: Fort Collins came thiiiiis close to getting rid of its Old Town trains in the 1980s. Erin. Udell. Fort Collins Coloradoan.
37. Web site: Train Information || Planning, Development, Transportation .
38. https://trains.com/tm/railroads/hotspots/clearwater-florida/#:~:text=CSX train O701 %2C nicknamed the,on its 25-mph run.
39. Web site: Watch This Freight Train Drive Straight Through Town. agreatbigcity.com. 6 August 2014 .
40. Web site: Kenosha Rockford Railroad . 4 November 2014 .
41. Web site: Welcome to La Grange, Kentucky . CITY OF LA GRANGE, KENTUCKY . January 16, 2023.
42. https://jimbaux.com/2012/08/28/nogc-28-aug-2017/
43. Book: Kyper. Frank. The railroad that came out at night : a book of railroading in and around Boston. 1977. S. Greene Press. Brattleboro, Vt.. 0-8289-0318-2. 13–40.
44. • Web site: March 7, 2014 . City of Holyoke's Railroad, Part III . https://web.archive.org/web/20170305173304/http://holyokemass.com/2014/03/07/city-of-holyokes-railroad-part-iii/ . March 5, 2017 . HolyokeMass.com.
45. http://www.tbnewswatch.com, 25 oct.2019," Clock ticks down as Fort Frances........"
46. https://mn.gov/law-library-stat/archive/ctappub/0005/c1991722.htm State of Minnesota in Court of Appeals C1-99-1722
47. Web site: Moving Out: Farewell to the Dundee Spur . December 2020 .
48. Web site: Do You Know About the 'Watch Tower' in Utica? . 29 September 2016 .
49. https://www.google.com/maps/@35.2618468,-81.178558,3a,48.9y,178.16h,80.63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sLoXTOfp3dViQhPBOHmCfLA!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fcb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile%26w%3D900%26h%3D600%26pitch%3D9.36806281841639%26panoid%3DLoXTOfp3dViQhPBOHmCfLA%26yaw%3D178.1578231029918!7i16384!8i8192?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MTIwMS4xIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
50. Book: Burkhardt . D.C. Jesse . Railroads of Hillsboro . 2014 . . 978-1-4671-3236-7 . 112 .
51. Web site: Street Running . trainedeyenw.com.
52. Web site: From Rails to Riches: The Eastside Opportunity Corridor .
53. Web site: 12/09/2016 - Decision - 45571. www.stb.gov.
54. Web site: Southwest Pennsylvania Railroad Company-Abandonment Exemption-in Fayette County, Pa.. 6 December 2016.
55. https://akronrrclub.wordpress.com/2011/12 /19/dodging-traffic-in-west-brownsville
56. Web site: Railroads – Paris/Henry County Economic Development Corporation .
57. Web site: Comal Street Railroad Track Relocation, Agreement with Union Pacific Railroad . 2004-10-18.
58. News: Cumbie. Jim. Schmidt. L.W.. San Antonio: The Beer Line [A brief history of the Texas Transportation Company]. Spring 1990. The New Electric Railway Journal. 1048-3845. 21–22 and 27.
59. Web site: Werner. George C.. Texas Transportation Company. The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Jan 16, 2023.
60. Web site: Richmond's Railroad Triple Crossing (Virginia) .
61. News: Byrnes . Mark . 2014-03-04 . Planes, Delivered By Trains . live . https://archive.today/20241126200250/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-03-04/planes-delivered-by-trains . 2024-11-26 . 2024-11-26 . Bloomberg.
62. Web site: There's Nowhere else on Earth with a Downtown Quite Like St. Marys, West Virginia . 5 January 2021 .