Waldviertel (National Council electoral district) explained

Waldviertel
Constituency Type:Electoral District
Parl Name:National Council
Map4:Waldviertel (National Council electoral district).svg
Map Size:250px
Map Entity:Austria
District Label:District
Region Label:State
Region:Lower Austria
Population:215,838 (2024)[1]
Electorate:177,574 (2019)
Area:4,615 km2 (2023)[2]
Year:1994
Seats:5 (1994–present)
Members Label:Members[3]

Waldviertel, also known as Electoral District 3B (de|Wahlkreis 3B), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the city of Krems an der Donau and the districts of Gmünd, Horn, Krems an der Donau, Waidhofen an der Thaya and Zwettl in the state of Lower Austria. The electoral district currently elects five of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 177,574 registered electors.

History

Waldviertel was one 43 regional electoral districts (German: regionalwahlkreise) established by the "National Council Electoral Regulations 1992" (German: Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992) passed by the National Council in 1992.[4] It consisted of the city of Krems an der Donau and the districts of Gmünd, Horn, Krems an der Donau, Waidhofen an der Thaya and Zwettl in the state of Lower Austria.[5] The district was initially allocated five seats in May 1993.[6]

Electoral system

Waldviertel currently elects five of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[7] [8] [9] The allocation of seats is carried out in three stages.[10] In the first stage, seats are allocated to parties (lists) at the regional level using a state-wide Hare quota (German: wahlzahl) (valid votes in the state divided by the number of seats in the state).[11] [12] In the second stage, seats are allocated to parties at the state/provincial level using the state-wide Hare quota (any seats won by the party at the regional stage are subtracted from the party's state seats).[11] [12] In the third and final stage, seats are allocated to parties at the federal/national level using the D'Hondt method (any seats won by the party at the regional and state stages are subtracted from the party's federal seats).[11] [12] Only parties that reach the 4% national threshold, or have won a seat at the regional stage, compete for seats at the state and federal stages.[11] [12]

Electors may cast one preferential vote for individual candidates at the regional, state and federal levels.[12] Split-ticket voting (panachage), or voting for more than one candidate at each level, is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated.[12] [13] At the regional level, candidates must receive preferential votes amounting to at least 14% of the valid votes cast for their party to over-ride the order of the party list (10% and 7% respectively for the state and federal levels).[13] Prior to April 2013 electors could not cast preferential votes at the federal level and the thresholds candidates needed to over-ride the party list order were higher at the regional level (half the Hare quota or of the party votes) and state level (Hare quota).[12] [14] [15]

Election results

Summary

Election valign=bottom colspan=3Communists
KPÖ+ / KPÖ !
valign=bottom colspan=3Social Democrats
SPÖ !
valign=bottom colspan=3Greens
GRÜNE !
valign=bottom colspan=3NEOS
NEOS / LiF !
valign=bottom colspan=3People's
ÖVP !
valign=bottom colspan=3Freedom
FPÖ
colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
596 0.42% 0 23,217 16.28% 0 12,211 8.56% 0 8,926 6.26% 0 72,307 50.70% 2 22,976 16.11% 0
664 0.44% 0 30,829 20.51% 1 3,412 2.27% 0 6,036 4.02% 0 63,820 42.46% 2 38,849 25.85% 1
1,016 0.70% 0 35,295 24.19% 1 11,339 7.77% 0 4,817 3.30% 0 58,886 40.36% 2 24,284 16.64% 0
932 0.62% 0 39,802 26.39% 1 9,425 6.25% 0 1,667 1.11% 0 64,012 42.45% 2 23,007 15.26% 0
970 0.66% 0 45,282 30.61% 1 10,217 6.91% 0 72,561 49.05% 2 11,797 7.97% 0
667 0.44% 0 45,840 30.33% 1 7,895 5.22% 0 963 0.64% 0 85,937 56.85% 3 9,851 6.52% 0
460 0.32% 0 41,794 28.79% 1 6,841 4.71% 0 2,733 1.88% 0 60,613 41.75% 2 30,701 21.15% 1
342 0.23% 0 48,714 32.70% 1 4,403 2.96% 0 5,462 3.67% 0 63,207 42.43% 2 25,233 16.94% 0
313 0.21% 0 43,238 29.67% 1 6,433 4.41% 0 6,060 4.16% 0 62,805 43.10% 2 25,179 17.28% 0

Detailed

2010s

2019

Results of the 2019 legislative election held on 29 September 2019:[16] [17]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gmünd !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Horn !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Waid-
hofen
an der
Thaya
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Zwettl !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 11,106 11,382 5,263 18,692 9,072 16,623 169 72,307 50.70% 2
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"SPÖ 5,552 2,959 2,850 6,051 2,422 3,305 78 23,217 16.28% 0
FPÖ 3,789 3,099 2,014 5,980 3,175 4,852 67 22,976 16.11% 0
GRÜNE 1,607 1,625 1,853 3,793 1,249 1,928 156 12,211 8.56% 0
NEOS 1,182 1,180 1,127 2,789 909 1,660 79 8,926 6.26% 0
JETZT 308 236 249 497 224 283 27 1,824 1.28% 0
KPÖ+ 88 66 105 154 87 93 3 596 0.42% 0
WANDL 88 81 70 145 74 89 4 551 0.39% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 23,720 20,628 13,531 38,101 17,212 28,833 583 142,608 100.00% 2
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 487 336 172 668 330 579 6 2,578 1.78%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 24,207 20,964 13,703 38,769 17,542 29,412 589 145,186 81.76%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 30,485 25,601 18,070 46,078 21,927 35,413 177,574
align=left colspan=3Turnout 79.41% 81.89% 75.83% 84.14% 80.00% 83.05% 81.76%

The following candidates were elected:[18] [19]

2017

Results of the 2017 legislative election held on 15 October 2017:[20] [21]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gmünd !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Horn !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Waid-
hofen
an der
Thaya
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Zwettl !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 9,406 10,332 4,648 16,267 7,987 14,992 188 63,820 42.46% 2
FPÖ 6,681 5,361 3,500 10,000 5,294 7,880 133 38,849 25.85% 1
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"SPÖ 6,743 3,794 4,236 8,173 3,195 4,541 147 30,829 20.51% 1
NEOS 806 872 750 1,864 615 1,066 63 6,036 4.02% 0
PILZ 680 592 665 1,407 515 656 80 4,595 3.06% 0
GRÜNE 458 430 460 1,051 364 598 51 3,412 2.27% 0
GILT 240 256 169 455 167 276 12 1,575 1.05% 0
KPÖ 98 75 129 180 76 92 14 664 0.44% 0
The Whites WEIßE 50 26 17 90 39 51 0 273 0.18% 0
FLÖ 56 27 13 55 38 48 0 237 0.16% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 25,218 21,765 14,587 39,542 18,290 30,200 688 150,290 100.00% 4
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 428 315 178 579 316 499 4 2,319 1.52%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 25,646 22,080 14,765 40,121 18,606 30,699 692 152,609 85.28%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 30,884 25,788 18,158 46,201 22,156 35,771 178,958
align=left colspan=3Turnout 83.04% 85.62% 81.31% 86.84% 83.98% 85.82% 85.28%

The following candidates were elected:[22] [23]

Substitutions:

2013

Results of the 2013 legislative election held on 29 September 2013:[26] [27]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gmünd !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Horn !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Waid-
hofen
an der
Thaya
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Zwettl !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 8,904 9,734 3,504 14,219 7,611 14,794 120 58,886 40.36% 2
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"SPÖ 8,288 4,584 4,197 9,051 3,848 5,245 82 35,295 24.19% 1
FPÖ 3,927 3,223 2,629 6,398 3,198 4,837 72 24,284 16.64% 0
GRÜNE 1,501 1,560 1,648 3,378 1,244 1,895 113 11,339 7.77% 0
FRANK 1,129 829 559 1,541 825 1,118 20 6,021 4.13% 0
NEOS 582 680 668 1,523 467 841 56 4,817 3.30% 0
BZÖ 513 498 366 979 382 639 19 3,396 2.33% 0
PIRAT 141 103 90 260 97 162 6 859 0.59% 0
KPÖ 168 98 225 268 104 147 6 1,016 0.70% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 25,153 21,309 13,886 37,617 17,776 29,678 494 145,913 100.00% 3
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 701 537 261 997 508 896 9 3,909 2.61%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 25,854 21,846 14,147 38,614 18,284 30,574 503 149,822 82.61%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 31,677 26,065 18,604 45,978 22,675 36,353 181,352
align=left colspan=3Turnout 81.62% 83.81% 76.04% 83.98% 80.64% 84.10% 82.61%

The following candidates were elected:[28] [29]

2000s

2008

Results of the 2008 legislative election held on 28 September 2008:[30] [31]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gmünd !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Horn !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Waid-
hofen
an der
Thaya
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Zwettl !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 9,320 10,519 4,018 15,531 8,491 15,690 443 64,012 42.45% 2
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"SPÖ 9,627 5,183 4,600 9,865 4,439 5,810 278 39,802 26.39% 1
FPÖ 3,745 2,800 2,541 6,083 3,030 4,557 251 23,007 15.26% 0
GRÜNE 1,308 1,319 1,401 2,554 1,051 1,574 218 9,425 6.25% 0
BZÖ 1,450 1,123 847 2,207 935 1,790 86 8,438 5.60% 0
FRITZ 226 234 209 581 191 363 24 1,828 1.21% 0
LiF 208 222 299 496 159 244 39 1,667 1.11% 0
RETTÖ 134 129 106 287 110 199 18 983 0.65% 0
KPÖ 169 82 217 224 106 120 14 932 0.62% 0
DC 137 101 61 134 75 189 9 706 0.47% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 26,324 21,712 14,299 37,962 18,587 30,536 1,380 150,800 100.00% 3
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 863 575 323 1,105 614 1,105 22 4,607 2.96%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 27,187 22,287 14,622 39,067 19,201 31,641 1,402 155,407 85.64%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 32,129 26,056 18,700 45,078 22,900 36,603 181,466
align=left colspan=3Turnout 84.62% 85.54% 78.19% 86.67% 83.85% 86.44% 85.64%

The following candidates were elected:[32] [33]

2006

Results of the 2006 legislative election held on 1 October 2006:[34] [35]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gmünd !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Horn !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Waid-
hofen
an der
Thaya
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Zwettl !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 10,189 11,443 4,620 17,374 9,296 17,344 2,295 72,561 49.05% 2
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"SPÖ 10,850 5,737 5,139 10,749 5,023 6,570 1,214 45,282 30.61% 1
FPÖ 1,761 1,349 1,460 3,050 1,402 2,357 418 11,797 7.97% 0
GRÜNE 1,240 1,328 1,549 2,499 1,006 1,632 963 10,217 6.91% 0
MATIN 669 512 431 988 490 718 139 3,947 2.67% 0
BZÖ 567 379 337 820 392 560 116 3,171 2.14% 0
KPÖ 147 109 168 213 125 167 41 970 0.66% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 25,423 20,857 13,704 35,693 17,734 29,348 5,186 147,945 100.00% 3
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 773 526 303 891 544 906 57 4,000 2.63%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 26,196 21,383 14,007 36,584 18,278 30,254 5,243 151,945 86.63%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 31,348 25,123 18,168 43,196 22,117 35,440 175,392
align=left colspan=3Turnout 83.57% 85.11% 77.10% 84.69% 82.64% 85.37% 86.63%

The following candidates were elected:[36] [37]

2002

Results of the 2002 legislative election held on 24 November 2002:[38] [39]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gmünd !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Horn !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Waid-
hofen
an der
Thaya
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Zwettl !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 12,393 13,067 6,348 20,590 11,117 20,148 2,274 85,937 56.85% 3
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"SPÖ 11,244 5,689 5,513 10,725 5,039 6,517 1,113 45,840 30.33% 1
FPÖ 1,645 1,234 1,124 2,344 1,360 1,872 272 9,851 6.52% 0
GRÜNE 1,030 997 1,255 1,897 775 1,148 793 7,895 5.22% 0
LiF 140 129 132 237 124 135 66 963 0.64% 0
KPÖ 114 67 133 148 74 115 16 667 0.44% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 26,566 21,183 14,505 35,941 18,489 29,935 4,534 151,153 100.00% 4
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 648 367 231 677 402 620 37 2,982 1.93%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 27,214 21,550 14,736 36,618 18,891 30,555 4,571 154,135 89.50%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 31,237 24,700 17,875 41,927 21,909 34,566 172,214
align=left colspan=3Turnout 87.12% 87.25% 82.44% 87.34% 86.22% 88.40% 89.50%

The following candidates were elected:[40] [41]

1990s

1999

Results of the 1999 legislative election held on 3 October 1999:[42] [43]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gmünd !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Horn !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Waid-
hofen
an der
Thaya
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Zwettl !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 8,694 9,779 3,697 13,880 8,040 14,887 1,636 60,613 41.75% 2
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"SPÖ 9,941 5,104 4,763 9,760 4,708 6,290 1,228 41,794 28.79% 1
FPÖ 5,164 3,982 3,528 7,642 3,764 5,750 871 30,701 21.15% 1
GRÜNE 987 844 983 1,652 743 1,131 501 6,841 4.71% 0
LiF 352 300 470 709 245 344 313 2,733 1.88% 0
DU 235 160 210 368 155 205 34 1,367 0.94% 0
No to NATO and EU –
Neutral Austria Citizens' Initiative
NEIN 150 69 61 128 86 155 13 662 0.46% 0
KPÖ 68 45 113 100 46 70 18 460 0.32% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 25,591 20,283 13,825 34,239 17,787 28,832 4,614 145,171 100.00% 4
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 692 472 247 740 453 737 40 3,381 2.28%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 26,283 20,755 14,072 34,979 18,240 29,569 4,654 148,552 86.31%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 31,525 24,707 18,078 41,136 21,979 34,693 172,118
align=left colspan=3Turnout 83.37% 84.00% 77.84% 85.03% 82.99% 85.23% 86.31%

The following candidates were elected:[44] [45]

1995

Results of the 1995 legislative election held on 17 December 1995:[46] [47]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gmünd !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Horn !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Waid-
hofen
an der
Thaya
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Zwettl !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 9,026 10,335 4,031 14,533 8,226 15,410 1,646 63,207 42.43% 2
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"SPÖ 11,847 6,078 5,902 11,001 5,505 7,241 1,140 48,714 32.70% 1
FPÖ 4,267 3,299 2,811 6,095 3,215 4,841 705 25,233 16.94% 0
LiF 697 717 1,004 1,351 521 738 434 5,462 3.67% 0
GRÜNE 632 530 687 965 448 694 447 4,403 2.96% 0
No – Civic Action Group
Against the Sale of Austria
NEIN 317 169 138 331 219 391 46 1,611 1.08% 0
KPÖ 38 25 111 72 44 44 8 342 0.23% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 26,824 21,153 14,684 34,348 18,178 29,359 4,426 148,972 100.00% 3
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 857 523 355 912 571 844 33 4,095 2.68%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 27,681 21,676 15,039 35,260 18,749 30,203 4,459 153,067 88.97%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 31,874 25,014 17,955 40,593 22,021 34,578 172,035
align=left colspan=3Turnout 86.85% 86.66% 83.76% 86.86% 85.14% 87.35% 88.97%

The following candidates were elected:[48] [49]

1994

Results of the 1994 legislative election held on 9 October 1994:[50] [51]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gmünd !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Horn !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Krems
an der
Donau
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Waid-
hofen
an der
Thaya
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Zwettl !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 9,110 10,188 3,853 14,222 8,391 15,633 1,408 62,805 43.10% 2
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"SPÖ 11,124 5,453 5,070 9,624 4,829 6,183 955 43,238 29.67% 1
FPÖ 4,070 3,329 2,750 6,173 3,259 4,721 877 25,179 17.28% 0
GRÜNE 918 822 960 1,473 662 1,101 497 6,433 4.41% 0
LiF 839 822 1,043 1,564 551 833 408 6,060 4.16% 0
No – Civic Action Group
Against the Sale of Austria
NEIN 289 143 131 339 210 345 38 1,495 1.03% 0
KPÖ 51 20 116 49 32 36 9 313 0.21% 0
United Greens Austria – List Adi Pinter VGÖ 24 7 13 36 12 26 5 123 0.08% 0
Citizen Greens Austria – Free Democrats BGÖ 13 12 13 16 9 21 2 86 0.06% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 26,438 20,796 13,949 33,496 17,955 28,899 4,199 145,732 100.00% 3
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 867 599 356 931 566 807 41 4,167 2.78%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 27,305 21,395 14,305 34,427 18,521 29,706 4,240 149,899 86.80%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 32,046 25,125 18,059 40,605 22,091 34,763 172,689
align=left colspan=3Turnout 85.21% 85.15% 79.21% 84.79% 83.84% 85.45% 86.80%

The following candidates were elected:[52] [53]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn nach Politischen Bezirken bzw. Wiener Gemeindebezirken seit 2002 . . 9 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  2. Web site: Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsklassen und Gemeindebezirken . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240625151846/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/ogd/jahrbuch/stadtraum/tab_1.1.2_stadtgebiet_.csv . 25 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  3. Web site: Nationalrat: Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat . . 7 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  4. 471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1885 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  5. 471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1917 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  6. 322. Kundmachung des Bundesministers für Inneres über die Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates . . 11 May 1993 . 1993 . 118 . 2707 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20231029000533/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1993_322_0/1993_322_0.pdf . 29 October 2023 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  7. Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Wahlkreiseinteilung . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240421071143/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Wahlkreiseinteilung.aspx . 21 April 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  8. Web site: Austrian National Council 2019 General . Election Guide . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240228065006/https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3350/ . 28 February 2024 . Arlington, U.S.A..
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