[1] was an American theologian and writer. He held a doctorate in sociology from the University of Chicago and was a faculty member of the Chicago Theological Seminary. He is credited with beginning the scholarly discussion on how to define and measure religious commitment.[2] Some of his works include The ministry in transition: a case study of theological education (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1972) and The fragmented layman; an empirical study of lay attitudes (Pilgrim Press, 1970, co-author).[3] Some of his academic roles performed during his career include Director of Researchfor the United Church of Christ,[4] chair of the membership committee for the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion.[5] He is the father of political scientist Francis Fukuyama.