| William Caldwell Coleman | |
| Office: | Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland |
| Term Start: | 1948 |
| Term End: | 1955 |
| Predecessor: | Office established |
| Successor: | Roszel Cathcart Thomsen |
| Office1: | Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland |
| Term Start1: | April 6, 1927 |
| Term End1: | June 1, 1955 |
| Appointer1: | Calvin Coolidge |
| Predecessor1: | Seat established by 44 Stat. 1346 |
| Successor1: | Robert Dorsey Watkins |
| Birth Name: | William Caldwell Coleman |
| Birth Date: | 17 October 1884 |
| Birth Place: | Louisville, Kentucky |
| Death Place: | Baltimore, Maryland |
| Education: | Harvard University (AB, LLB) |
William Caldwell Coleman (October 17, 1884 – January 12, 1968) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland.
Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Coleman received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Harvard University in 1905 and a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1909. He was in private practice in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1909 to 1927. During this time, he was also an instructor at the University of Maryland Law School from 1914 to 1917, Secretary of the Maryland Educational Survey Committee in 1916, and was a Private in the United States Army during World War I in 1918.
Coleman received a recess appointment from President Calvin Coolidge on April 6, 1927, to the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, to a new seat authorized by 44 Stat. 1346. He was nominated to the same position by President Coolidge on December 6, 1927. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 19, 1927, and received his commission the same day. He served as Chief Judge from 1948 to 1955. His service terminated on June 1, 1955, due to his resignation.
Coleman died on January 12, 1968, in Baltimore.