Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase explained
Ghk.
Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase |
Ec Number: | 3.4.19.9 |
Cas Number: | 9074-87-7 |
Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase is an enzyme[1] [2] [3] [4] that catalyses the following chemical reaction:
Hydrolysis of a gamma-glutamyl bond
This lysosomal or secreted, thiol-dependent peptidase, most active at acidic pH.
In humans, gamma-glutamyl hydrolase is encoded by the GGH gene.[3] [5] [6] This gene catalyzes the hydrolysis of folylpoly-gamma-glutamates and antifolylpoly-gamma-glutamates by the removal of gamma-linked polyglutamates and glutamate.
Nomenclature
Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase is also known as conjugase, folate conjugase, lysosomal gamma-glutamyl carboxypeptidase, gamma-Glu-X carboxypeptidase, pteroyl-poly-gamma-glutamate hydrolase, carboxypeptidase G, folic acid conjugase, poly(gamma-glutamic acid) endohydrolase, polyglutamate hydrolase, poly(glutamic acid) hydrolase II, pteroylpoly-gamma-glutamyl hydrolase.
Further reading
- Galivan J, Ryan T, Rhee M, etal . Glutamyl hydrolase: properties and pharmacologic impact . Semin. Oncol. . 26 . 2 Suppl 6 . 33–7 . 1999 . 10598552 .
- O'Connor BM, Rotundo RF, Nimec Z, etal . Secretion of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase in vitro . Cancer Res. . 51 . 15 . 3874–81 . 1991 . 1713122 .
- Chandler CJ, Wang TT, Halsted CH . Pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from human jejunal brush borders. Purification and characterization . J. Biol. Chem. . 261 . 2 . 928–33 . 1986 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)36185-9 . 2867095 . free .
- Wang TT, Chandler CJ, Halsted CH . Intracellular pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from human jejunal mucosa. Isolation and characterization . J. Biol. Chem. . 261 . 29 . 13551–5 . 1986 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)67054-1 . 3759978 . free .
- Yao R, Nimec Z, Ryan TJ, Galivan J . Identification, cloning, and sequencing of a cDNA coding for rat gamma-glutamyl hydrolase . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 15 . 8525–8 . 1996 . 8621474 . 10.1074/jbc.271.15.8525 . free .
- Rhee MS, Lindau-Shepard B, Chave KJ, etal . Characterization of human cellular gamma-glutamyl hydrolase . Mol. Pharmacol. . 53 . 6 . 1040–6 . 1998 . 9614206 .
- Li H, Ryan TJ, Chave KJ, Van Roey P . Three-dimensional structure of human gamma -glutamyl hydrolase. A class I glatamine amidotransferase adapted for a complex substrate . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 27 . 24522–9 . 2002 . 11953431 . 10.1074/jbc.M202020200 . free .
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
- Basrur V, Yang F, Kushimoto T, etal . Proteomic analysis of early melanosomes: identification of novel melanosomal proteins . J. Proteome Res. . 2 . 1 . 69–79 . 2003 . 12643545 . 10.1021/pr025562r .
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
- He P, Varticovski L, Bowman ED, etal . Identification of carboxypeptidase E and gamma-glutamyl hydrolase as biomarkers for pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors by cDNA microarray . Hum. Pathol. . 35 . 10 . 1196–209 . 2004 . 15492986 . 10.1016/j.humpath.2004.06.014 . 2020-09-10 . 2022-10-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221015072716/https://zenodo.org/record/1259009 . live .
- Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, etal . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
- Eisele LE, Chave KJ, Lehning AC, Ryan TJ . Characterization of Human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase in solution demonstrates that the enzyme is a non-dissociating homodimer . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1764 . 9 . 1479–86 . 2006 . 16945597 . 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.06.008 .
- Chi A, Valencia JC, Hu ZZ, etal . Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes . J. Proteome Res. . 5 . 11 . 3135–44 . 2007 . 17081065 . 10.1021/pr060363j .
- Hayashi H, Fujimaki C, Inoue K, etal . Genetic polymorphism of C452T (T127I) in human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase in a Japanese population . Biol. Pharm. Bull. . 30 . 4 . 839–41 . 2007 . 17409534 . 10.1248/bpb.30.839 . free .
Notes and References
- Wang Y, Nimec Z, Ryan TJ, Dias JA, Galivan J . The properties of the secreted gamma-glutamyl hydrolases from H35 hepatoma cells . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1164 . 3 . 227–35 . August 1993 . 8343522 . 10.1016/0167-4838(93)90253-n.
- Yao R, Rhee MS, Galivan J . Effects of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase on folyl and antifolylpolyglutamates in cultured H35 hepatoma cells . Mol. Pharmacol. . 48 . 3 . 505–11 . September 1995 . 7565632 .
- Yao R, Schneider E, Ryan TJ, Galivan J . Human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase: cloning and characterization of the enzyme expressed in vitro . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 93 . 19 . 10134–8 . September 1996 . 8816764 . 38349 . 10.1073/pnas.93.19.10134. free . 1996PNAS...9310134Y .
- Yao R, Nimec Z, Ryan TJ, Galivan J . Identification, cloning, and sequencing of a cDNA coding for rat gamma-glutamyl hydrolase . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 15 . 8525–8 . April 1996 . 8621474 . 10.1074/jbc.271.15.8525. free .
- Yin D, Chave KJ, Macaluso CR, Galivan J, Yao R . Structural organization of the human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase gene . Gene . 238 . 2 . 463–70 . Dec 1999 . 10570974 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00362-5 .
- Web site: Entrez Gene: GGH gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase). 2017-08-31. 2022-12-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20221212130517/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8836. live.