List of International Space Station expeditions explained

This is a chronological list of expeditions to the International Space Station (ISS). An expedition to the ISS refers to the crew that is occupying the space station and using it for research and testing. Expeditions can last up to six months and include between two and seven crew members.

Expeditions are numbered starting from one and sequentially increased with each expedition. Resupply mission crews and space tourists are excluded (see List of human spaceflights to the ISS for details). ISS commanders are listed in italics. "Duration" is the period of time between the crew's launch from Earth and until their decoupling from the ISS.

Future international collaboration on ISS activities has been thrown into doubt by the Russian invasion of Ukraine and related sanctions on Russia.^[1]

Completed expeditions

	Patch	Crew	Arrival (UTC)	Arrival Flight	Departure (UTC)	Departure Flight	Duration (days)
1		Yuri Gidzenko Sergei Krikalev William Shepherd	2 November 2000 09:21	Soyuz TM-31	21 March 2001 07:33	STS-102	141
2		Yury Usachov James S. Voss Susan Helms	8 March 2001 11:42	STS-102	22 August 2001 19:24	STS-105	167.28
3		Frank L. Culbertson Jr. Mikhail Tyurin Vladimir Dezhurov	10 August 2001 21:10	STS-105	17 December 2001 17:56	STS-108	128.86
4		Yury Onufriyenko Carl E. Walz Daniel W. Bursch	5 December 2001 22:19	STS-108	19 June 2002 09:57	STS-111	195.82
5		Valery Korzun Peggy Whitson Sergei Treshchov	5 June 2002 21:22	STS-111	7 December 2002 19:37	STS-113	184.93
6		Nikolai Budarin Ken Bowersox Donald Pettit	24 November 2002 00:49	STS-113	4 May 2003 02:04	Soyuz TMA-1	161.05
7		Yuri Malenchenko Ed Lu	26 April 2003 03:53	Soyuz TMA-2	28 October 2003 02:40	Soyuz TMA-2	184.93
8		Aleksandr Kaleri Michael Foale	18 October 2003 05:38	Soyuz TMA-3	30 April 2004 00:11	Soyuz TMA-3	194.77
9		Gennady Padalka Michael Fincke	19 April 2004 03:19	Soyuz TMA-4	24 October 2004 00:32	Soyuz TMA-4	185.66
10		Salizhan Sharipov Leroy Chiao	16 October 2004 04:16	Soyuz TMA-5	24 April 2005 22:08	Soyuz TMA-5	192.79
11		Sergei Krikalev John L. Phillips	15 April 2005 00:46	Soyuz TMA-6	11 October 2005 01:09	Soyuz TMA-6	179.02
12		Valeri Tokarev William S. McArthur	1 October 2005 03:54	Soyuz TMA-7	8 April 2006 23:48	Soyuz TMA-7	189.01
13		Pavel Vinogradov Jeffrey Williams	30 March 2006 02:30	Soyuz TMA-8	28 September 2006 01:13	Soyuz TMA-8	182.65
		Thomas Reiter	4 July 2006 18:38	STS-121	colspan="3"
		Mikhail Tyurin	18 September 2006 04:09	Soyuz TMA-9	21 April 2007 12:31	Soyuz TMA-9	215.35
		Thomas Reiter	21 December 2006 22:32		STS-116	171.16
		Sunita Williams	10 December 2006 01:47	STS-116	colspan="3"
15		Oleg Kotov Fyodor Yurchikhin	7 April 2007 17:31	Soyuz TMA-10	21 October 2007 10:36	Soyuz TMA-10	196.71
		Sunita Williams	22 June 2007 19:49		STS-117	194.75
		Clayton Anderson	8 June 2007 23:38	STS-117	colspan="3"
16		Yuri Malenchenko Peggy Whitson	10 October 2007 13:22	Soyuz TMA-11	19 April 2008 08:30	Soyuz TMA-11	191.80
		Clayton Anderson	7 November 2007 18:01		STS-120	151.77
		Daniel M. Tani	23 October 2007 15:38	STS-120	20 February 2008 14:07	STS-122	119.94
		Léopold Eyharts	7 February 2008 19:45	STS-122	27 March 2008 06:28	STS-123	48.55
		Garrett Reisman	11 March 2008 06:28	STS-123	colspan="3"
17		Sergey Volkov Oleg Kononenko	8 April 2008 11:16	Soyuz TMA-12	24 October 2008 03:37	Soyuz TMA-12	198.68
		Garrett Reisman	14 June 2008 15:16		STS-124	95.37
		Gregory Chamitoff	31 May 2008 21:02	STS-124	colspan="3"
18		Yury Lonchakov Michael Fincke	12 October 2008 07:01	Soyuz TMA-13	8 April 2009 07:16	Soyuz TMA-13	178.01
		Gregory Chamitoff	30 November 2008 21:25		STS-126	183.02
		Sandra Magnus	15 November 2008 00:55	STS-126	28 March 2009 19:13	STS-119	133.76
		Koichi Wakata	15 March 2009 23:43	STS-119	colspan="3"
19		Gennady Padalka Michael Barratt	26 March 2009 11:49	Soyuz TMA-14	colspan="3" rowspan="2"
		Koichi Wakata	colspan="2" height="44"
20		Gennady Padalka Michael Barratt	11 October 2009 04:32		Soyuz TMA-14	198.70
		Koichi Wakata			31 July 2009 14:48	STS-127	144.62
		Timothy Kopra	15 July 2009 22:03	STS-127	12 September 2009 00:53	STS-128	58.12
		Roman Romanenko Frank De Winne Robert Thirsk	27 May 2009 10:34	Soyuz TMA-15	colspan="3" rowspan="2"
		Nicole Stott	29 August 2009 03:59	STS-128
21		Roman Romanenko Frank De Winne Robert Thirsk	1 December 2009 07:16		Soyuz TMA-15	187.86
		Nicole Stott			27 November 2009 14:44	STS-129	90.45
		Maksim Surayev Jeffrey Williams	30 September 2009 07:14	Soyuz TMA-16	colspan="3"
22		Maksim Surayev Jeffrey Williams	18 March 2010 11:24		Soyuz TMA-16	169.04
		Oleg Kotov Soichi Noguchi Timothy Creamer	20 December 2009 21:52	Soyuz TMA-17	colspan="3"
23		Oleg Kotov Soichi Noguchi Timothy Creamer	2 June 2010 03:25		Soyuz TMA-17	163.23
		Aleksandr Skvortsov Mikhail Kornienko Tracy Caldwell Dyson	2 April 2010 04:05	Soyuz TMA-18	colspan="3"
24		Aleksandr Skvortsov Mikhail Kornienko Tracy Caldwell Dyson	25 September 2010 05:23		Soyuz TMA-18	176.05
		Fyodor Yurchikhin Shannon Walker Douglas H. Wheelock	15 June 2010 21:35	Soyuz TMA-19	colspan="3"
25		Fyodor Yurchikhin Shannon Walker Douglas H. Wheelock	26 November 2010 04:46		Soyuz TMA-19	163.30
		Aleksandr Kaleri Oleg Skripochka Scott Kelly	7 October 2010 23:10		colspan="3"
26		Aleksandr Kaleri Oleg Skripochka Scott Kelly	16 March 2011 07:54			159.36
		Dmitri Kondratyev Paolo Nespoli Catherine Coleman	15 December 2010 19:09	Soyuz TMA-20	colspan="3"
27		Dmitri Kondratyev Paolo Nespoli Catherine Coleman	24 May 2011 02:27		Soyuz TMA-20	160.10
		Aleksandr Samokutyayev Andrei Borisenko Ronald J. Garan Jr.	4 April 2011 22:18	Soyuz TMA-21	colspan="3"
28		Aleksandr Samokutyayev Andrei Borisenko Ronald J. Garan Jr.	16 September 2011 00:38		Soyuz TMA-21	164.10
		Sergey Volkov Satoshi Furukawa Michael E. Fossum	7 June 2011 20:12	Soyuz TMA-02M	colspan="3"
29		Sergey Volkov Satoshi Furukawa Michael E. Fossum	22 November 2011 02:26		Soyuz TMA-02M	167.26
		Anton Shkaplerov Anatoli Ivanishin Daniel C. Burbank	14 November 2011 04:14	Soyuz TMA-22	colspan="3"
30		Anton Shkaplerov Anatoli Ivanishin Daniel C. Burbank	27 April 2012 11:45		Soyuz TMA-22	165.31
		Oleg Kononenko André Kuipers Donald Pettit	21 December 2011 13:16	Soyuz TMA-03M	colspan="3"
31		Oleg Kononenko André Kuipers Donald Pettit	1 July 2012 08:14		Soyuz TMA-03M	192.83
		Gennady Padalka Sergei Revin Joseph M. Acaba	15 May 2012 03:01	Soyuz TMA-04M	colspan="3"
32		Gennady Padalka Sergei Revin Joseph M. Acaba	17 September 2012 02:53		Soyuz TMA-04M	124.99
		Yuri Malenchenko Sunita Williams Akihiko Hoshide	15 July 2012 02:40	Soyuz TMA-05M	colspan="3"
33		Yuri Malenchenko Sunita Williams Akihiko Hoshide	19 November 2012 01:56		Soyuz TMA-05M	126.97
		Oleg Novitsky Evgeny Tarelkin Kevin A. Ford	23 October 2012 10:51	Soyuz TMA-06M	colspan="3"
34		Oleg Novitsky Evgeny Tarelkin Kevin A. Ford	15 March 2013 03:06		Soyuz TMA-06M	143.18
		Roman Romanenko Chris Hadfield Thomas Marshburn	19 December 2012 11:12	Soyuz TMA-07M	colspan="3"
35		Roman Romanenko Chris Hadfield Thomas Marshburn	14 May 2013 03:31		Soyuz TMA-07M	145.64
		Pavel Vinogradov Alexander Misurkin Christopher Cassidy	28 March 2013 20:43	Soyuz TMA-08M	colspan="3"
36		Pavel Vinogradov Alexander Misurkin Christopher Cassidy	11 September 2013 02:58		Soyuz TMA-08M	166.25
		Fyodor Yurchikhin Luca Parmitano Karen Nyberg	28 May 2013 20:31	Soyuz TMA-09M	colspan="3"
37		Fyodor Yurchikhin Luca Parmitano Karen Nyberg	11 November 2013 02:49		Soyuz TMA-09M	166.25
		Oleg Kotov Sergey Ryazansky Michael S. Hopkins	25 September 2013 20:58	Soyuz TMA-10M	colspan="3"
38		Oleg Kotov Sergey Ryazansky Michael S. Hopkins	11 March 2014 03:24		Soyuz TMA-10M	166.25
		Mikhail Tyurin Richard Mastracchio Koichi Wakata	6 November 2013 04:14	Soyuz TMA-11M	colspan="3"
39		Mikhail Tyurin Richard Mastracchio Koichi Wakata	14 May 2014 01:58		Soyuz TMA-11M	187.91
		Aleksandr Skvortsov Oleg Artemyev Steven Swanson	25 March 2014 21:17	Soyuz TMA-12M	colspan="3"
40		Aleksandr Skvortsov Oleg Artemyev Steven Swanson	11 September 2014 02:23		Soyuz TMA-12M	169.20
		Maksim Surayev Gregory R. Wiseman Alexander Gerst	28 May 2014 19:57	Soyuz TMA-13M	colspan="3"
41		Maksim Surayev Gregory R. Wiseman Alexander Gerst	10 November 2014 03:58		Soyuz TMA-13M	165.33
		Aleksandr Samokutyayev Yelena Serova Barry E. Wilmore	25 September 2014 20:25	Soyuz TMA-14M	colspan="3"
42		Aleksandr Samokutyayev Yelena Serova Barry E. Wilmore	12 March 2015 02:07		Soyuz TMA-14M	167.25
		Anton Shkaplerov Samantha Cristoforetti Terry W. Virts	23 November 2014 21:01	Soyuz TMA-15M	colspan="3"
43		Anton Shkaplerov Samantha Cristoforetti Terry W. Virts	11 June 2015 13:44[2] [3]		Soyuz TMA-15M	199.70
		Gennady Padalka	27 March 2015 19:42	Soyuz TMA-16M	colspan="3"
		Mikhail Kornienko Scott Kelly			colspan="3"
44		Gennady Padalka	12 September 2015 00:51[4]		Soyuz TMA-16M	169
		Mikhail Kornienko Scott Kelly			colspan="3"
		Oleg Kononenko Kimiya Yui Kjell N. Lindgren	22 July 2015 21:02[5]	Soyuz TMA-17M	colspan="3"
45		Mikhail Kornienko Scott Kelly	colspan="3"
		Oleg Kononenko Kimiya Yui Kjell N. Lindgren			11 December 2015 13:12	Soyuz TMA-17M	141.66
		Sergey Volkov	2 September 2015 04:37	Soyuz TMA-18M	colspan="3"
46		Sergey Volkov	2 March 2016 04:25:27	Soyuz TMA-18M	181
		Mikhail Kornienko Scott Kelly	340 [6]
		Yuri Malenchenko Timothy Kopra Tim Peake	15 December 2015 11:03	Soyuz TMA-19M	colspan="3"
47		Yuri Malenchenko Timothy Kopra Tim Peake	18 June 2016 09:15[7]		Soyuz TMA-19M	185.91
		Aleksey Ovchinin Oleg Skripochka Jeffrey Williams	18 March 2016 21:26:38	Soyuz TMA-20M	colspan="3"
48		Oleg Skripochka Aleksey Ovchinin Jeffrey Williams	7 September 2016 01:13[8]		Soyuz TMA-20M	172[9]
		Anatoli Ivanishin Takuya Onishi Kathleen Rubins	7 July 2016 01:36[10]	Soyuz MS-01	colspan="3"
49		Anatoli Ivanishin Takuya Onishi Kathleen Rubins	30 October 2016 03:58[11]		Soyuz MS-01	115
		Sergey Ryzhikov Andrei Borisenko Shane Kimbrough	19 October 2016 08:05[12]	Soyuz MS-02	colspan="3"
50		Sergey Ryzhikov Andrei Borisenko Shane Kimbrough	10 April 2017 11:20		Soyuz MS-02	173
		Oleg Novitskiy Thomas Pesquet Peggy Whitson	17 November 2016 20:17	Soyuz MS-03	colspan="3"
51		Oleg Novitsky Thomas Pesquet	2 June 2017 14:10		Soyuz MS-03	196.72
		Peggy Whitson			colspan="3" rowspan="2"
		Fyodor Yurchikhin Jack D. Fischer	20 April 2017 07:13	Soyuz MS-04
52		Fyodor Yurchikhin Jack D. Fischer	3 September 2017 01:22	Soyuz MS-04[13]	135.3
		Peggy Whitson	289.1 [14]
		Sergey Ryazansky Randolph Bresnik Paolo Nespoli	28 July 2017 15:41	Soyuz MS-05	colspan="3"
53		Sergey Ryazansky Randolph Bresnik Paolo Nespoli	14 December 2017 08:38[15]		Soyuz MS-05	139
		Alexander Misurkin Mark T. Vande Hei Joseph M. Acaba	12 September 2017 21:17	Soyuz MS-06	colspan="3"
54		Alexander Misurkin Mark T. Vande Hei Joseph M. Acaba	28 February 2018 02:31		Soyuz MS-06	168
		Anton Shkaplerov Scott D. Tingle Norishige Kanai	17 December 2017 07:21	Soyuz MS-07	colspan="3"
55		Anton Shkaplerov Scott D. Tingle Norishige Kanai	3 June 2018 12:39		Soyuz MS-07	168
		Oleg Artemyev Andrew J. Feustel Richard R. Arnold	21 March 2018 17:44[16]	Soyuz MS-08	colspan="3"
56		Oleg Artemyev Andrew J. Feustel Richard R. Arnold	4 October 2018 11:44:45[17]		Soyuz MS-08	196
		Sergey Prokopyev Alexander Gerst Serena Auñón-Chancellor	6 June 2018 11:12	Soyuz MS-09	colspan="3"
57		Sergey Prokopyev Alexander Gerst Serena Auñón-Chancellor	20 December 2018 05:02		Soyuz MS-09	197
		Oleg Kononenko David Saint-Jacques Anne McClain	3 December 2018 11:31	Soyuz MS-11	colspan="3"
58		Oleg Kononenko David Saint-Jacques Anne McClain	colspan="3"
59		Oleg Kononenko David Saint-Jacques Anne McClain	25 June 2019 02:47:50[18]		Soyuz MS-11	203
		Aleksey Ovchinin Nick Hague Christina Koch	March 14, 2019 19:14	Soyuz MS-12	colspan="3"
60		Aleksey Ovchinin Nick Hague	3 October 2019 10:59[19]		Soyuz MS-12	202
		Christina Koch			rowspan="2" colspan="3"
		Aleksandr Skvortsov Luca Parmitano Andrew R. Morgan	20 July 2019 16:28:21[20]	Soyuz MS-13
61		Aleksandr Skvortsov Luca Parmitano	6 February 2020 05:50	Soyuz MS-13	200
		Christina Koch	328
		Andrew R. Morgan	rowspan="2" colspan="3"
		Oleg Skripochka Jessica Meir	25 September 2019 13:57:43[21]	Soyuz MS-15
62		Oleg Skripochka Jessica Meir	17 April 2020 05:16[22]	Soyuz MS-15	205
		Andrew R. Morgan	272
		Anatoli Ivanishin Ivan Vagner Christopher Cassidy	9 April 2020 08:05[23]	Soyuz MS-16	colspan="3"
63		Anatoli Ivanishin Ivan Vagner Christopher Cassidy	21 October 2020 23:32[24]		Soyuz MS-16	195
		Doug Hurley Bob Behnken[25]	30 May 2020 19:22:45[26]	SpaceX Crew Dragon Demo-2	2 August 2020 18:48:06[27] [28] [29]	SpaceX Crew Dragon Demo-2	64[30]
		Sergey Ryzhikov Sergey Kud-Sverchkov Kathleen Rubins	14 October 2020 05:45:04[31] [32]	Soyuz MS-17	colspan="3"
64		Sergey Ryzhikov Sergey Kud-Sverchkov Kathleen Rubins	17 April 2021 04:55[33]		Soyuz MS-17	185
		Michael Hopkins Victor Glover Soichi Noguchi Shannon Walker	16 November 2020 00:27:17[34]	SpaceX Crew-1	colspan="3" rowspan="2"
		Oleg Novitsky Pyotr Dubrov Mark Vande Hei	9 April 2021 07:42:41[35]	Soyuz MS-18
65		Michael Hopkins Victor Glover Soichi Noguchi Shannon Walker	2 May 2021 06:56:33		SpaceX Crew-1	167
		Oleg Novitsky			17 October 2021 01:14:05	Soyuz MS-18	191
		Pyotr Dubrov Mark Vande Hei			colspan="3" rowspan="3"
		Shane Kimbrough K. Megan McArthur Akihiko Hoshide Thomas Pesquet	23 April 2021 09:49:02	SpaceX Crew-2
		Anton Shkaplerov	5 October 2021 08:55:02	Soyuz MS-19
66		R. Shane Kimbrough K. Megan McArthur Akihiko Hoshide Thomas Pesquet	8 November 2021 19:05		SpaceX Crew-2	199
		Anton Shkaplerov[36]	30 March 2022 07:21:03	Soyuz MS-19	176
		Pyotr Dubrov Mark Vande Hei			355
		Raja Chari Thomas Marshburn Matthias Maurer Kayla Barron	11 November 2021 02:03:30	SpaceX Crew-3	colspan="3" rowspan=2
		Oleg Artemyev Denis Matveev Sergey Korsakov	18 March 2022 15:55:18	Soyuz MS-21
67		Raja Chari Thomas Marshburn Matthias Maurer Kayla Barron	6 May 2022 04:43		SpaceX Crew-3	176
		Oleg Artemyev[37] Denis Matveev Sergey Korsakov			29 September 2022 10:57	Soyuz MS-21	194.5
		Kjell Lindgren Bob Hines Samantha Cristoforetti Jessica Watkins	27 April 2022 07:52:55	SpaceX Crew-4	colspan="3" rowspan=2
		Sergey Prokopyev Dmitry Petelin Francisco Rubio	21 September 2022 13:54	Soyuz MS-22
68		Kjell Lindgren Bob Hines Samantha Cristoforetti Jessica Watkins	14 October 2022 20:55		SpaceX Crew-4	170.5
		Sergey Prokopyev[38] Dmitry Petelin Francisco Rubio	colspan="3" rowspan="1"
		Nicole Aunapu Mann Josh A. Cassada Koichi Wakata Anna Kikina[39]	6 October 2022 16:00:57	SpaceX Crew-5	11 March 2023 07:21	SpaceX Crew-5	157
		Stephen Bowen Warren Hoburg Sultan Al Neyadi Andrey Fedyaev	2 March 2023 05:34:14	SpaceX Crew-6	colspan="3"
69		Sergey Prokopyev Dmitry Petelin Francisco Rubio	27 September 2023 07:54		Soyuz MS-23	371
		Stephen Bowen Warren Hoburg Sultan Al Neyadi Andrey Fedyaev			3 September 2023 11:05	SpaceX Crew-6	186
		Jasmin Moghbeli Andreas Mogensen Satoshi Furukawa Konstantin Borisov	27 August 2023 13:16	SpaceX Crew-7	colspan="3" rowspan="2"
		Oleg Kononenko Nikolai Chub Loral O'Hara	15 September 2023 18:53	Soyuz MS-24
70		Jasmin Moghbeli Andreas Mogensen Satoshi Furukawa Konstantin Borisov	11 March 2024 15:20		SpaceX Crew-7	199
		Loral O'Hara			6 April 2024 03:54	Soyuz MS-24	204
		Oleg Kononenko Nikolai Chub			colspan="3" rowspan="3"
		Matthew Dominick Michael Barratt Jeanette Epps Alexander Grebenkin[40]	5 March 2024 08:00	SpaceX Crew-8
		Tracy Caldwell-Dyson	25 March 2024 15:02	Soyuz MS-25
71
		Oleg Kononenko Nikolai Chub	23 September 2024 08:36	Soyuz MS-25	374
		Tracy Caldwell-Dyson	184
		Matthew Dominick Michael Barratt Jeanette Epps Alexander Grebenkin	colspan="3" rowspan="3"
		Barry E. Wilmore Sunita Williams	6 June 2024 17:34	Boeing Crew Flight Test
		Aleksey Ovchinin Ivan Vagner Donald Pettit	11 September 2024 19:32	Soyuz MS-26

Current expedition

	Patch	Crew	Arrival (UTC)	Arrival Flight	Departure (UTC)	Departure Flight	Duration (days)
72		Matthew Dominick Michael Barratt Jeanette Epps Alexander Grebenkin	23 October 2024 21:05		SpaceX Crew-8	235
		Aleksey Ovchinin Ivan Vagner Donald Pettit			March 2025 (planned)	Soyuz MS-26
		Barry E. Wilmore Sunita Williams			February 2025 (planned)	SpaceX Crew-9
		Nick Hague Aleksandr Gorbunov	29 September 2024 21:30	SpaceX Crew-9
		Anne McClain Nichole Ayers Takuya Onishi Kirill Peskov	February 2025 (planned)	SpaceX Crew-10	colspan="3" rowspan="2"
		Sergey Ryzhikov Alexey Zubritsky Jonny Kim	March 2025 (planned)	Soyuz MS-27

Future expeditions

	Patch	Crew	Arrival (UTC)	Arrival Flight	Departure (UTC)	Departure Flight	Duration (days)
73		Anne McClain Nichole Ayers Takuya Onishi Kirill Peskov	July 2025 (planned)		SpaceX Crew-10
		Sergey Ryzhikov Alexey Zubritsky Jonny Kim			November 2025 (planned)	Soyuz MS-27

Cancelled expedition

! rowspan="2"

Crew	Arrival		Cancellation Reason
Date	Flight
0		2000	Soyuz 7K-STM No. 205	This expedition would have been triggered if the Zarya and Zvezda modules failed to dock. As it was successful, the expedition was not necessary and the spacecraft was passed to Soyuz TM-31.[41] [42] [43]

See also

• List of human spaceflights to the ISS
• List of International Space Station crew
• List of International Space Station visitors
• List of Mir Expeditions
• List of ESA space expeditions
• List of Tiangong Space Station expeditions
• List of commanders of the ISS

References

Sources

General references

• NASA's space station crew page
• SpaceFacts
• NASA ISS Expedition Mission News releases

Notes and References

1. Witze . Alexandra . Russia's invasion of Ukraine is redrawing the geopolitics of space . Nature . 13 March 2022 . en . 10.1038/d41586-022-00727-x . 11 March 2022. 35277688 . 247407886 .
2. Web site: International Space Station Partners Adjust Spacecraft Schedule. NASA. 2015.
3. Web site: Expedition 43 Crew Departs Space Station, Lands Safely in Kazakhstan. 11 June 2015. June 11, 2015.
4. Web site: Harwood. William. Soyuz lands safely in Kazakhstan. Spaceflight Now. November 3, 2015.
5. Web site: Launch, Docking Returns Space Station Crew to Full Strength. 22 July 2015. July 23, 2015.
6. Web site: Year In Space mission ends with Soyuz TMA-18M return . nasaspaceflight.com. Gebhardt, Chris. March 1, 2016. March 6, 2016.
7. News: UK astronaut Tim Peake returns to Earth. 18 June 2016. June 18, 2016. BBC News.
8. Web site: Expedition 48 Lands With Most Experienced NASA Astronaut. NASA. September 6, 2016.
9. Web site: Roscosmos: Soyuz TMA-20M crew return. Roscosmos. September 7, 2016. 21 September 2016. 26 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190326081447/http://en.roscosmos.ru/20643/. dead.
10. Web site: Crew Launches for Two-Day Ride to Station. NASA. July 9, 2016.
11. Web site: NASA Astronaut Kate Rubins, Crewmates Safely Return From the Space Station. NASA. October 30, 2016.
12. Web site: Soyuz MS-02 spacecraft docks with Expedition 49/50 crew. nasaspaceflight.com. October 19, 2016.
13. Web site: "American Space Ninja" Back On Earth After Record-Breaking Flight. NPR. August 6, 2017. September 3, 2017.
14. Web site: Astronaut biography: Peggy Whitson. spacefacts.com. September 5, 2017.
15. Web site: Soyuz MS-05 returns crew back to Earth. December 14, 2017. December 14, 2017.
16. Web site: Soyuz MS-08 mission, first crew launch of 2018, docks with ISS. March 21, 2018. Chris. Gebhardt. nasaspaceflight.com.
17. Web site: Soyuz MS-08. spacefacts.de. October 6, 2018.
18. Web site: Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz MS-11. spacefacts.de.
19. Web site: Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz MS-12. spacefacts.de.
20. Web site: Spaceflight mission report Soyuz MS-13. spacefacts.de.
21. Web site: Spaceflight mission report Soyuz MS-15. spacefacts.de.
22. Web site: NASA Announces First Flight, Record-Setting Mission. NASA. April 17, 2019.
23. News: June 27, 2019. Утвержден экипаж космического корабля "Союз МС-16". ru. The crew of MS-16 Soyuz spacecraft has been approved. Interfax. August 28, 2019.
24. Web site: Neal. Mihir. Gebhardt. Chris. 21 October 2020. Soyuz MS-16 returns Space Station trio to Earth . NASASpaceflight.com. 22 October 2020.
25. Web site: Garcia. Mark. Station Welcomes First SpaceX Crew Dragon with Astronauts . NASA. June 1, 2020. May 31, 2020.
26. Web site: Crew Dragon SpX-DM2. Spacefacts. May 31, 2020.
27. 1289996815824117760. SpaceX. Good splashdown of Dragon confirmed! Welcome back to Earth, @AstroBehnken and @Astro_Doug!. August 2, 2020. 2 August 2020.
28. Web site: How SpaceX's Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission will work in 13 steps. Weitering. Hanneke. May 29, 2020. space.com. Space.com. May 31, 2020.
29. News: SpaceX Crew Dragon Departs, Carrying NASA Astronauts Toward Home. Kenneth. Chang. The New York Times. 1 August 2020.
30. Web site: Astronauts gear up for Friday spacewalk amid planning for August Crew Dragon return. Harwood. William. Spaceflight Now. June 24, 2020. June 30, 2020.
31. Web site: Live coverage: Soyuz crew begins flight to International Space Station. Spaceflight Now. 14 October 2020. 14 October 2020.
32. News: Источник: НАСА хочет купить еще одно место в российском "Союзе". Source: NASA wants to buy another Soyuz seat. RIA Novosti. October 22, 2019. October 23, 2019. ru.
33. Web site: SOYUZ MS-17 CREW RETURNS TO EARTH AFTER 6 MONTHS ABOARD ISS. Spaceflight Insider. 17 April 2021. 17 April 2021.
34. News: NASA, SpaceX Crew-1 Launch Update. 13 October 2020 . NASA.
35. Web site: Zak. Anatoly. Planned Russian orbital launches in 2021. RussianSpaceWeb.com. 14 March 2021. https://archive.today/20210314050445/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/2021.html. 14 March 2021. 13 March 2021. A Soyuz-2-1a rocket to launch the Soyuz MS-18 spacecraft (Vehicle No. 748, ISS mission 64S).... live.
36. Web site: Soyuz MS-19 to send a "movie crew" to ISS. 2021-10-22. 2021-11-16. russianspaceweb.com.
37. Web site: Russian cosmonaut assumes command of space station ahead of SpaceX's Crew-3 departure . . 4 May 2022 .
38. Web site: 2022-08-23 . Rubio Primed for Integrated Crew Ops, Cristoforetti, Prokopyev to Command Expedition 68a/b – AmericaSpace . 2022-09-23 . www.americaspace.com . en-US.
39. Web site: Распоряжение Правительства Российской Федерации от 10 June 2022 № 1532-р ∙ Официальное опубликование правовых актов ∙ Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации . 2022-06-11 . publication.pravo.gov.ru.
40. Web site: Foust . Jeff . NASA and Roscosmos planning to add mission to seat barter agreement . . 4 March 2023 . 14 April 2023.
41. Web site: Cancelled spaceflight mission: ISS-1R . 2024-09-12 . www.spacefacts.de.
42. Web site: Soyuz TM-31 mission . 2024-09-12 . www.russianspaceweb.com.
43. Web site: Graham . William . 2021-03-23 . Twenty years after deorbit, Mir's legacy lives on in today's space projects . 2024-09-12 . NASASpaceFlight.com . en-US.