Zyxin Explained

Zyxin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZYX gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

Focal adhesions are actin-rich structures that enable cells to adhere to the extracellular matrix and at which protein complexes involved in signal transduction assemble. Zyxin is a zinc-binding phosphoprotein that concentrates at focal adhesions and along the actin cytoskeleton. Zyxin has an N-terminal proline-rich domain and three LIM domains in its C-terminal half. The proline-rich domain may interact with SH3 domains of proteins involved in signal transduction pathways while the LIM domains are likely involved in protein-protein binding. Zyxin may function as a messenger in the signal transduction pathway that mediates adhesion-stimulated changes in gene expression and may modulate the cytoskeletal organization of actin bundles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same isoform.^[3]

Interactions

Zyxin has been shown to interact with:

• Actinin, alpha 1^{[4] [5]}
• ENAH,^{[6] [7]}
• LASP1,^[8]
• LATS1,^[9] and
• Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein.^{[7] [10]}

Further reading

• Reinhard M, Jouvenal K, Tripier D, Walter U . Identification, purification, and characterization of a zyxin-related protein that binds the focal adhesion and microfilament protein VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 92 . 17 . 7956–60 . 1995 . 7644520 . 41265 . 10.1073/pnas.92.17.7956 . 1995PNAS...92.7956R . free .
• Wang LF, Miao SY, Zong SD, Bai Y, Koide SS . Gene encoding a mammalian epididymal protein . Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. . 34 . 6 . 1131–6 . 1995 . 7696985 .
• Hobert O, Schilling JW, Beckerle MC, Ullrich A, Jallal B . SH3 domain-dependent interaction of the proto-oncogene product Vav with the focal contact protein zyxin . Oncogene . 12 . 7 . 1577–81 . 1996 . 8622875 .
• Kotake K, Ozaki N, Mizuta M, Sekiya S, Inagaki N, Seino S . Noc2, a putative zinc finger protein involved in exocytosis in endocrine cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 47 . 29407–10 . 1997 . 9367993 . 10.1074/jbc.272.47.29407 . free .
• Zumbrunn J, Trueb B . Assignment of the ZYX gene for the LIM protein zyxin to human chromosome bands 7q34→q35 by in situ hybridization . Cytogenet. Cell Genet. . 81 . 3–4 . 283–4 . 1998 . 9730620 . 10.1159/000015047 . 46778049 .
• Yang JX, Miao SY, Wu YW, Zhang Z, Zong SD, Wang LF, Koide SS . Gene encoding a human testis Sertoli cell component related to LIM domain protein . Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. . 46 . 1 . 11–9 . 1998 . 9784834 . 10.1080/15216549800203502. 6735908 . free .
• Reinhard M, Zumbrunn J, Jaquemar D, Kuhn M, Walter U, Trueb B . An alpha-actinin binding site of zyxin is essential for subcellular zyxin localization and alpha-actinin recruitment . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 19 . 13410–8 . 1999 . 10224105 . 10.1074/jbc.274.19.13410 . free .
• Drees B, Friederich E, Fradelizi J, Louvard D, Beckerle MC, Golsteyn RM . Characterization of the interaction between zyxin and members of the Ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein family of proteins . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 29 . 22503–11 . 2000 . 10801818 . 10.1074/jbc.M001698200 . free .
• Hirota T, Morisaki T, Nishiyama Y, Marumoto T, Tada K, Hara T, Masuko N, Inagaki M, Hatakeyama K, Saya H . Zyxin, a Regulator of Actin Filament Assembly, Targets the Mitotic Apparatus by Interacting with H-Warts/Lats1 Tumor Suppressor . J. Cell Biol. . 149 . 5 . 1073–86 . 2000 . 10831611 . 2174824 . 10.1083/jcb.149.5.1073 .
• Smolenski A, Poller W, Walter U, Lohmann SM . Regulation of human endothelial cell focal adhesion sites and migration by cGMP-dependent protein kinase I . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 33 . 25723–32 . 2000 . 10851246 . 10.1074/jbc.M909632199 . free .
• Harbeck B, Hüttelmaier S, Schluter K, Jockusch BM, Illenberger S . Phosphorylation of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein regulates its interaction with actin . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 40 . 30817–25 . 2000 . 10882740 . 10.1074/jbc.M005066200 . free .
• Schenker T, Trueb B . BSPRY, a novel protein of the Ro-Ret family . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1493 . 1–2 . 255–8 . 2000 . 10978534 . 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00167-6 .
• Li B, Trueb B . Analysis of the alpha-actinin/zyxin interaction . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 36 . 33328–35 . 2001 . 11423549 . 10.1074/jbc.M100789200 . free.
• Degenhardt YY, Silverstein S . Interaction of Zyxin, a Focal Adhesion Protein, with the E6 Protein from Human Papillomavirus Type 6 Results in Its Nuclear Translocation . J. Virol. . 75 . 23 . 11791–802 . 2001 . 11689660 . 114765 . 10.1128/JVI.75.23.11791-11802.2001 .
• Yi J, Kloeker S, Jensen CC, Bockholt S, Honda H, Hirai H, Beckerle MC . Members of the Zyxin family of LIM proteins interact with members of the p130Cas family of signal transducers . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 11 . 9580–9 . 2002 . 11782456 . 10.1074/jbc.M106922200 . free .
• van der Gaag EJ, Leccia MT, Dekker SK, Jalbert NL, Amodeo DM, Byers HR . Role of zyxin in differential cell spreading and proliferation of melanoma cells and melanocytes . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 118 . 2 . 246–54 . 2002 . 11841540 . 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01657.x . free .

External links

• Zyxin Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway

Notes and References

1. Zumbrunn J, Trueb B . A zyxin-related protein whose synthesis is reduced in virally transformed fibroblasts . Eur J Biochem . 241 . 2 . 657–63 . January 1997 . 8917469 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00657.x . free .
2. Macalma T, Otte J, Hensler ME, Bockholt SM, Louis HA, Kalff-Suske M, Grzeschik KH, von der Ahe D, Beckerle MC . Molecular characterization of human zyxin . J Biol Chem . 271 . 49 . 31470–8 . January 1997 . 8940160 . 10.1074/jbc.271.49.31470 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: ZYX zyxin.
4. Reinhard M, Zumbrunn J, Jaquemar D, Kuhn M, Walter U, Trueb B . An alpha-actinin binding site of zyxin is essential for subcellular zyxin localization and alpha-actinin recruitment . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 19 . 13410–8 . May 1999 . 10224105 . 10.1074/jbc.274.19.13410. free .
5. Li B, Trueb B . Analysis of the alpha-actinin/zyxin interaction . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 36 . 33328–35 . September 2001 . 11423549 . 10.1074/jbc.M100789200 . free.
6. Tani K, Sato S, Sukezane T, Kojima H, Hirose H, Hanafusa H, Shishido T . Abl interactor 1 promotes tyrosine 296 phosphorylation of mammalian enabled (Mena) by c-Abl kinase . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 24 . 21685–92 . June 2003 . 12672821 . 10.1074/jbc.M301447200 . free .
7. Drees B, Friederich E, Fradelizi J, Louvard D, Beckerle MC, Golsteyn RM . Characterization of the interaction between zyxin and members of the Ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein family of proteins . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 29 . 22503–11 . July 2000 . 10801818 . 10.1074/jbc.M001698200 . free .
8. Li B, Zhuang L, Trueb B . Zyxin interacts with the SH3 domains of the cytoskeletal proteins LIM-nebulette and Lasp-1 . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 19 . 20401–10 . May 2004 . 15004028 . 10.1074/jbc.M310304200 . free .
9. Hirota T, Morisaki T, Nishiyama Y, Marumoto T, Tada K, Hara T, Masuko N, Inagaki M, Hatakeyama K, Saya H . Zyxin, a regulator of actin filament assembly, targets the mitotic apparatus by interacting with h-warts/LATS1 tumor suppressor . J. Cell Biol. . 149 . 5 . 1073–86 . May 2000 . 10831611 . 2174824 . 10.1083/jcb.149.5.1073.
10. Harbeck B, Hüttelmaier S, Schluter K, Jockusch BM, Illenberger S . Phosphorylation of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein regulates its interaction with actin . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 40 . 30817–25 . October 2000 . 10882740 . 10.1074/jbc.M005066200 . free .