Bill Ackman Explained

Bill Ackman
Birth Name:William Albert Ackman
Birth Date:1966 5, mf=yes[1]
Birth Place:Chappaqua, New York, U.S.
Education:Harvard University (BA, MBA)
Occupation:Hedge fund manager
Spouse:
Children:4[5]
Father:Lawrence D. Ackman
Website:pershingsquarecapital.com
Signature:Ackman Bill Signature 300dpi-1.png

William Albert Ackman (born May 11, 1966) is an American billionaire hedge fund manager who is the founder and chief executive officer of Pershing Square Capital Management, a hedge fund management company.[6] His investment approach has made him an activist investor.[7] [8] [9], Ackman's net worth was estimated at $9.3 billion by Forbes.[10]

Ackman is a prolific philanthropist and signatory of The Giving Pledge, committing to give away at least 50% of his wealth by the end of his life to charitable causes. As of 2024, he is one of the largest donors to Planned Parenthood.

A longtime donor to Democratic candidates and organizations, Ackman endorsed former President Donald Trump in the 2024 United States presidential election. Ackman has expressed public support for Israel's actions in the Israel–Hamas war and has demanded the publication of the names of Harvard students involved in signing a letter condemning statements from Israeli officials.

Early life and education

Ackman was raised in Chappaqua, New York, the son of Ronnie I. (née Posner) and Lawrence David Ackman, the former chairman of a New York real estate financing firm, Ackman-Ziff Real Estate Group.[11] [12] [13] He is of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.[14] [15]

In 1988, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree magna cum laude in social studies from Harvard College. His thesis was titled "Scaling the Ivy Wall: The Jewish and Asian American Experience in Harvard Admissions".[16] In 1992, he received a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard Business School.[17]

Career

Gotham Partners

In 1992, Ackman founded the investment firm Gotham Partners with fellow Harvard graduate David P. Berkowitz.[18] The firm made small investments in public companies. In 1995, Ackman partnered with the insurance and real estate firm Leucadia National to bid for Rockefeller Center. Although they did not win the deal, the bid generated interest in Gotham from investors: three years later, Gotham had $500 million in assets under management (AUM). By 2002, Gotham had become entrenched in litigation with various external shareholders who also owned an interest in the companies in which Gotham invested.

In 2002, Ackman researched MBIA in order to challenge Standard & Poor's AAA rating of its bonds. At a billed cost of more than $100,000, his law firm copied 725,000 pages of statements regarding the financial services company to comply with a subpoena.[19] Ackman called for a division between MBIA's structured finance business and its municipal bond insurance business.[20]

He argued that MBIA was legally restricted from trading billions of dollars of credit default swap protection that it had sold against various mortgage-backed collateralized debt obligations, and was using a second corporation, LaCrosse Financial Products, which MBIA described as an "orphaned transformer". Ackman bought credit default swaps against MBIA corporate debt and sold them for a large profit during the financial crisis of 2007–2008. He reported covering his short position on MBIA on January 16, 2009, according to the 13D filed with the SEC.[21]

In 2003, a feud developed between Ackman and Carl Icahn over a deal involving Hallwood Realty. They agreed to a "shmuck insurance" arrangement, under which, if Icahn were to sell the shares within 3 years and made a profit of 10% or more, he and Ackman would split the proceeds. Icahn paid $80 per share. In April 2004, HRPT Property Trust acquired Hallwood, paying $136.16 per share. Under the terms of the contract, Icahn owed Ackman and his investors about $4.5 million. Icahn refused to pay. Ackman sued. Eight years later, Icahn was forced to pay the $4.5 million plus 9% interest per year, by court order.[22]

Pershing Square Capital Management

In 2004, with $54 million from his personal funds and from his former business partner Leucadia National, Ackman started Pershing Square Capital Management.

In 2010 Pershing started buying J. C. Penney shares, paying an average of $22 for 39 million shares or 18% of J.C. Penney's stock. In August 2013, the two-year campaign to transform the department store came to an abrupt end when Ackman stepped down from the board following a disagreement with fellow board members.[23]

In January 2015, LCH Investments named Ackman one of the world's top 20 hedge fund managers after Pershing Square delivered $4.5 billion in net gains for investors in 2014, bringing the fund's lifetime gains to $11.6 billion since its launch in 2004 through 2014.[24] On April 27, 2016, Ackman, along with Valeant Pharmaceuticals' outgoing CEO, J. Michael Pearson, and the company's former interim CEO, Howard Schiller, testified before the United States Senate Special Committee on Aging.[25] The testifying panel answered questions related to the committee's concerns about repercussions to patients and the health care system posed by Valeant's business model and controversial pricing practices. Ackman opened his testimony saying, "As a shareholder of Valeant, I recognize my investment was an... endorsement of Valeant's strategy."[25] Ackman sold his remaining 27.2 million share position in Valeant to the investment bank Jefferies for about $300 million in March 2017. It has been estimated that the total cost of the position, including direct stock purchases and 9.1 million shares that were underlying stock options traded with Nomura Global Financial Products, was $4.6 billion, leading to a substantial loss.[26] [27]

In early 2024, Ackman aimed to raise $25 billion to take Pershing Square public. However, after securing only $2 billion, he decided to withdraw the IPO on August 1, 2024.[28] [29] He announced plans to relaunch a version of the fund with a new "transaction structure."[30]

Herbalife short

In December 2012, Ackman issued a research report that criticized Herbalife's multi-level marketing business model, calling it a pyramid scheme.[31] Ackman disclosed that his hedge fund, Pershing Square Capital Management, sold short the company's shares directly (not with derivatives) starting in May 2012, causing Herbalife's stock price to drop.

A few months after Ackman's initial comments, billionaire investor Carl Icahn challenged Ackman's comment in a public spat on national TV. Shortly thereafter, Icahn bought shares of Herbalife International. As Icahn continued to buy shares, the stock price continued to show strength.[32] By May 2013, Icahn owned 16.5% of the company.[33] That number had declined to 6.4% by November 2013.[34]

In 2014, Ackman spent $50 million on a public relations campaign against Herbalife.[35]

Former Representative Bob Barr (R-GA) called on Congress to investigate Ackman's use of public relations and regulatory pressure in his short campaign, and Harvey Pitt, a former chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), questioned whether Ackman aimed to move the price rather than spread the truth.[36] [37] In 2014, Senator Ed Markey wrote letters to federal regulators, including the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the SEC, demanding they open an investigation into Herbalife's business practices. The day the letters were released, the company's stock dropped 14%. Markey later told the Boston Globe that his staff had not informed him that Ackman stood to benefit financially from his actions and defended the letters as a matter of consumer rights.[38] The New York Times reported that Ackman had donated $32,000 to the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee on April 30, 2013, the same day Markey won the Democratic primary for the Senate special election in Massachusetts. The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee subsequently donated a significant sum to Markey's campaign just over a month later.[39]

In March 2014, The New York Times reported that Ackman had employed tactics to undermine public confidence in Herbalife to lower its stock price, including pressuring state and federal regulators to investigate the company, paying individuals to travel to and participate in rallies against it, and boosting Pershing Square's spending on donations to nonprofit Latino organizations. According to the article, groups such as the Hispanic Federation and the National Consumers League sent federal regulators numerous letters. "Each person contacted by The Times acknowledged in interviews that they wrote the letters after being lobbied by representatives from Pershing Square, or said they did not remember writing the letters at all. Mr. Ackman's team also then started to make payments totaling about $130,000 to some of these groups, including the Hispanic Federation — money he said was being used to help find victims of Herbalife."[37]

By December 2, 2014, stock prices had fallen nearly 50% to $42.08 from their January 8 high of $83.48.[40] Later that month, Pershing Square Capital released a 2005 Herbalife distributor training session, in which an employee described high turnover rates and implied that the company's business model was not sustainable.[41] [42] In an interview with Bloomberg, Ackman predicted that the company would experience an "implosion" in 2015 or early 2016, citing federal scrutiny and debt.[43]

On March 12, 2015, The Wall Street Journal reported that prosecutors in the Manhattan U.S. attorney's office and the FBI were investigating whether people hired by Ackman "made false statements about Herbalife's business model to regulators and others in order to spur investigations into the company and lower its stock price".[44] [45] In March 2015, U.S. District Judge Dale Fischer, in Los Angeles, California, dismissed a suit filed by Herbalife investors alleging the company is operating an illegal pyramid scheme. In response to Fischer's ruling, Herbalife stock rose approximately 13%.[46] Herbalife and the FTC reached a settlement agreement in July 2016, ending the agency's investigation into the company. On the day of the settlement, Fortune estimated that Ackman lost $500 million.[47]

Ackman's position on Herbalife led to a discussion on live television with Herbalife supporter Carl Icahn for nearly half an hour on CNBC on January 25, 2013.[48] [49] [50] During the segment, Icahn called Ackman "a crybaby in the schoolyard" and claimed that going public with his short position would eventually force Ackman into the "mother of all short squeezes". On November 22, 2013, Ackman admitted on Bloomberg Television that Pershing Square's open short position in Herbalife was "$400 million to $500 million" in the red, but that he wouldn't be squeezed out and would hold the short "to the end of the earth".[51]

In November 2017, Ackman told Reuters that he had covered his short-sell position, but would continue to bet against Herbalife using put options with no more than 3% of Pershing Square's funds.[52]

On February 28, 2018, Ackman exited his near billion-dollar bet against Herbalife after the company's stock price continued to rise.[53]

COVID-19 response

Ahead of the 2020 stock market crash, Ackman hedged Pershing Square's portfolio, investing $27 million to purchase credit protection, insuring the portfolio against steep market losses.[54] Pershing Square first disclosed the hedge on March 3, 2020. According to Reuters, "Ackman said hedging was preferable to selling off his portfolio of companies whose businesses are otherwise strong."[55] The hedge was effective, generating $2.6 billion in less than one month.[56]

On March 18, 2020, in a phone interview with CNBC, Ackman called upon President Donald Trump for a "30-day shutdown" of the American economy to slow the spread of coronavirus and minimize loss of life and ensuing economic destruction resulting from the shutdown.[57] Ackman warned that without intervention, hotel stocks were "going to zero" and said that America could "end as we know it". He also cautioned U.S. companies to stop stock buyback programs because "hell is coming".[58]

Ackman later received criticism for actively buying discounted equity stakes in the very companies he was warning could fail;[59] however, Ackman already had realized roughly half of the gains before appearing during the CNBC interview.[60]

In a November 2020 interview, Ackman said that he had grown concerned about COVID-19 because he had seen the film Contagion.[61]

Investment style

Ackman has said that his most successful investments have always been controversial, and that his first rule of activist investing is to "make a bold call that nobody believes in".[62]

His most notable market plays include shorting MBIA's bonds during the financial crisis of 2007–2008, his proxy fight with Canadian Pacific Railway,[63] [64] and his stakes in the Target Corporation, Valeant Pharmaceuticals,[65] and Chipotle Mexican Grill.[66] From 2012 to 2018, Ackman held a US$1 billion short against the nutrition company Herbalife, a company he has described as a pyramid scheme designed as a multi-level marketing firm.[67] His efforts were reported in the documentary film Betting on Zero.[68]

After weak performance in 2015–2018, Ackman told investors in January 2018 that he was going to go back to basics by cutting staff, ending investor visits that were eating into his time, and hunkering down in the office to do research. The next year, Pershing Square returned 58.1%, which Reuters says qualified it as "one of the world's best performing hedge funds" for 2019.[69]

Ackman has said that he admires short sellers such as Carson Block of Muddy Waters Capital and Andrew Left of Citron Research.[70]

Critics of Ackman have called him an oligarch, basing accusations on his use of market manipulation and use of his wealth to push for his own policy preferences, particularly with respect to Israel.[71] [72]

Philanthropy

Ackman is a signer of The Giving Pledge, committing to give away at least 50% of his wealth by the end of his life to charitable causes.[73] He has given to charitable causes such as the Center for Jewish History,[74] where he spearheaded a successful effort to retire $30 million in debt, personally contributing $6.8 million.[75] [76] The donation, along with those of Bruce Berkowitz, founder of Fairholme Capital Management, and Joseph Steinberg, president of Leucadia National, were the three largest individual gifts the center has ever received.[77] Ackman's foundation donated $1.1 million to the Innocence Project in New York City and Centurion Ministries in Princeton, New Jersey.

In 2006, Ackman, and then wife Karen, founded the Pershing Square Foundation to fund innovation in economic development, education, healthcare, human rights, arts and urban development.[78] [79] The foundation is a major donor to Planned Parenthood.[80] Since its inception, the foundation has committed more than $400 million in grants since 2006.[81] In 2011, the Ackmans were on The Chronicle of Philanthropys "Philanthropy 50" list of the most generous donors.[82]

In July 2014, Challenged Athletes Foundation, which provides sports equipment to those with physical disabilities, honored Ackman at a gala fundraiser at the Waldorf Astoria hotel in New York City for helping raise a record $2.3 million.[83]

On March 15, 2021, he announced that he donated 26.5 million shares in South Korean e-commerce company Coupang, valued at $1.36 billion, to three entities, one of them his own foundation.[84]

In December 2022, Ackman auctioned a lunch with himself for charity in partnership with the David Lynch Foundation. The proceeds would go toward helping "New York's frontline healthcare workers, police and veterans who battle anxiety, depression, addiction and suicide every day", with Ackman matching the winning bid to support the foundation. The highest winning bid over prior instances was $210,000.[85]

Ackman is a supporter of David M. Sabatini, a biologist who was previously fired by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and resigned from the Whitehead Institute and MIT due to allegations and investigations of sexual misconduct. On March 1, 2022, at a Pershing Square Foundation event, he delivered remarks about what he called Sabatini's unfair treatment.[86] In February 2023, Ackman announced that his foundation and an anonymous donor would together fund Sabatini US$25 million over five years to establish and run a new research laboratory.[87] [88]

Personal views

Israel/Palestine, Zionism and campus politics

Bill Ackman has expressed public support for Israel's actions in the Israel–Hamas war.[89] [90] [91]

On October 8, 2023, following the Hamas-led attack on Israel on October 7, several Harvard undergraduate student groups signed a letter condemning statements from Israeli officials promising to "open the gates of hell" in Gaza, holding Israel's "apartheid regime" "entirely responsible for all unfolding violence", and describing Palestinians in Gaza as being "forced to live in an open-air prison". The letter called on Harvard to "take action to stop the ongoing annihilation of Palestinians."[92] [93] In response, Ackman demanded the publication of the names of all students involved in signing the letter so that he could ensure his company and others do not "inadvertently hire" any of the signatories. Ackman posted, "One should not be able to hide behind a corporate shield when issuing statements supporting the actions of terrorists," and the names "should be made public so their views are publicly known".[94] Ackman's stance had support by other CEOs such as Jonathan Neman.[95] Former Harvard president Lawrence Summers called Ackman's request for a list of names "the stuff of Joe McCarthy".[96]

Ackman was involved in a long-standing WhatsApp group chat with Israeli military leaders and top US business leaders with the stated goal to "change the narrative" in favor of Israel and "help [Israel] win the war" on U.S. public opinion following U.S. protests against genocide in Gaza.[97] Information about the WhatsApp group chat was reported by The Washington Post on May 16, 2024.[97] Members of the group chat discussed how they received private briefings by, and worked closely with, members of the Israeli government, including former Israeli prime minister Naftali Bennett; Benny Gantz, a member of the Israeli war cabinet; and Israel's ambassador to the United States, Michael Herzog.[97] Group members, including Ackman, worked with the Israeli government to screen a film titled "Bearing Witness to the October 7th Massacre", which shows footage compiled by the Israeli Defense Forces portraying killings committed by Hamas on October 7.[97] Screenings of the film were conducted in New York City and, with Ackman's help, at Harvard University, his alma mater.[97]

Members of the 2023-2024 WhatsApp group chat also held a video call in April 2024 with New York City Mayor Eric Adams in an effort to, according to reporting by The Washington Post, "pressure Columbia's president and trustees to permit the mayor to send police to the campus" to shut down criticism of genocide in Gaza. During the video call, group members discussed making political donations to Adams.[97] A spokesperson for Ackman said he had not participated in the group chat since January 10, 2024, and that although Ackman "likes and is supportive of the Mayor," he had never spoken to Adams about the Columbia protests or donated to Adams's campaign.[97]

In November 2023, Ackman supported Elon Musk after he expressed support for antisemitic remarks made by an X user who falsely asserted that "Jewish communities" supported "hordes of minorities flooding their country" and pushed "dialectical hatred against whites", describing it as "shoot from the hip commentary".[98] [99] The same month, Ackman engaged in a campaign to remove Claudine Gay from her position as Harvard's president. He argued that her response to antisemitism was "insufficient" and amplified allegations that she engaged in plagiarism.[100] [101]

On January 3, 2024, Business Insider published an exposé detailing how Ackman's wife, Neri Oxman, plagiarized portions of her dissertation. A day after the article's publication, Oxman apologized for "citation errors" in portions of her dissertation.[102] [103] Ackman, in response to the article, pledged to conduct a plagiarism review of all MIT faculty, including MIT's president, Sally Kornbluth, who, alongside Gay, attended a congressional hearing on antisemitism in higher education.[104]

US politics

Ackman is a longtime donor to Democratic candidates and organizations, including Richard Blumenthal, Chuck Schumer, Robert Menendez, the Democratic National Committee, and the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee.[105] He endorsed Michael Bloomberg as a prospective candidate for President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election.[106] Ackman voted for Trump in the 2016 election.[107]

Ackman supported the Democratic Party and endorsed Congressman Dean Phillips for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 2024 presidential primaries.[108] Following the suspension of Phillips' candidacy, Ackman donated to Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s presidential campaign.[109] In April 2024, Ackman announced via X that he would not support Joe Biden[110] in the upcoming election because of Biden's alleged "lack of support" for Israel [111] and that he was open to voting for former President Trump.[112] On July 14, 2024, Ackman endorsed Trump in the aftermath of his attempted assassination.[113] [114]

Personal life

Ackman married Karen Ann Herskovitz, a landscape architect, on July 10, 1994.[115] They have three children. On December 22, 2016, it was reported that the couple had separated.

In 2018, Ackman became engaged to Israeli-American designer Neri Oxman.[116] In January 2019, Oxman and Ackman married at the Central Synagogue in Manhattan, and they had their first child together in spring 2019.[117]

Ackman is a keen amateur tennis player and controversially commented that he could play a close and even doubles match against John McEnroe in a Bloomberg News interview with David Rubenstein in 2020.[118]

Ackman owned a Gulfstream G550 business jet, as of 2017.[119] [120] He owns a $90 million penthouse apartment in Manhattan, among other residential properties.[121] [122]

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. News: Scene Last Night: Icahn, Ackman, Bruce Richards, Gloria Steinem . May 12, 2013 . . Amanda . Gordon . limited . https://web.archive.org/web/20151122021836/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-05-13/scene-last-night-icahn-ackman-bruce-richards-steinem . November 22, 2015 . live.
  2. News: Lin . Ed . December 30, 2022 . Bill Ackman's Pershing Square Lifts Stake in Developer Howard Hughes . subscription . Barron's . https://archive.today/20230515100307/https://www.barrons.com/amp/articles/bill-ackman-pershing-square-howard-hughes-51672422106 . May 15, 2023 . live.
  3. News: Bill Ackman reportedly splitting with wife in big-money divorce. CNBC. February 24, 2017. February 24, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170224132441/http://video.cnbc.com/gallery/?video=3000578820. dead.
  4. News:
    1. 1941 William Ackman
    . February 12, 2018. Forbes. November 12, 2019. en. June 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200606142535/https://www.forbes.com/profile/william-ackman/#3d07a60a298d. live.
  5. Web site: Celarier . Michelle . June 16, 2021 . Bill Ackman Sent a Text to the CEO of Mastercard. What Happened Next Is a Parable for ESG. . . 0020-3580 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230205113425/https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1s9f698vwhczr/Bill-Ackman-Sent-a-Text-to-the-CEO-of-Mastercard-What-Happened-Next-Is-a-Parable-for-ESG . February 5, 2023 . live.
  6. News: O'Donnell. Carl. Herbst-Bayliss. Svea. Ackman boosts stake in drugmaker Valeant. December 24, 2015 . Reuters. November 23, 2015. New York . en. November 10, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191110013646/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-valeant-pharms-ackman/ackman-boosts-stake-in-drugmaker-valeant-idUSKBN0TC2IL20151123. live.
  7. News: What Activist Investors Do, According to Bill Ackman. 2021-07-20. finance.yahoo.com. March 25, 2020. en-US. July 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210720194444/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/activist-investors-according-bill-ackman-220923870.html. live.
  8. Web site: Bill Ackman: what I think of GameStop and shareholder activism. 2021-07-20. ii.co.uk. June 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210621110934/https://www.ii.co.uk/analysis-commentary/bill-ackman-what-i-think-gamestop-and-shareholder-activism-ii515991. live.
  9. Web site: English. Carleton. Activist investor Bill Ackman is now feeling positive about the markets. 2021-07-20. fnlondon.com. en-GB.
  10. News: William Ackman . 2024-06-06 . 2022 . . June 6, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200606142535/https://www.forbes.com/profile/william-ackman/ . live.
  11. News: Serres. Chris. William Ackman: Targeting Target. https://web.archive.org/web/20120529164307/http://www.startribune.com/printarticle/?id=13715691 . dead . May 29, 2012. May 16, 2009 . . January 13, 2008. United States. en.
  12. News: Miss Ronnie I. Posner Bride of L.D. Ackman. November 9, 2019 . 27. The New York Times. October 7, 1963. en. July 23, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180723065611/https://www.nytimes.com/1963/10/07/archives/miss-ronnie-i-posner-bride-of-ld-ackman.html. live.
  13. Web site: Larry Ackman, former Ackman-Ziff CEO, dies . 2022-06-02 . . Holden Walter-Warner.
  14. News: Jews take 5 of top 6 spots in annual list of top US givers . . September 2, 2011 . January 17, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120117091735/http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishNews/Article.aspx?id=207507 . live.
  15. Web site: Alex . Joffe . Jewish Philanthropy 2.0 . ejewishphilanthropy.co . February 23, 2011 . January 21, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120121223537/http://ejewishphilanthropy.com/jewish-philanthropy-2-0/ . live.
  16. Web site: Ackman. William Albert. Scaling the ivy wall: the Jewish and Asian American experience in Harvard admissions. Classify. OCLC Research. May 21, 2015. December 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191202113712/http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/ClassifyDemo?owi=17534608. dead.
  17. Web site: Program on Corporate Governance: William Ackman . . December 24, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160121070524/http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/corp_gov/bio_Ackman.shtml . January 21, 2016 . dead.
  18. News: Fromson. Brett. The Rookies' Big Score. November 12, 2019 . The Washington Post. July 10, 1994. United States. en. subscription. April 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408184654/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1994/07/10/the-rookies-big-score/2e22cacf-a4e4-445c-a077-19518bcddbf9/. live.
  19. News: MBIA's biggest bear . February 1, 2008 . . . July 11, 2022 . June 8, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220608201331/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/mbias-biggest-bear/article667227/ . live.
  20. News: MBIA: Call to divide not viable. CNN. February 20, 2008. February 26, 2008. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080227124826/https://money.cnn.com/2008/02/20/news/companies/mbia.ap/index.htm?postversion=2008022018. February 27, 2008.
  21. News: Bill Ackman's Pershing Square Files 13D on Borders, Covers MBIA Short. November 12, 2019 . market folly. January 26, 2009. en. November 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191112222808/https://www.marketfolly.com/2009/01/bill-ackmans-pershing-square-files-13d.html. live.
  22. News: Lopez. Linette. Here's the 'Shmuck Insurance' Contract that Carl Icahn Just Mentioned on CNBC.... February 12, 2018 . Business Insider. January 25, 2013. United States. en. November 10, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191110020328/https://www.businessinsider.com/ackman-icahn-hallwood-contract-2013-1. live.
  23. News: Wahba. Phil. Goldstein. Matthew. Ackman quits J.C.Penney board, removing distraction. November 9, 2019 . Reuters. August 13, 2013. New York, NY. November 10, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191110014327/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jcpenney-ackman/ackman-quits-j-c-penney-board-removing-distraction-idUSBRE97C0AI20130813. live.
  24. News: Cosgrave. Jenny. Ackman's returns make him a top 20 fund manager. March 21, 2017 . CNBC . January 26, 2015. August 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170816111447/https://www.cnbc.com/2015/01/26/ackmans-returns-make-him-a-top-20-fund-manager.html. live.
  25. News: Lopez. Linette. Bill Ackman and Valeant Execs just got through one of the most brutal Senate hearings we've ever seen. May 31, 2016. Business Insider. April 27, 2016. en. November 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191112205353/https://www.businessinsider.com/live-bill-ackman-and-valeant-execs-get-grilled-by-angry-senators-2016-4. live.
  26. News: Levine. Matt. Bill Ackman Is Done Losing Money on Valeant. March 17, 2017. Bloomberg News. March 14, 2017. en. limited. March 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170316102248/https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-03-14/bill-ackman-is-done-losing-money-on-valeant. live.
  27. News: Vardi. Nathan. Billionaire Bill Ackman Sells Disastrous Valeant Investment After Nearly $4 Billion Loss. November 12, 2019. Forbes. March 13, 2017. March 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170315004009/https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2017/03/13/billionaire-bill-ackman-sells-disastrous-valeant-investment-after-nearly-4-billion-loss/. live.
  28. News: Bushard . Brian . Billionaire Bill Ackman's Pershing Square Withdraws IPO . 2024-11-03 . Forbes . en.
  29. News: Ackman's Pershing Square fund sets $2 bln target for US IPO .
  30. News: Dugan . Kevin T. . 2024-08-02 . How Bill Ackman's $25 Billion IPO Plan Went Bust (at Least for Now) . 2024-11-03 . Intelligencer . en.
  31. News: Alden. William. Ackman Outlines Bet Against Herbalife. December 20, 2012 . DealBook. The New York Times. December 20, 2012. United States. en. September 6, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170906041006/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/12/20/ackman-outlines-bet-against-herbalife/. live.
  32. News: O'Toole. James. Icahn challenges Ackman with 13% Herbalife stake. January 22, 2015. CNN Money. February 14, 2013. January 22, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150122053626/http://money.cnn.com/2013/02/14/investing/icahn-herbalife/index.html. live.
  33. News: Benoit. David. Carl Icahn Buys More Herbalife . The Wall Street Journal . November 9, 2019 . May 7, 2013. United States. en. subscription. 0099-9660. November 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191106054724/https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/05/07/carl-icahn-buys-more-herbalife/. live.
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  37. News: Schmidt. Michael. After Big Bet, Hedge Fund Pulls the Levers of Power. March 24, 2014 . The New York Times. March 9, 2014. United States. en. January 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170114034542/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/10/business/staking-1-billion-that-herbalife-will-fail-then-ackman-lobbying-to-bring-it-down.html. live.
  38. News: Markey says he was unaware actions would aid firm's rival. The Boston Globe. July 8, 2015. March 10, 2014. July 8, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150708203617/https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2014/03/10/senator-edward-markey-wrote-letters-that-helped-activist-investor-who-sought-drive-down-herbalife-stock/KuUVnx0Rk1apbrWZmGDxWJ/story.html. live.
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  49. News: Men Dislike Each Other, Might Also Have Opinions On A Stock. Dealbreaker . January 25, 2013. July 28, 2014. April 8, 2013. https://archive.today/20130408215322/http://dealbreaker.com/2013/01/men-dislike-each-other-might-also-have-opinions-on-a-stock/. live.
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  57. News: Investor Bill Ackman advises Trump to shut down the country, saying stock market 'will soar'. Franck. Thomas. 2020-03-18. CNBC. 2020-03-26. April 1, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200401234546/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/18/bill-ackman-advises-trump-to-shut-down-us-says-market-would-soar.html. live.
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  63. News: William Ackman Takes Stake in Canadian Pacific . . March 7, 2022 . Jacquie . McNish . https://archive.today/20220308021731/https://www.wsj.com/articles/activist-william-ackman-takes-stake-in-canadian-pacific-11646671278 . March 8, 2022 . limited.
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  65. News: Billionaire Bill Ackman Sells Disastrous Valeant Investment After Nearly $4 Billion Loss . . March 13, 2017 . Nathan . Vardi . March 14, 2017 . March 15, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170315004009/https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2017/03/13/billionaire-bill-ackman-sells-disastrous-valeant-investment-after-nearly-4-billion-loss/ . live.
  66. News: Bill Ackman bet $1.1 billion on Netflix months ago and now he's taking a beating. But the famed investor has doubled down before—and come out ahead . April 20, 2022 . Chris . Morris . . July 12, 2022 . July 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220712062724/https://fortune.com/2022/04/20/bill-ackman-netflix-sell-off-buying-opportunity/ . live.
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  69. News: Ackman avoids limelight even as Pershing Square posts record 2019. Reuters . January 9, 2020. Reuters. July 26, 2020. March 25, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200325184428/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hedgefunds-ackman-idUSKBN1Z81UT. live.
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  81. News: Mallozzi. Vincent. As If by Design, Their Connection Was Inevitable. May 23, 2019 . 13. The New York Times. January 19, 2019 . en. March 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190317233552/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/19/fashion/weddings/as-if-by-design-their-connection-was-inevitable.html. live.
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  83. News: Wieczner. Jen. New hedgie standoff: 'frenemies' Bill Ackman and Dan Loeb compete in charitable giving. June 9, 2016. Fortune. July 21, 2014. March 12, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160312060119/http://fortune.com/2014/07/21/bill-ackman-and-dan-loeb-compete-in-charitable-giving/. live.
  84. News: Billionaire Ackman donates millions of Coupang shares to foundation, others. 2021-03-15. finance.yahoo.com. March 15, 2021. en-US. March 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210315150312/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/billionaire-ackman-donates-millions-coupang-143751376.html. live.
  85. News: Paulina . Cachero . December 8, 2022 . Lunch With Billionaire Investor Bill Ackman Will Cost You at Least $25,000 . . limited . https://archive.today/20221209011228/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-08/charity-lunch-auction-bids-to-dine-with-bill-ackman-top-25-000 . December 9, 2022 . live.
  86. News: Wadman . Meredith . April 25, 2022 . NYU may hire biologist pushed out of MIT, Whitehead for sexual misconduct . Science . February 3, 2023 . February 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230203131358/https://www.science.org/content/article/nyu-may-hire-biologist-pushed-mit-whitehead-sexual-misconduct . live.
  87. Ackman . Bill . February 2, 2023 . I am pleased to announce that last night at @PershingSqFdn scientific advisors dinner, we announced that we found a 50% funding partner for the new Sabatini lab.The new lab now has $5m of funding per year for five years. David is now making launch preparations for the lab. Allez! . 1621253515271094274 . billackman . February 2, 2023 . en.
  88. News: David Sabatini, biologist fired for sexual misconduct, lands millions from private donors to start new lab . Wadman . Meredith . February 3, 2023 . April 11, 2023 . Science . . March 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230331030238/https://www.science.org/content/article/sabatini-biologist-fired-sexual-misconduct-lands-millions-private-donors-start-new-lab . live.
  89. Web site: 2023-12-19 . Did billionaire Bill Ackman's actions backfire in the war against Harvard anti-Semitism? . 2024-11-08 . ctech . en.
  90. News: Edelson . Daniel . York . New . 2023-11-22 . Over 250 US senior financial managers pledge: 'We will not hire pro-Palestinian protesters' . 2024-11-08 . Ynetnews . en.
  91. News: 2023-10-12 . Bill Ackman calls for Harvard grads to be blacklisted over Israel statement . 2024-11-08 . The Independent . en.
  92. Web site: Joint Statement by Harvard Palestine Solidarity Groups on the Situation in Palestine . 2024-11-08 . Institute for Palestine Studies . en.
  93. News: Letter from Harvard group holding Israel 'responsible' for war with Hamas sparks backlash . 2024-11-08.
  94. News: Egan . Matt . 2023-10-11 . Harvard student groups issued an anti-Israel statement. CEOs want them blacklisted . CNN Business . 2023-10-13 . en . October 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231013185901/https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/11/business/harvard-israel-hamas-ceos-students/index.html . live.
  95. News: Billionaire Ackman, Others Pledge They Won't Hire Harvard Students Who Signed Letter Blaming Israel For Hamas Attack. Forbes. October 17, 2023. December 8, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231208090556/https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianbushard/2023/10/10/billionaire-ackman-others-pledge-they-wont-hire-harvard-students-who-signed-letter-criticizing-israel/?sh=1bd3a4da4cc8. live.
  96. News: Teo . Kai Xiang . Former Harvard president Larry Summers thinks Bill Ackman asking for lists of student names is the 'stuff of Joe McCarthy' . 2023-10-17 . Business Insider . en-US . October 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231017231841/https://www.businessinsider.com/harvard-larry-summers-bill-ackman-israel-hamas-student-names-list-2023-10 . live.
  97. News: Natanson . Hannah . Felton . Emmanuel . Business titans privately urged NYC mayor to use police on Columbia protesters, chats show . May 17, 2024 . The Washington Post . May 16, 2024 . May 21, 2024 . https://archive.today/20240521173227/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2024/05/16/business-leaders-chat-group-eric-adams-columbia-protesters/ . live.
  98. News: Squire . Paul . Why Bill Ackman says Harvard needs to answer for antisemitism, but says Elon Musk's comments are OK . December 8, 2023 . Business Insider . en-US . December 9, 2023 . December 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231209062803/https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-ackman-harvard-upenn-antisemitism-elon-musk-x-2023-12 . live.
  99. breakingbaht . 1724892689160945982 . November 15, 2023 . Jewish communties [sic] have been pushing the exact kind of dialectical hatred against whites that they claim to want people to stop using against them. I'm deeply disinterested in giving the tiniest shit now about western Jewish populations coming to the disturbing realization that those hordes of minorities [they supported] flooding their country don't exactly like them too much. You want truth said to your face, there it is. . December 9, 2023 . December 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231209062803/https://twitter.com/breakingbaht/status/1724892689160945982 . live.
  100. News: Massa . Annie . Burton . Katherine . Gordon . Amanda . Bill Ackman 'just fixing things' with moves against university leaders and diversity programs: 'That's what I do' . Fortune . 2024-01-13 . 2024-01-16 . January 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240116222803/https://fortune.com/2024/01/13/bill-ackman-fixing-things-university-leaders-diversity-programs-dei/ . live.
  101. News: Bill Ackman's Campaign Against Harvard Followed Years of Resentment. Maureen. Farrell. Rob. Copelan. The New York Times. December 12, 2023. January 16, 2024. January 16, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240116010005/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/12/business/bill-ackman-harvard-antisemitism.html. live.
  102. News: Pisani . Joseph . Bill Ackman's Wife, Neri Oxman, Apologizes for Plagiarism in Her 2010 Dissertation . January 22, 2024 . The Wall Street Journal . January 5, 2024 . January 22, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240122170925/https://www.wsj.com/us-news/bill-ackman-wife-neri-oxman-apologizes-for-plagiarism-in-her-2010-dissertation-ac01f4ce . live.
  103. News: Lloyd . Lee . Madeline . Berg . How plagiarism by Claudine Gay, Harvard's former president, compares to that of Neri Oxman, an academic and Bill Ackman's wife . 2024-03-18 . Business Insider . en-US . March 9, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240309050216/https://www.businessinsider.com/claudine-gay-neri-oxman-ackman-wife-plagiarism-dissertation-harvard-mit-2024-1 . live.
  104. News: Wife of Investor Who Pushed for Harvard President's Exit Is Accused of Plagiarism. Anemona. Hartocollis. Anna. Betts. The New York Times. January 5, 2024. February 20, 2024. February 20, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240220103839/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/05/us/plagiarism-bill-ackman-neri-oxman-claudine-gay-harvard.html. live.
  105. Web site: Browse Individual Contributions . September 29, 2024 . Federal Election Commission.
  106. News: Ackman . William . February 11, 2016 . America is burning but Michael Bloomberg can put out the fire . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160212204601/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1c440342-d0a2-11e5-831d-09f7778e7377.html . February 12, 2016 . February 11, 2016 . Financial Times.
  107. Ackman . Bill . April 25, 2024 . Yes. I voted for @realDonaldTrump in 2016. .
  108. News: Bill Ackman Backs Democrat Dean Phillips to Challenge Biden. Chen. Shiyin . January 13, 2024. January 14, 2024. Bloomberg News. January 14, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240114040830/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-14/billionaire-ackman-backs-democrat-phillips-to-challenge-biden. live.
  109. News: Investor Bill Ackman, David Sacks’ PAC donated to RFK Jr.’s presidential campaign. Schwartz. Brian . July 14, 2024. November 23, 2024. CNBC. November 17, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241117043722/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/07/14/bill-ackman-david-sacks-pac-donated-to-rfk-jr.html. live.
  110. Ackman . Bill . April 24, 2024 . For anyone who is still confused on the topic, I am not voting for Biden. . BillAckman . 1783294245215908143 . April 24, 2024.
  111. News: Dobkin . Rachel . 2024-04-06 . Naomi Biden fact-checks billionaire slamming Joe Biden . 2024-07-30 . Newsweek . en . June 5, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240605185351/https://www.newsweek.com/naomi-biden-fact-checks-billionaire-slamming-joe-biden-1887648 . live.
  112. Ackman . Bill . April 24, 2024 . And yes, I am open to voting for @realDonaldTrump. . BillAckman . 1783316096600187370 . April 24, 2024.
  113. Ackman . Bill . BillAckman . 1812308245194682749 . I am going to formally endorse @realDonaldTrump..
  114. News: Billionaire Bill Ackman endorses Trump in US presidential race . 2024-07-14 . Reuters . en.
  115. News: WEDDINGS; Karen Herskovitz, William Ackman. November 9, 2019 . 37. The New York Times. July 10, 1994. United States. en. June 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180614221340/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/10/style/weddings-karen-herskovitz-william-ackman.html. live.
  116. Web site: Activist investor Bill Ackman is engaged to rockstar professor Neri Oxman. Mark. Sullivan. October 9, 2018. Fast Company. December 24, 2018. November 30, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181130202009/https://www.fastcompany.com/90249034/activist-investor-bill-ackman-is-engaged-to-rockstar-scientist-neri-oxman. live.
  117. Riley Cardoza . Brad Pitt's MIT Professor Crush Neri Oxman Gives Birth to Her First Child . US Magazine . August 9, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200327172104/https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/brad-pitts-mit-professor-crush-neri-oxman-gives-birth-to-1st-baby/ . March 27, 2020 . live.
  118. News: Ackman, Rubenstein on Markets, Money and More . Bloomberg.com . June 22, 2020 . February 23, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220218052438/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2020-06-23/ackman-rubenstein-on-markets-money-and-more-video . February 18, 2022 . live.
  119. News: Cohan . William D. . March 7, 2013 . The Big Short War . . November 12, 2019 . August 9, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150809062819/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2013/04/bill-ackman-dan-loeb-herbalife . live.
  120. Kolhatkar . Sheelah . February 26, 2017 . Financiers Fight Over the American Dream . The New Yorker.
  121. Web site: 2022-05-04 . Bill Ackman getting his glass penthouse ... mostly . 2024-07-30 . The Real Deal . en . July 30, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240730172558/https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2022/05/04/bill-ackman-getting-his-glass-penthouse-mostly/ . live.
  122. News: Bill Ackman Paying $90M for Manhattan Apartment . The Wall Street Journal . July 30, 2024 . July 30, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240730172559/https://www.wsj.com/video/bill-ackman-paying-90m-for-manhattan-apartment/85840DBE-7BA8-456C-A0C2-6EF46BA5812A . live.

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