Kallikrein-5 Explained

Kallikrein-5, formerly known as stratum corneum tryptic enzyme (SCTE), is a serine protease expressed in the epidermis. In humans it is encoded by the KLK5 gene.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]} This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Its expression is up-regulated by estrogens and progestins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.^[6]

KLK5 has been suggested to regulate cell shedding (desquamation) in conjunction with KLK7 and KLK14, given its ability to degrade proteins which form the extracellular component of cell junctions in the stratum corneum. It is proposed that KLK5 regulates this process since it is able to self-activate in addition to activating KLK7 and KLK14.^[7]

Further reading

• Li. S. Garcia. M. Gewiss. RL. Winuthayanon. W. Crucial role of estrogen for the mammalian female in regulating semen coagulation and liquefaction in vivo.. PLOS Genetics. April 2017. 13. 4. e1006743. 28414719. 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006743. 5411094. free.
• Diamandis EP, Yousef GM, Luo LY, etal . The new human kallikrein gene family: implications in carcinogenesis. . Trends Endocrinol. Metab. . 11 . 2 . 54–60 . 2001 . 10675891 . 10.1016/S1043-2760(99)00225-8. 25806934 .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Yousef GM, Luo LY, Diamandis EP . Identification of novel human kallikrein-like genes on chromosome 19q13.3-q13.4 . Anticancer Res. . 19 . 4B . 2843–52 . 2000 . 10652563 .
• Harvey TJ, Hooper JD, Myers SA, etal . Tissue-specific expression patterns and fine mapping of the human kallikrein (KLK) locus on proximal 19q13.4 . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 48 . 37397–406 . 2001 . 10969073 . 10.1074/jbc.M004525200 . free .
• Gan L, Lee I, Smith R, etal . Sequencing and expression analysis of the serine protease gene cluster located in chromosome 19q13 region . Gene . 257 . 1 . 119–30 . 2001 . 11054574 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00382-6 .
• Kim H, Scorilas A, Katsaros D, etal . Human kallikrein gene 5 (KLK5) expression is an indicator of poor prognosis in ovarian cancer . Br. J. Cancer . 84 . 5 . 643–50 . 2001 . 11237385 . 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1649 . 2363783 .
• Yousef GM, Scorilas A, Chang A, etal . Down-regulation of the human kallikrein gene 5 (KLK5) in prostate cancer tissues . Prostate . 51 . 2 . 126–32 . 2002 . 11948967 . 10.1002/pros.10067 . 44645840 .
• Yousef GM, Obiezu CV, Jung K, etal . Differential expression of Kallikrein gene 5 in cancerous and normal testicular tissues . Urology . 60 . 4 . 714–8 . 2003 . 12385949 . 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01811-3 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Dong Y, Kaushal A, Brattsand M, etal . Differential splicing of KLK5 and KLK7 in epithelial ovarian cancer produces novel variants with potential as cancer biomarkers . Clin. Cancer Res. . 9 . 5 . 1710–20 . 2004 . 12738725 .
• Yousef GM, Kapadia C, Polymeris ME, etal . The human kallikrein protein 5 (hK5) is enzymatically active, glycosylated and forms complexes with two protease inhibitors in ovarian cancer fluids . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1628 . 2 . 88–96 . 2003 . 12890555 . 10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00116-7.
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, etal . The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment . Genome Res. . 13 . 10 . 2265–70 . 2003 . 12975309 . 10.1101/gr.1293003 . 403697 .
• Caubet C, Jonca N, Brattsand M, etal . Degradation of corneodesmosome proteins by two serine proteases of the kallikrein family, SCTE/KLK5/hK5 and SCCE/KLK7/hK7 . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 122 . 5 . 1235–44 . 2004 . 15140227 . 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22512.x . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Ishida-Yamamoto A, Deraison C, Bonnart C, etal . LEKTI is localized in lamellar granules, separated from KLK5 and KLK7, and is secreted in the extracellular spaces of the superficial stratum granulosum . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 124 . 2 . 360–6 . 2005 . 15675955 . 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23583.x . free .

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: S01.017

Notes and References

1. Brattsand M, Egelrud T . Purification, molecular cloning, and expression of a human stratum corneum trypsin-like serine protease with possible function in desquamation . J Biol Chem . 274 . 42 . 30033–40 . Nov 1999 . 10514489 . 10.1074/jbc.274.42.30033 . free .
2. Yousef GM, Diamandis EP . The new kallikrein-like gene, KLK-L2. Molecular characterization, mapping, tissue expression, and hormonal regulation . J Biol Chem . 274 . 53 . 37511–6 . Feb 2000 . 10608802 . 10.1074/jbc.274.53.37511 . free .
3. Zulkifli SN, Paine LL, Greener DL, Subramaniam R . Trends in selected obstetric complications from University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Int J Gynaecol Obstet . 35 . 1 . 29–36 . Oct 1991 . 1680072 . 10.1016/0020-7292(91)90059-E . 46529409 .
4. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Kallikreins, Lausanne, Switzerland, September 1-3, 2005 . Biol Chem . 387 . 6 . 635–824 . Jun 2006 . 16800723 . 10.1515/BC.2006.081 . Diamandis . Eleftherios P. . Deperthes . David . Lundwall . Åke . 83910246 .
5. Yamasaki K, Schauber J, Coda A, Lin H, Dorschner RA, Schechter NM, Bonnart C, Descargues P, Hovnanian A, Gallo RL . Kallikrein-mediated proteolysis regulates the antimicrobial effects of cathelicidins in skin . FASEB J . 20 . 12 . 2068–80 . Oct 2006 . 17012259 . 10.1096/fj.06-6075com . free . 18170331 .
6. Web site: Entrez Gene: KLK5 kallikrein-related peptidase 5.
7. Brattsand M, Stefansson K, Lundh C, etal . A proteolytic cascade of kallikreins in the stratum corneum . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 124 . 1 . 198–203 . 2005 . 15654974 . 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23547.x . free .