List of wars involving Pakistan explained

Since its establishment in 1947, Pakistan has been involved in numerous armed conflicts, both domestically and internationally. Historically and presently, the primary focus of its military operations has been on neighboring India, with whom Pakistan has fought four major wars, as well as the Siachen conflict, frequent border skirmishes, and standoffs. The two nations have had a hostile and turbulent relationship since their independence from the United Kingdom and subsequent war over the Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan claim Kashmir in its entirety but have not exercised control over the entire region, which remains divided and contested between the two states by the Line of Control. The Kashmir conflict has seen extensive—albeit unsuccessful—intervention and mediation by the United Nations.

Pakistan has also had a turbulent relationship with neighbouring Afghanistan,^[1] characterized by armed border skirmishes and periods of diplomatic tension. The Pakistani government has increased military activity along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border and built a border barrier to crack down on illegal immigration, militancy,^[2] and smuggling.^{[3] [4]}

Outside of its home region of South Asia, Pakistan has also engaged in international conflicts in the Middle East and Africa as part of larger coalitions, and remains one of the largest contributors of troops to various United Nations peacekeeping missions. The country was designated as a major non-NATO ally by the United States in 2004,^[5] and has participated extensively in the American-led War on Terror following the 9/11 attacks.

List

Conflict	Pakistan and allies	Opponents	Results
Indonesian War of Independence (1945–1949)	Indonesia Supported by: Australia (after 1946)[6] United States (from 1949)[7] India (after 1947)[8] [9] [10] (support started even before independence)	Netherlands Dutch East Indies APRA Pao An Tui (until 1946) (until 1946) Japan (until 1946) Supported by: (until 1946) ----Internal Conflict: Darul Islam People's Democratic Front	VictoryIndonesian independence from the Netherlands. Dutch recognition of the Indonesian independence in the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference Formation of the United States of Indonesia Creation of the Netherlands-Indonesia Union
First Indo-Pakistani War (1947–1948)[11]	Furqan Force State of Swat Indian National Army[12]	Jammu and Kashmir	Ceasefire[13] Partitioning of Kashmir between India and Pakistan
Waziristan rebellion (1948–1954)		Faqir of Ipi's forces Pashtun tribe forces Supported by India [14] [15]	VictoryFailure to foment an extensive uprising Support for rebellion slowly diminishes[16] Commander of rebellion surrenders[17] End of Insurrection
First Balochistan conflict (1948)[18]		Kalat insurgents	Victory[19] Defeat of the insurgents
Korean War(1950–1953)[20] [21]	---- United Nations Supported by: Pakistan[22] Spain	---- Supported by: Czechoslovakia East Germany	Stalemate[23] Formation of the DMZ
Second Balochistan conflict (1958–1959)[24]		Kalat insurgents	Victory[25] Surrender of Nauroz Khan
Bajaur Campaign[26] [27]	Supported by: United States (alleged)[28] [29]	Afghanistan Pashtun Nationalists Supported by: (alleged)	Victory Failure of the Afghan invasion Deterioration of Afghanistan–Pakistan relations
Third Balochistan conflict (1963–1969)[30]		Parrari PFAR BLF Bugti militia Supported by: Afghanistan[31] Iraq[32]	Victory Abolition of the "One Unit" policy[33]
Second Indo-Pakistani War (1965)	Supported by: China[34] [35] Turkey Saudi Arabia Indonesia[36]		Stalemate United Nations mandated ceasefire India had an upper hand in the war[37] No permanent territorial changes (see Tashkent Declaration)
Al-Wadiah War (1969)[38]	[39] [40]		Victory al-Wadiah reoccupied by Saudi forces[41]
Black September (1970 - 1971)	JordanForeign involvement:	PLO	Victory PLO driven out to Lebanon, Syrian raid repelled
Bangladesh Liberation War (From March 1971) & Third Indo-Pakistani War (From Dec 1971)	----Supported by: United States[42] [43] China[44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] Saudi Arabia[50] Jordan[51] Libya[52]	Bangladesh (Provisional Government) ----Supported by: [53]	Defeat Pakistani surrender in East Pakistan Independence of Bangladesh Simla Agreement
Fourth Balochistan Conflict (1973–1978)[54] [55]	Pakistan Iran Supported by: United States[56] [57] Oman[58]	Baloch separatists Pashtun Zalmay[59] Supported by: Afghanistan[60] [61] India Iraq[62] [63] PFLP[64]	Victory[65] Return to status quo ante bellum
Dir rebellion (1976)	Dir Levies	Dir rebels	Victory Suppression of rebellion[66] [67]
Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989)[68]	Afghan Mujahideen	Afghanistan	Victory Geneva Accords (1988)
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009)	Sri Lanka [69] [70] [71] India Further support: See other's		Victory Decisive victory by the Sri Lankan government Rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam organisation is wiped out Sri Lankan government reestablishes control over entire island Tamil National Alliance drops the demand for a separate state
Siachen conflict (1984 - 2003)			Defeat Annexation of the Siachen Glacier into India following Operation Meghdoot India captures Quaid Post / Bana Top during Operation Rajiv Ceasefire since 2003
Second Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)	Afghan Mujahideen rebels Afghan Interim Government[72] [73] Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until July 1989)[74] Jamiat-e Islami National Islamic Front of Afghanistan Ittehad-e Islami Hezb-i Islami Khalis Harakat-i Inqilab-i Islami[75] Khalq (1990)[76] Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (from July 1989)[77] Junbish-i Milli (from 1992) Foreign Mujahideen: Al Qaeda Maktab al-Khidamat ----Various factions also fought among each other Supported by: Pakistan[78] [79] [80] Inter-Services Intelligence	Afghan PDPA Government Supported by: Soviet Union (until 1991) Commonwealth of Independent States (from 1991)[81] Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan (until January 1992) India	VictoryInterim Afghan Government victory Dissolution of the Republic of Afghanistan and the Homeland Party Government The Peshawar Accord leads to the creation of the Islamic State of Afghanistan on 28 April 1992 Continued civil war among Mujahideen forces
Gulf War[82] (1990–1991)	<	-- COUNTRIES THAT DID NOT DEPLOY ANY MILITARY UNITS SHOULD NOT BE INCLUDED. --> ----	Iraq	Victory[83] Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait; Emir Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah restored Heavy casualties and destruction of Iraqi and Kuwaiti Infrastructure
Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)	(from late 1994) Khalq (pro Taliban factions, from late 1994) (from early 1996) Supported by: [84]	Northern Alliance Jamiat-e Islami Shura-e Nazar Hezb-e Islami Khalis (until mid-1992) Ittehad-e Islami Harakat-i-Inqilab Jebh-e Nejat-e Melli Mahaz-e Milli Harakat-i Islami Hezb-i Wahdat (until Dec. 1992) Junbish-i Milli (until Jan. 1994; from Aug. 1994) Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (from late 1994) Supported by: (until Jan. 1994; from Aug. 1994) (until Dec. 1992)	VictoryTaliban victory Taliban take control of Kabul and most of Afghanistan;[85] Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan established Thousands of civilians killed, millions driven from their homes,[86] Kabul heavily damaged.[87] Grave mistreatment of civilians (murder, looting, extortion)[88] Civil war continues (1996–2001)
Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)	055 Brigade[89]	Islamic State (Northern Alliance)	Stalemate Taliban controls up to 85% of Afghanistan including Kabul
Kargil War (1999)			Defeat India regains possession of Kargil Return to status quo ante bellum[90]
War in North-West PakistanFirst Phase:- (16 March 2004–22 February 2017)[91] [92] ----Drone war (2004–2018) Part of the war on terror and the War in North-West Pakistan Location: Pakistan	---- Pakistan[93] [94] United States[95] [96] [97] CIA Supported by: United Kingdom	Taliban Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan Jamaat-ul-Ahrar Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi Lashkar-e-Islam al-Qaeda Lashkar-e-Jhangvi Haqqani network Jundallah (until 2014) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (until 2015) Turkistan Islamic Party (until 2015)[98] ----ISIL-aligned groups Khorasan Province Jundallah[99] Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan[100] Jamaat-ul-Ahrar[101]	Victory[102] Most areas under Pakistani control with the Success under Operation Zarb-e-Azab[103] [104] [105] Main force of Pakistani Taliban take refuge in Afghanistan[106] ----United States-Allied Victory 430 drone strikes confirmed[107] 81 high-level insurgent leaders and thousands of low-level insurgents killed[108] Large number of insurgents killed while some fled to Afghanistan[109] Most recent drone strike launched in January 2018[110]
Fifth Balochistan Conflict (2004–present)[111]		BLA BLF LeB BNA (2022–2023) BRA (2006–2022) UBA (2013–2022)----Sectarian groups Ansar Al-Furqan (since 2013) Jaish ul-Adl (since 2012) Harakat Ansar (2012–13) Hizbul-Furqan (2012–13)[112] Jundallah (2003–12) Islamic State (2015-present)[113] IS-KP (until 2019)[114] IS-PP (since 2019)[115] Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (since 2007) Lashkar-e-Jhangvi[116] Sipah-e-Sahaba	Ongoing[117] [118] Extension of the conflict into Iran Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad continuous[119] Intermittent series of multilateral talks underway[120] [121]
War in Iraq (2013 - 2017)	Iraq Peshmerga Sinjar Alliance---- CJTF–OIR United States Canada United Kingdom France Germany Australia Belgium Netherlands Denmark Turkey Jordan Morocco Hezbollah Further support:- Pakistan[122] see others	ISIL Ansar al-Islam SCJL Naqshbandi Army Mujahideen Army	Victory Iraqi territorial integrity preserved ISIL expelled from all strongholds in Iraq[123]
War in North-West PakistanSecond Phase:- (23 February 2017 – present)[124] [125] [126]		Taliban (major in the Durand Line border skirmishes)[127] [128] Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan Jamaat-ul-Ahrar Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi Lashkar-e-Islam al-Qaeda Lashkar-e-Jhangvi Jundallah (until 2014) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (until 2015) Turkistan Islamic Party (until 2015) ----ISIL-aligned groups Khorasan Province Jundallah Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan Jamaat-ul-Ahrar	Ongoing Heavy insurgent losses and substantial reduction in insurgent activity[129] [130] [131]

See also

• Outline of Pakistan military history
• Other military conflicts involving Pakistan:
  • Kashmir conflict
  • 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff
  • 2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff
  • India–Pakistan border skirmishes (disambiguation)
  • Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes
  • 2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish
  • 2008–12 Pakistan–United States skirmishes

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1. Web site: Allott. Daniel. 2021-03-27. Ending Pakistan's proxy war in Afghanistan. 2021-03-29. The Hill. en.
2. News: Three killed, 13 injured in blast at Pakistani-Afghan border. en. Reuters. 2021-03-29.
3. Web site: Basit. Abdul. Pakistan-Afghanistan border fence, a step in the right direction. 2021-03-29. www.aljazeera.com. en.
4. News: Farmer. Ben. Mehsud. Ihsanullah Tipu. 2020-03-15. Pakistan Builds Border Fence, Limiting Militants and Families Alike. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-03-29. 0362-4331.
5. Web site: Pakistan status of major non-NATO ally may be terminated. 2021-03-29. www.thenews.com.pk. en.
6. Web site: Australia & Indonesia's Independence: The Transfer Of Sovereignty: Documents 1949 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194548/http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/1998/980709_ai_sovereignty.html . 29 October 2013 . 11 May 2013 . Minister for Foreign Affairs.
7. Book: Gouda, Frances . American visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia : US foreign policy and Indonesian nationalism, 1920–1949 . 2002 . Amsterdam University Press . Thijs Brocades Zaalberg . 1-4175-2156-2 . Amsterdam . 55842798.
8. Suryanarayan . V. . 1981 . Presidential Address: India and the Indonesian Revolution . Proceedings of the Indian History Congress . 42 . 549–562 . 2249-1937 . 44141175.
9. Web site: 2024-06-12 . 1516979439_156.pdf . https://web.archive.org/web/20220124232843/https://na.gov.pk/uploads/1516979439_156.pdf . 2022-01-24 . 2024-06-12 . na.gov.pk.
10. Web site: Sarwar . Zafar Alam . 3 September 2019 . Quaid backed Indonesian fight for freedom . https://web.archive.org/web/20240610091459/http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/521352-quaid-backed-indonesian-fight-for-freedom . 2024-06-10 . 23 May 2021 . www.thenews.com.pk . The News International.
11. Web site: Pakistan Covert Operations . https://web.archive.org/web/20140912114721/http://www.princeton.edu/~jns/publications/Understanding%20Support%20for%20Islamist%20Militancy.pdf . dead . 12 September 2014.
12. Book: Lamb, A. . Incomplete Partition: The Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute, 1947-1948 . Oxford University Press . 2002. 141. 978-0-19-579770-1 .
13. Web site: BBC on the 1947–48 war . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150130232421/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/south_asia/2002/india_pakistan/timeline/1947_48.stm . 30 January 2015.
14. Web site: فقیر ایپی: جنگِ آزادی کا 'تنہا سپاہی' جس نے پاکستان کے خلاف ایک آزاد مملکت 'پختونستان' کے قیام کا اعلان کیا. BBC News. 7 September 2020. ur. https://web.archive.org/web/20200907135850/https://www.bbc.com/urdu/pakistan-54049371.amp. 7 September 2020. live.
15. Web site: Shah . Farzana . 2021-07-21 . Afghan Conflict & Pashtun Tahafuz Movement misplaced Pashtunistan romanticism . https://web.archive.org/web/20240608171054/https://voiceofkp.org/afghan-conflict-pashtun-tahafuz-movement-misplaced-pashtunistan-romanticism/ . 2024-06-08 . 2024-06-08 . Voice of KP . en-US.
16. News: The formidable Faqir. Mohammad Hussain Hunarmal. The News. https://web.archive.org/web/20210213191836/https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/789500-the-formidable-faqir. 13 February 2021. live.
17. Sources :
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30. Book: Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan . International Crisis Group. Asia Report No. 119. 4. 14 September 2006.
31. Web site: Popular Front for Armed Resistance. 5 May 2019. South Asia Terrorism Portal Index (SATP).
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33. Book: Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan . International Crisis Group, Asia Report No. 119 . 4 . 2015-09-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160520051759/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-asia/pakistan/119_pakistan_the_worsening_conflict_in_balochistan.pdf . 2016-05-20 . dead .
34. Political Survival in Pakistan: Beyond Ideology, By Anas Malik page 85
35. Political Survival in Pakistan: Beyond Ideology, By Anas Malik page 84
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37. News: Are India's plans to celebrate 1965 war 'victory' in 'bad taste'? . 13 August 2015 . . Geeta Pandey.
38. Book: King Faisal: Personality, Faith and Times – Alexei Vassiliev – Google Książki . 9780863567612 . Vassiliev . Alexei . March 2013 .
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