Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia explained

Research into the predominant human Y-DNA haplogroups of Central Asia and North Asia, broken down according to both individual publications and ethnolinguistic groups, are summarized in the table below.

The first two columns of the table list ethnicity and linguistic affiliations, the third column cites the total sample size in each study, and the adjoining columns give the percentage of each haplogroup or subclade found sample in a particular sample.

List

			Haplogroups (values in percent)
Population	Language	n	C			K*[1] (xNO,P)			O (xO2)				R1b/R1*		Others	Reference
Altaians	Turkic	98	22.4	0			3.0				17.3	46.9	0			Tambets 2004[2]
Altaians	Turkic	92	13.0	2.2	2.2	0	7.6			28.3		41.3	1.1		D = 3	Derenko 2005[3]
Altaians (northern)	Turkic	50		0	2		10					38	6			Kharkov 07[4]
Altaians (southern)	Turkic	96	3	2.1	4.2	5.2	11.5	7.3		1	4.2	53.1	1		E = 1	Kharkov 2007
Buryats	Mongolic	238	63.9	0.4	0	8.8	20.2			1.7	1.7	2.1	0.8		G = 0.4	Derenko 2005
Chukchis	Chukotkan	24	4.2	0	0	0	54.3	0		5	20.8	15.7	0	0	0	Lell 2001[5]
Dolgans	Turkic	67	37.3	1.5			34.1					16.4	1.5			Tambets 2004
Dungans	Sino-Tibetan	40		2.5	12.5	2.5	2.5	40	5	0	7.5	10	5	5	F(xIJ) = 5	Wells 2001[6]
Evens	Tungusic	31	74.2	3.2			12.9				0	6.5	0			Tambets 2004
Evenks	Tungusic	96	67.7	5.2			19.8				4.2	1	0			Tambets 2004
Itelmens	Kamchatkan	18	24	0	0	0	65	0		0	6	5	0	0	0	Lell 2001
Kalmyks	Mongolic	68	70.6	0	0	4.4	2.9			11.8		5.9	2.9		L = 1.5	Derenko 2005
Karakalpaks	Turkic	44	22.7	0	9.1	6.8	2.3	11.4		0	0	18.2	9.1	6.8	F(xIJ) = 9, L = 5	Wells 2001
Kazakhs	Turkic	54	66.7	0	0	0	1.9	9.3		5.6	0	3.7	5.6	1.9	D = 2, F(xIJ) = 2	Wells 2001
Kazakhs	Turkic	30	40		13.3	10		10		3.3			6.7		F(xIJ) = 17	Karafet 2001[7]
Kazakhs (more)	Turkic	1982	40	1	8		7	8	0		2	7	6	1		Maksat 2017[8]
Kazakhs (Altai Republic)	Turkic	119	59.7 (C3)	0	4.2	0	0	26.1		0	0.8	0.8	2.5	0	G = 5, T = 0.8	Dulik 2011[9]
Kets	Yeniseian	48	6.2	0	0	0	0	0			93.7	0	0	0	0	Tambets 2004
Khakas	Turkic	53	5.7	3.8	0	5.7	41.5			7.6		28.3	7.6			Derenko 2005
Khants	Uralic	47	0	0	0	0	76.60% (36/47)	0		0	0	4.26% (2/47)	19.15% (9/47)	0	0	Tambets 2004
Koryaks	Chukotkan	27	22.2	0	0	0	59.2	0		18.6	0	0	0	0	0	Lell 2001
Kyrgyz	Turkic	52	13.5	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	5.8	1.9	0	63.5	1.9	0	O1 = 5.8	Wells 2001
Mongolians	Mongolic	65	53.8		3.1	1.5	10.8	10.8	1.5	4.6		9.2			D = 1.5, O2 = 1.5	Xue 2006[10]
Nenets	Uralic	148	0	0			97.30% (144/148)				1.35% (2/148)	0	0			Tambets 2004
Nganasans	Uralic	38	5.26% (2/38)	0			92.11% (35/38)					0	0			Tambets 2004
Nivkhs	Nivkh (isolate)	17	47							35						Lell 2001
Pashtun(Afghan)	Indo-European	87	1.1	0	5	0	0	0	2.2	0	2.2	56			L = 6 G=13	Cristofaro2013
Romanis (Uzbekistan)	Indo-European	15	0	0	20	0	0	7		0	0	0	0	53	H = 13	Wells 2001
Selkups	Uralic	131	1.5	0			6.9				66.4	19.1	6.1			Tambets 2004
Shors	Turkic	51	2	0	0	0	15.7	0		2	0	58.8	19.6	0	F(xIJ) = 2	Derenko 2005
Tajiks	Indo-European	38	2.6	0	18.4	0	0	0		0	0	44.7	0	7.9	L = 8, H = 5, E = 3	Wells 2001
Teleuts	Turkic	47	8.5	4.3	2.1	0	10.6			0		55.3	12.8		F(xIJ) = 6.4%	Derenko 2005
Tofalars	Turkic	32	6.3	3.1	0	3.1	59.4	0		3.1	0	12.5	12.5	0	0	Derenko 2005
Turkmens	Turkic	30	0	0	17	13	0	0		10	0	7	37	3	F(xIJ) = 13 [11] [12]	Wells 2001
Tuvans	Turkic	113	7.1	0.9	0	8.9	23.9			35.4		17.7			G = 0.9; F(xIJ) = 3.5	Derenko 2005
Tuvans	Turkic	108									38.0		1.9 (R-M73)	0		Malyarchuk 2011[13]
Uyghurs	Turkic	70	4.3		11.4	7.1	8.6	11.4		(see "Others")	(see "Others")	18.6	(see "Others")	(see "Others")	P(xR1a) = 17.1	Xue 2006
Uyghurs	Turkic	67	7.5		10.4		6.0	10.5			3.0	(see "Others")	(see "Others")	(see "Others")	D3 = 4.5, G = 4.5, L = 4.5, R = 46.3	Hammer 2005[14]
Uyghurs	Turkic	187 (four samples)	5.3	0.35	15.7		5.0	(see "Others")	16.2		6.78	21.6	6.7	2.6	D = 3.75, E= 2.1, G = 1.5, H = 3.15, L = 3.8, O(xO3) = 16.2, T = 0.5	Zhong 2010[15]
Uzbeks	Turkic	366	11.5	2.2	13.4	6.8	1.4	4.1		5.5	0	25.1	9.8	2.2	F(xIJK) = 7.9, L = 3, E = 2, D = 2	Wells 2001
Yaghnobis	Indo-European	31	3	0	32	3	0	0		3	0	16	32	0	L = 10	Wells 2001
Yakuts	Turkic	155	3.2	1.3			88.4				0	1.9	1.9			Tambets 2004
Yukaghir	Yukaghir	13	31 (C3)	0	0	0	31	0		0	31	0	0	0	F(xIJ) = 8	Duggan 2013[16]
Yupik	Eskimo–Aleut	33	0				50.6	0		21.2	21.2	0				Lell 2001

See also

• Y-DNA haplogroups in Kazakh tribes
• Demography of Central Asia
• Indigenous peoples of Siberia
• Y-DNA haplogroups by population
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas

External links

• Y-DNA Ethnographic and Genographic Atlas and Open-Source Data Compilation

Notes and References

1. [Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)|K(xNO,P)]
2. Tambets, Kristiina et al. 2004, The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic “Outliers” Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes
3. Miroslava Derenko et al. 2005, Contrasting patterns of Y-chromosome variation in South Siberian populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan regions
4. Khar'kov . VN . Stepanov . VA . Medvedeva . OF . Spiridonova . MG . Voevoda . MI . Tadinova . VN . Puzyrev . VP . Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups . Genetika . 43 . 5 . 675–87 . 2007 . 17633562 . 10.1134/S1022795407050110. 566825 .
5. Lell, Jeffrey T. et al. 2001-2002, The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes
6. Wells, Spencer et al. 2001, The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity
7. Karafet Tatiana et al. 2001, Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes
8. Жабагин Максат Кизатович 2017, Анализ Связи Полиморфизма Y-хромосомы И Родоплеменной Структуры В Казахской Популяции Диссертация, Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Учреждение, Науки Институт Общей Генетики Им. Н.И. Вавилова, Российской Академии Наук. Москва.
9. Dulik, Matthew C. et al. 2011, Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions
10. Xue, Yali et al. 2006 Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times
11. J D Cristofaro et al., 2013, "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge", http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0076748
12. Viola Grugni et al.,2012, "Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians", http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0041252.
13. Malyarchuk, Boris et al. 2011, Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a Journal of Human Genetics (2011) 56, 583–588
14. Michael F Hammer et al. 2005, Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes Journal of Human Genetics (2006) 51, 47–58; doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0
15. Hua Zhong et al., 2010, "Extended Y-chromosome investigation suggests post-Glacial migrations of modern humans into East Asia via the northern route", Mol Biol Evol, doi: 10.1093/molbev/msq247.
16. Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, et al. (2013) Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers PLoS ONE 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570