Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase explained

In enzymology, a glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, whereas its two products are CoA and 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase. Other names in common use include alpha-glycerophosphate acyltransferase, 3-glycerophosphate acyltransferase, ACP:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase, glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, glycerol phosphate transacylase, glycerophosphate acyltransferase, glycerophosphate transacylase, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase, and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The later pathways in human is part of the WikiPathways^[1] machine readable pathway collection.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes and . Currently 4 different proteins are assigned to this reaction, GPAT1, GPAT2, GPAT3 and GPAT4. GPAT1 and 2 are considered mitochondrial proteins.^{[2] [3]}

References

• Bertrams M . Heinz E . 1981 . Positional Specificity and Fatty Acid Selectivity of Purified sn-Glycerol 3-Phosphate Acyltransferases from Chloroplasts . Plant Physiol. . 68 . 653 - 657 . 10.1104/pp.68.3.653 . 16661974 . 3 . 425956.
• 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07096.x . Frentzen M, Heinz E, McKeon TA, Stumpf PK . 1983 . Specificities and selectivities of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and monoacylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from pea and spinach chloroplasts . Eur. J. Biochem. . 129 . 629 - 36 . 6825679 . 3 . free .
• Green PR, Vanaman TC, Modrich P, Bell RM . 1983 . Partial NH2- and COOH-terminal sequence and cyanogen bromide peptide analysis of Escherichia coli sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase . J. Biol. Chem. . 258 . 10862 - 6 . 6350296 . 18 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44355-9 . free .
• Yamashita S, Numa S . 1972 . Partial purification and properties of glycerophosphate acyltransferase from rat liver. Formation of 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and palmityl coenzyme A . Eur. J. Biochem. . 31 . 565 - 73 . 4650158 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb02566.x . 3 . free .

Notes and References

1. Glycerophospholipid Biosynthetic Pathway. 2019-11-01. WikiPathways . D . Arturo Manzo-Fontes P. . Bot . Wikipathways Maintenance . Summer-Kutmon . Martina . Willighagen . Egon . Slenter . Denise . Cirillo . Elisa . Dupuis . Lauren J. . Weitz . Eric . Lipids . Conroy . Hanspers . Kristina .
2. Web site: Uniprot. 2019-11-01. UniProt.
3. Web site: Uniprot. 2019-11-01. UniProt.