Atlantogenata Explained

Atlantogenata ("born round the Atlantic Ocean") is a proposed clade (magnorder) of placental mammals containing the cohorts or superorders Xenarthra and Afrotheria. These groups originated and radiated in the South American and African continents, respectively, presumably in the Cretaceous. Together with Boreoeutheria, they make up Placentalia. The monophyly of this grouping is supported by some genetic evidence.^{[1] [2]}

Alternative hypotheses are that Boreoeutheria and Afrotheria combine to form Epitheria (as generally supported by anatomical and other physiological evidence) or that Boreoeutheria and Xenarthra combine to form Exafroplacentalia or Notolegia.^[3]

Updated analysis of transposable element insertions around the time of divergence strongly supports the fourth hypothesis of a near-concomitant origin (trifurcation) of the three superorders of mammals: Afrotheria, Boreoeutheria, and Xenarthra.^{[4] [5]}

Below shows the phylogeny of the extant atlantogenate families.

References

Further reading

• Nikolaev . Sergey. Montoya-Burgos . Juan I.. Margulies . Elliott H.. NISC Comparative Sequencing Program. Rougemont . Jacques. Nyffeler . Bruno. Antonarakis . Stylianos E.. 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030002 . Early History of Mammals is Elucidated with the ENCODE Multiple Species Sequencing Data . PLoS Genetics. 3 . 1 . e2 . 2007 . 17206863. 1761045. free.
• Springer . Mark S.. Murphy . William J.. Eizirik . Eduardo. O'Brien . Stephen J.. Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary . 10.1073/pnas.0334222100 . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 . 3 . 1056–1061 . 2003 . 12552136. 298725. 2003PNAS..100.1056S. free.
• Waddell. Peter J.. Kishino. Hirohisa. Ota. Rissa. A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics. Genome Informatics. 12. 141–154. 2001. 11791233. 2015-08-27. 2019-07-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20190710063147/https://www.jsbi.org/pdfs/journal1/GIW01/GIW01F15.html. dead.
• Wildman . Derek E.. Chen . Caoyi. Erez . Offer. Grossman . Lawrence I.. Goodman . Morris. Romero . Roberto. Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis . 10.1073/pnas.0511344103 . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 . 9 . 3203–3208 . 2006 . 16492730. 1413940. 2006PNAS..103.3203W. free.

Notes and References

1. Waddell . Peter J.. Okada . Norohiro. Hasegawa . Masami. 10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1 . Towards Resolving the Interordinal Relationships of Placental Mammals . . 48 . 1 . 1–5 . 1999 . 12078634. free .
2. Murphy . W.J. . Pringle . T.H. . Crider . T.A. . Springer . M.S. . Miller . W. . 2007 . Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny . . 17 . 4. 413–421 . 10.1101/gr.5918807 . 17322288 . 1832088.
3. Wildman . Derek E.. Chen . Caoyi. Erez . Offer. Grossman . Lawrence I.. Goodman . Morris. Romero . Roberto. Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis . 10.1073/pnas.0511344103 . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 . 9 . 3203–3208 . 2006 . 16492730. 1413940. 2006PNAS..103.3203W. free.
4. Nishihara . H. . Maruyama . S. . Okada . N. . 10.1073/pnas.0809297106 . Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence of the three superorders of mammals . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 106 . 13 . 5235–40 . 2009 . 19286970. 2655268. 2009PNAS..106.5235N . free .
5. Churakov . G.. Kriegs . J. O.. Baertsch . R.. Zemann . A.. Brosius . J. R.. Schmitz . J. R.. 10.1101/gr.090647.108 . Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals . Genome Research. 19 . 5 . 868–875 . 2009 . 19261842. 2675975.