Al-'Ulmaniyya Explained

Al-'Ulmaniyya
Native Name:العلمانية
Native Name Lang:ar
Other Name:'Ulmaniya, al[1]
Settlement Type:Village
Etymology:Kh. ’Almânîyeh, the ruin of ’Almânîyeh[2]
Pushpin Map:Mandatory Palestine
Pushpin Mapsize:200
Coordinates:33.0733°N 35.5867°W
Grid Name:Palestine grid
Grid Position:205/275
Subdivision Type:Geopolitical entity
Subdivision Name:Mandatory Palestine
Subdivision Type1:Subdistrict
Subdivision Name1:Safad
Established Title1:Date of depopulation
Established Date1:April 20, 1948
Established Title2:Repopulated dates
Unit Pref:dunam
Area Total Dunam:1,169
Population As Of:1945
Population Total:260[3] [4]
Blank Name Sec1:Cause(s) of depopulation
Blank Info Sec1:Military assault by Yishuv forces

Al-'Ulmaniyya was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 20, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 14.5 km northeast of Safad.

History

In 1596 it appeared in the Ottoman tax registers, as being in the nahiyah ("subdistrict") of Jira, part of the Liwa ("district") of Safad. It had a population of 8 Households and 2 bachelors; an estimated 55 persons, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, vegetable and fruit garden, orchards, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and water buffaloes; a total of 2,559 Akçe. All of the revenue went to a Waqf.[5] [6] [7]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine noted at Kh. Almaniyeh: "A few cattle-sheds and traces of ruins".[8]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Almaniyeh had a population of 122 Muslims,[9] increasing in the 1931 census, when it was counted together with Zubeid, to 432; 5 Christians and 427 Muslims, in a total of 100 houses.[10]

In the 1945 statistics the village had a population of 260 Muslims[3] with 1,169 dunams of land.[4] Of this, 1,135 dunams were used for cereals,[11] while the built-up areas of the village amounted to 9 dunams.[12]

1948, aftermath

Al-'Ulmaniyya became depopulated on April 20, 1948, after a military assault by Yishuv forces.[1] [13]

Yesud ha-Ma’ala is 2.5 km southeast of the village site.[14]

In 1992 the village site was described: "The site is thickly wooded with eucalyptus trees, making it difficult to discern any remains of the village. Work is proceeding on street construction for Lake al-Hula's nature preservation area. Some of the surrounding lands are cultivated, but most have either been made part of the preservation area or are marshland."[14]

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Morris, 2004, p. xvi, village #30. Also gives cause of depopulation.
  2. Palmer, 1881, p. 82
  3. Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 11
  4. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 71
  5. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p.178
  6. Khalidi, 1992, p. 501
  7. Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
  8. Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 235
  9. Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Safad, p. 42
  10. Mills, 1932, p. 111
  11. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 121
  12. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 171
  13. Morris, 2004, p. 249, note #684, p. 302
  14. Khalidi, 1992, p. 502

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