| Zeng Xisheng | |
| Native Name Lang: | zh-hans |
| Office: | Second Secretary of the East China Bureau |
| Term Start: | February 1962 |
| Term End: | August 1965 |
| Office1: | Secretary of the Southwest China Bureau |
| Term Start1: | August 1965 |
| Term End1: | Unknown |
| Office2: | First Secretary of Anhui |
| Term Start2: | January 1952 |
| Term End2: | February 1962 |
| Predecessor2: | Office established |
| Successor2: | Li Baohua |
| Office3: | First Secretary of Shandong |
| Term Start3: | 1960 |
| Term End3: | 1962 |
| Predecessor3: | Shu Tong |
| Successor3: | Tan Qilong |
| Office4: | Chairman of Anhui |
| Term Start4: | August 1952 |
| Term End4: | March 1955 |
| Predecessor4: | Office established |
| Successor4: | Huang Yan |
| Birthname: | Chen Shaoyu |
| Birth Date: | 11 October 1904 |
| Birth Place: | Zixing, Hunan, Qing dynasty |
| Death Place: | Beijing |
| Occupation: | Politician |
| Spouse: | Meng Qingshu |
| Party: | Chinese Communist Party |
Zeng Xisheng (October 11, 1904 – July 15, 1968) was a Chinese politician. He was born in Xingning, Hunan Province (now Zixing, Hunan Province). He was the first Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Anhui Province and also its 1st governor after the founding of the People's Republic of China. He was the 5th Communist Party Secretary of Shandong Province.
Zeng was a proponent of the Great Leap Forward, but as Anhui became one of the first provinces to sink into famine, Zeng in 1961 allowed for farmers to rent land for private use, like growing crops. The land was recollectivized in the following years. In 1962 he was criticized during Seven Thousand Cadres Conference and replaced by Li Baohua and transferred out of Anhui to take on the office of Second Secretary of the Southeast Bureau.[1] [2] He died in 1968 during the Cultural Revolution, as his prior actions had been considered anti-revolutionary.