List of dams and reservoirs in China explained

Dams and reservoirs in China are numerous and have had a profound effect on the country's development and people. According to the World Commission on Dams in 2000, there were 22,104 dams over the height of 15m (49feet) operating in China. Of the world's total large dams, China accounts for the most – of them; of which are used for irrigation. Accordingly, the oldest in China still in use belongs to the Dujiangyan Irrigation System which dates back to 256 BC.[1] [2] In 2005, there were over 80,000 reservoirs in the country and over 4,800 dams completed or under construction that stands at or exceed 30m (100feet) in height.[3] As of 2007, China is also the world's leader in the construction of large dams; followed by Turkey, and Japan in third.[4] The tallest dam in China is the Jinping-I Dam at 305m (1,001feet), an arch dam, which is also the tallest dam in the world. The largest reservoir is created by the Three Gorges Dam, which stores 39.3 billion m3 (31,900,000 acre feet) of water and has a surface area of 1045km2. Three Gorges is also the world's largest power station.[5] [6]

Dams and their associated reservoirs are constructed by the country for several reasons including hydroelectric power generation, flood control, irrigation, drought mitigation, navigation and tourism. China has the largest potential for hydropower in the world and currently ranks first in hydroelectric generating capacity with about 200,000 MW online.[7] [8] These benefits have come with adverse effects such as resettlement and inundation while impeding river flow often leads to habitat loss and on certain rivers there are issues with trans-boundary river flow.[9]

The nation's leading institution for dam design is the Beijing-based China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR),[10] somewhat similar to Russia's Hydroproject Institute.

Below is a partial list of dams and reservoirs in China that are both operational and under construction. The most notable by height, type, and reservoir size, are among those listed. The minimum height for a dam to be included on the list is 20m (70feet).

List

Name Impounds Height Type Storage capacity Complete Notes
138m (453feet) 8820000000m2 2012 [11]
128m (420feet) Gravity 2580000000m2 1989 [12]
Sichuan/Yunnan Provinces 277m (909feet) 17924000000m2 2021 [13]
130abbr=on0abbr=on Gravity 5660000000m2 2006
107.5abbr=on0abbr=on Gravity 16500000m2 1994 [14]
94.8abbr=on0abbr=on 8270000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2011
N/A 6abbr=on0abbr=on 85000000m2 1965 [15]
Sichuan Province 132m (433feet) Gravity 2550000000m2 2000
Renhe River 155m (509feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 315000000m2 2009
149.5m (490.5feet) 6500000000m2 1984 [16]
120m (390feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 545000000m2 2006
50.5m (165.7feet) 675000000m2 1952/93 [17]
Bailong River 101m (331feet) Embankment 521000000m2 1977 [18]
94m (308feet) Arch 221000000m22013[19]
Sichuan Province 240m (790feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 1075000000m2 2016 [20]
Chongqing 52m (171feet) Embankment 1027000000m2 1954 [21]
Guangxi 70m (230feet) Embankment 1150000000m2 1961 [22]
Burqin River 74m (243feet) Gravity 85000000m2 2009 [23]
Yunnan Province 111m (364feet) Gravity 940000000m2 2003 [24]
Sichuan Province Dadu River 210m (690feet) Arch 724000000m2 2014 [25]
Changhua River 57m (187feet) Gravity/Embankment 1710000000m2 1995 [26]
Yunnan Province 106m (348feet) Gravity 293000000m2 2018 (?) [27]
134.5m (441.3feet) Arch 276500000m2 2008 [28]
176.6m (579.4feet) Gravity 17450000000m2 1973 [29]
Guizhou Province 162m (531feet) Arch 1025000000m2 1995 [30]
Guizhou Province 150m (490feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 955000000m2 2009
157m (515feet) Arch 9565000000m2 1992
Hubei Province 135m (443feet) Arch 336000000m2 2006
Sichuan Province 240m (790feet) Arch 5800000000m2 1999 [31]
Jilin Province Second Songhua River 91m (299feet) Gravity 11460000000m2 1953 [32]
95.4m (313feet) Gravity 1932000000m2 1974
Hunan Province You River 112.5m (369.1feet) Arch-gravity 1740000000m2 1978 [33]
Hubei Province 157m (515feet) Arch-gravity 3400000000m2 2006 [34]
Yunnan Province 113m (371feet) Gravity409000000m2 2008 [35]
Hainan Province Changhua River 34m (112feet) Gravity/Embankment 146000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2009 [36]
Hubei Province 47m (154feet) Gravity 1580000000m2 1988 [37]
132m (433feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 630000000m2 2006 [38]
Yunnan Province Lancang River 105abbr=onNaNabbr=on Gravity 120000000m2 2011 [39]
Guizhou Province Wu River 232.5m (762.8feet) Arch 6451000000m2 2009
Sichuan Province Yalong River 168m (551feet) Gravity 760000000m2 2012 [40]
Yunnan Province Beipan River 200.5m (657.8feet) Gravity 3254000000m2 2004 [41]
Yunnan/Sichuan Province 159m (522feet) Gravity 2072000000m2 2014 [42]
Hubei Province 120m (390feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 138000000m2 1999
Henan Province 125m (410feet) Gravity 1175000000m2 1995
Changhe River 57.9m (190feet) Embankment 2390000000m2 1976 [43]
Guizhou Province 179.5m (588.9feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 4947000000m2 2005 [44]
Fujian Province Huotong River 130m (430feet) Gravity 449700000m2 2008
Jilin Province Second Songhua River 46m (151feet) Gravity1630000000m2 1985 [45]
Guizhou Province Dadu River 223.5m (733.3feet) Embankment 662000000m2 2017 (?) [46]
Yunnan Province 203m (666feet) Gravity 1613000000m2 2018 (?) [47]
Hubei Province 107m (351feet) Gravity 1228000000m2 1976
Zhejiang Province 129m (423feet) 2067000000m2 1980
126m (413feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 1824000000m2 2007 [48]
Chongqing 139m (456feet) Arch 497000000m2 2003 [49]
Hubei Province 221m (725feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 1366000000m2 2012 [50]
Hunan Province Loushui River 131m (430feet) Gravity 1740000000m2 2000 [51]
Xinjiang 146.3m (480feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 232000000m2 2013 [52]
Xinjiang 157m (515feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 2530000000m2 2005 [53]
Yunnan Province 160m (530feet) Gravity 847000000m2 2010 [54]
Yunnan Province Lancang River 108m (354feet) Gravity 249000000m2 2008 [55]
Shaanxi Province 130m (430feet) Embankment 200000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2002 [56]
Sichuan Province 305m (1,001feet) Arch 7700000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2013 [57]
Sichuan Province 37m (121feet) Gravity 14200000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2012
Longquan Creek 102m (335feet) Arch 13930000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1988
Qinghai Province Yellow River101m (331feet) Gravity 263500000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2010 [58]
Gansu Province 136.5m (447.8feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 94300000m2 2008
Yunnan Province 95m (312feet) Gravity 174000000m2 2008 [59]
Sichuan Province Muli River 171m (561feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 375000000m2 2014 [60]
Qinghai Province Yellow River250abbr=onNaNabbr=on Arch 1079000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2009 [61]
Sichuan Province 295m (968feet) Arch 10770000000m2 2021 [62]
71.8m (235.6feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 4180000000m2 1996 [63]
Qinghai Province Yellow River155m (509feet) Arch-gravity 1650000000m2 1997 [64]
Gansu Province Yellow River147m (482feet) Gravity 4240000000m2 1969 [65]
Guangdong Province 78m (256feet) Arch 325000000m2 1958 [66]
Yunnan Province 155m (509feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 727000000m2 2014 [67]
Sichuan Province Muli River 132m (433feet) Arch 186900000m2 2015 [68]
Yunnan Province Long River 110m (360feet) Arch 1217000000m2 2010 [69]
Yunnan Province 119m (390feet) Gravity 544000000m2 2013 [70]
Yunnan Province 135m (443feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 590000000m2 2007
Gansu Province 146.5m (480.6feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 86200000m2 2004
Guangxi Hongshui River 216m (709feet) Gravity 27270000000m2 2009 [71]
2011 [72]
Qinghai Province Yellow River178m (584feet) Arch 24700000000m2 1992 [73]
Guizhou\Yunnan Provinces 101m (331feet) Embankment 110000000m2 1988
Yunnan Province 120m (390feet) Gravity 1718000000m2 2015 [74]
105.5m (346.1feet) Gravity 551000000m2 2011 [75]
211m (692feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 1482000000m2 2020 [76]
Yunnan Province 156m (512feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 546000000m2 2009
Yunnan Province Lancang River 132m (433feet) Gravity 920000000m2 1995 [77]
Sichuan Province 147m (482feet) Embankment 535000000m2 2011 [78]
113m (371feet) Gravity 1698000000m2 1999 [79]
Yunnan Province 139.8m (458.7feet) Embankment, rock-fill 660000000m2 2014 [80]
Henan Province 38.3m (125.7feet) Embankment 1340000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1955 [81]
41.5m (136.2feet) Embankment, rock-fill 8610000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2006
Hainan Province 90.5m (296.9feet) Gravity 778000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1982 [82]
Yunnan Province Lancang River 261.5m (857.9feet) Embankment, rock-fill 21749000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2014 [83]
158abbr=onNaNabbr=on Embankment, rock-fill 1170000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2013 [84]
107.5m (352.7feet) Gravity 2930000000m2 1984
114m (374feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 1970000000m2 2012 [85]
Chongqing Wu River 116.5m (382.2feet) Arch 518000000m2 2008 [86]
Xinjiang 70.6m (231.6feet) Embankment, rock-fill 282000000m2 2001 [87]
Sichuan Province Dadu River 186m (610feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 5390000000m2 2010 [88]
Sichuan Province 123m (404feet) Embankment, rock-fill 214000000m2 2009 [89]
Sichuan Province 164.2m (538.7feet) Embankment, rock-fill 132600000m2 2017 (?) [90]
Sichuan Province 60m (200feet) Embankment, rock-fill 112000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2007 [91]
Guizhou Province 185.5m (608.6feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 4094000000m2 2006
Yellow River106m (348feet) Gravity 16200000000m2 1960 [92]
Sichuan Province 130m (430feet) Arch 3135000000m2 2006 [93]
Guizhou Province Wu River 156m (512feet) Arch 631000000m2 2009 [94]
Guizhou Province 134.5m (441.3feet) Gravity 321500000m2 2010 [95]
Yunnan Province 116m (381feet) Arch 197000000m2 2010
Wenyu River 29m (95feet) Embankment 59000000m2 1995 [96]
114m (374feet) Embankment 147000000m2 1969
Sichuan Province Dadu River 312m (1,024feet) Embankment, rock-fill 3135000000m2 2020 [97]
Hubei Province Qing River 233m (764feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 4580000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2008 [98]
106m (348feet) Gravity 14600000000m2 1941 [99]
Fujian Province 101m (331feet) Gravity 2600000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1996 [100]
Guizhou Province Wu River 117m (384feet) Gravity 1205000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2008 [101]
Yunnan Province Sinan River 115m (377feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 270000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2008 [102]
Hainan Province 80.7m (264.8feet) Embankment, earth-fill 3070000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1969 [103]
Guizhou Province Wu River 121m (397feet) Gravity 201200000m2 2006
Liaoning Province 31.5m (103.3feet) Gravity 100000000m2 1987 [104]
Zhejiang Province 162m (531feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 4190000000m2 2008 [105]
Chongqing Dragon River 127m (417feet) Arch 193000000m2 2006
Hubei Province 181m (594feet) Gravity 39300000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2008 [106]
113m (371feet) 65700000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2011 [107]
Zhejiang Province 72m (236feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 6770000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2004 [108]
178m (584feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 10257000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2000 [109]
Guizhou/Guangxi Province Nanpan River 58.7m (192.6feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 26000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1997 [110]
Sichuan Province 116m (381feet) Gravity 4067000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2014 [111]
Yunnan Province 59.2m (194.2feet) Gravity 88000000m2 2008
Shaanxi Province Yellow River105m (344feet) Gravity 896000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1998 [112]
Sichuan Province 138m (453feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 545000000m2 2007
Jilin Province 55m (180feet) Gravity 626000000m2 1987 [113]
Sichuan/Yunnan Province 270m (890feet) Compound Arch 7600000000m2 2020 [114]
Sichuan Province 120m (390feet) Gravity 572000000m2 2008 [115]
Guizhou Province Wu River 165m (541feet) Arch-gravity 2300000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1979 [116]
Yunnan Province 137.5m (451.1feet) Gravity 272000000m2 2018 (?) [117]
Xinjiang 138m (453feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 347000000m2 2001
Hunan Province 87.5m (287.1feet) Gravity 4350000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1996 [118]
Yunnan/Sichuan Provinces 161m (528feet) Embankment, rock-fill 5163000000m2 2012 [119]
Henan Province Yellow River154m (505feet) Embankment, rock-fill 12800000000m2 2000 [120]
Yunnan Province Lancang River 292m (958feet) Arch 15000000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2010 [121]
Yunnan Province 285.5m (936.7feet) Arch 12670000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2013 [122]
Zheijang Province Qiantang River 108m (354feet) Gravity 22000000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1959 [123]
Guangdong Province 105m (344feet) Gravity 13900000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1962 [124]
Xinjiang 40.5m (132.9feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 50000000m2 1996 [125]
Qinghai Province 150m (490feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 1472000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2016 (?)[126]
Guangdong Province 110m (360feet) Gravity 2612000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 1995 [127]
Yunnan Province 88m (289feet) Concrete-face rock-fill247000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2006 [128]
Sichuan Province 124.5m (408.5feet) Embankment 298000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2006 [129]
Guizhou Province 134.5m (441.3feet) Concrete-face rock-fill 455000000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2003 [130]
Chongqing 78.5m (257.5feet) Gravity 320000000m2 2011 [131]
Hunan Province 96m (315feet) Arch57800000abbr=onNaNabbr=on 2005 [132]
Jilin Province 113.75m (373.2feet) Gravity 3895000000m2 1965
116m (381feet) Gravity Unknown 2015 [133]
Zhelin River 72.5m (237.9feet) Embankment, earth-fill7900000000m21972 [134]
104m (341feet) Gravity 3656000000m2 1962
50m (160feet) Embankment, rock-fill 225000000m2 2007 [135]
Sichuan Province 156m (512feet) Concrete-face rock-fill1120000000m22006 [136]

See also

External links

Notes and References

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  2. Web site: Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision-Making. World Commission on Dams. 30 November 2011. 2000. https://web.archive.org/web/20111120150840/http://hqweb.unep.org/dams/WCD/report/WCD_DAMS%20report.pdf. 20 November 2011. dead. dmy-all.
  3. Web site: State of the Art Dam Construction in China. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research. 24 August 2011.
  4. Book: Narasaiah, M. Lakshmi. Microcredit and agricultural development. 2007. Discovery Publ. House. New Delhi. 978-81-8356-247-8. 77. 1..
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  6. Web site: China's highest dams. Chinese National Committee on Large Dams. 24 August 2011.
  7. Web site: China aims to increase hydropower 50 percent by 2015. BusinessGreen. 24 August 2011. 6 September 2010.
  8. Web site: Cai. Jie. Hydropower in China. University of Gavle. 24 August 2011. September 2009.
  9. Book: John S.Y.. Tan. Martin . Wieland . Qingwen . Ren . New developments in dam engineering. 2004. Balkema. London. 978-0-415-36240-5. 975–979.
  10. http://www.iwhr.com/zswwenglish/AboutIWHR/Introduction/a310402index_1.htm About IWHR: Introduction
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  29. Web site: Middle Route Project (MRP). NSBD. 31 January 2011. 30 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131030191711/http://www.nsbd.gov.cn/zx/english/mrp.htm. dead.
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  38. Web site: Wang Junli Wu Zengmou. ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE FACED ROCKFILL DAM OF GONGBOXIA HYDROPOWER PROJECT ON THE YELLOW RIVER. Chinese National Committee on Large Dams. 8 January 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120315034751/http://www.chincold.org.cn/zt/learning/gongboxiaee.doc. 15 March 2012.
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  41. Web site: Guangzhao Hydropower Project. Chinese National Committee on Large Dams. 8 January 2011.
  42. Web site: Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. Datang Guanyinyan. China CDT. 9 January 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202192832/http://www.china-cdt.com/aboutdatang/memberenterprise/yunnancompany/42694.html. 2 February 2014.
  43. Web site: http://www.ahsl.gov.cn/websites/style1/slnj_view.php?id=2153. Anqing City's Huating Lake Hydro-electric Power Station. zh:安庆市花凉亭水电站. zh. Anhui Water Conservancy Bureau. March 18, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110707031442/http://www.ahsl.gov.cn/websites/style1/slnj_view.php?id=2153. July 7, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
  44. Web site: Hongjiadu Hydropower Project. Chinese National Committee on Large Dams. 8 January 2011.
  45. Web site: Hongshi Station . . 24 January 2012 . zh . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120522233904/http://1j.sinohydro.com/project_success_Details.aspx?Pid=97 . 22 May 2012 .
  46. Web site: Houziyan Dadu Hydropower Project . Ganzi . 26 February 2011 . zh . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110707043932/http://www.gzjdb.cn/yjss/sxdd/200701/472.html . 7 July 2011 .
  47. Web site: http://news.bjx.com.cn/html/20130930/462966.shtml . Huang Teng Hydropower Project in Yunnan Province in mid-November closure . zh:云南黄登水电站工程计划于11月中旬截流 . Polaris Power Network News . 30 September 2013 . 16 June 2014 . zh.
  48. Web site: http://www.fjsen.com/zt/2009-04/22/content_692541.htm . Fujian Station street full completion of key projects . zh:福建重点工程街面水电站全面建成 . Fujian Southeast News . 22 April 2009 . 16 June 2014 . zh . 27 April 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090427104613/http://www.fjsen.com/zt/2009-04/22/content_692541.htm . dead .
  49. Web site: Jiangkou Hydropower Project. Yangtze River Yangtze River Water Resources Commission. 23 August 2011. zh. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110901035612/http://www.cjwsjy.com.cn/gcyg/20050801519.htm. 1 September 2011.
  50. Web site: China's highest CFRDs. Chinese National Committee on Large Dams. 8 January 2011.
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