WSPA-TV explained

Callsign:WSPA-TV
City:Spartanburg, South Carolina
Logo Upright:.5
Logo Alt:A large red rectangle with a yellow-orange border on the bottom, inside the rectangle is a large numerical 7 with the CBS eye logo at the bottom right, both in white; underneath the yellow-orange border is a black box with "WSPA" in a white serif font.
Branding:7News
Digital:11 (VHF), shared with WYCW
Virtual:7
Translators:see
Owner:Nexstar Media Group
Licensee:Nexstar Media Inc.
Country:United States
Callsign Meaning:Spartanburg
Sister Stations:WYCW
Former Callsigns:WORD-TV (CP, 1953–1954)
Erp:33.5 kW
Haat:674.20NaN0
Facility Id:66391
Coordinates:35.1702°N -82.2905°W
Licensing Authority:FCC

WSPA-TV (channel 7) is a television station licensed to Spartanburg, South Carolina, United States, serving Upstate South Carolina and Western North Carolina as an affiliate of CBS. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside Asheville, North Carolina–licensed CW station WYCW (channel 62). WSPA-TV and WYCW share studios on International Drive (next to the I-26 and I-85 Business/Veterans Parkway interchange) in Spartanburg; both stations broadcast from an antenna on Hogback Mountain in northeastern Greenville County (southwest of Tryon, North Carolina).

WSPA-TV began broadcasting in April 1956 amid a controversy that spanned a decade over the station's proposed transmitter site. Owned by the locally based Spartan Radiocasting Company (renamed Spartan Communications in 1995) for more than four decades, it was a CBS affiliate from its inception and the second VHF television station in Upstate South Carolina. Its original studios in downtown Spartanburg were destroyed by fire in 1960; the station rebuilt at another site downtown but constructed its present facilities in 1979. Spartan Communications was acquired by Media General in 2000; under Media General, the station enjoyed strong local news ratings performances, moving from its traditional second-place to first against traditional news ratings leader WYFF. Nexstar acquired Media General in 2017; the station has since slipped back to second place in news ratings.

Early years

Permitting

When the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ended its multi-year freeze on television stations in April 1952, it allotted very high frequency (VHF) channel 7 to Spartanburg instead of the state capital of Columbia.[1] Two radio station owners in Spartanburg made plans to apply for the channel: the Broadcasting Company of the South, owner of WSPA (950 AM), and the Spartan Radiocasting Company, owner of WORD (910 AM).[2] Spartan's owner, Walter J. Brown, had been instrumental in getting channel 7 assigned to Spartanburg and not Columbia; when a proposed table of allotments threatened to leave Spartanburg without any VHF channels, he pressed South Carolina's governor, fellow Spartanburg resident James F. Byrnes, to use his influence with the FCC to move channel 7 from Columbia to Spartanburg.[3] Spartan Radiocasting attempted to have Broadcasting Company of the South disqualified once it received the construction permit for WIS-TV on channel 10 at Columbia due to alleged overlap, which the FCC dismissed.[4]

The dispute between the two station owners ended in an unusual settlement. On November 26, 1953, Broadcasting Company of the South announced an agreement with Spartan Radiocasting under which, if Spartan were granted channel 7, it would acquire WSPA and its FM sister station from Broadcasting Company of the South and sell off the stations it already owned.[5] The commission agreed to the transaction, which saw Spartan owner Walter J. Brown sell off one station he founded (WORD) to acquire another (WSPA).[6] A deal to sell off WORD was agreed in January 1954.[7] Originally designated WORD-TV, the call sign on the channel 7 construction permit was changed to WSPA-TV in March 1954.[8]

The Paris Mountain dispute

Channel 7 was originally designated to operate from a site on Hogback Mountain, 25miles northwest of Spartanburg and 24miles northeast of Greenville. But in January 1954, the FCC permitted a temporary operation from the former WFBC-FM transmitter site on Paris Mountain, 6miles from Greenville, until Hogback was ready, so that Spartan could bring television to Spartanburg sooner. This application was vociferously opposed by two operating television stations and a third permittee, all in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band: WGVL (channel 23) of Greenville, WAIM-TV (channel 40) of Anderson, and the unbuilt WSCV (channel 17) of Spartanburg. They feared that, were the station to go on the air, it would be in effect a Greenville station, and they claimed that the Paris Mountain move would be permanent and would cause them economic injury by encouraging CBS to affiliate with the new VHF station.[9] The WSCV permittee had noted that CBS was unwilling to grant WSPA-TV an affiliation if it broadcast from Hogback to protect the service area of WBTV in Charlotte, North Carolina.[10] Days later, CBS signed an affiliation agreement with WSPA-TV.[11] The UHF stations continued to fight against the channel 7 permit. Wilton E. Hall, the owner of WAIM-TV, alleged that in the short time between the granting of the Paris Mountain permit and February 8, his station had lost nearly $60,000 in network revenue and advertising contracts.[12] A senator joined the UHF stations in their plea: Edwin C. Johnson of Colorado, who decried the damage done to not only the operating WAIM-TV and WGVL but the unbuilt WSCV.[13]

After the FCC denied their pleas, the UHF stations took their fight to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.[14] While WSPA-TV, in response to the court ruling against it,[15] initially gave up the temporary authority to build on Paris Mountain with the stated aim of instituting a regular and not an interim service,[16] it then asked to modify its primary construction permit for the same site.[17] The FCC by majority vote approved this modification on April 30, 1954, finding that it met the technical standards for separation and signal strength in Spartanburg.[18] The two operating UHF stations, WGVL and WAIM-TV, each protested the grant.[19] The FCC initially rebuffed their requests for a review, but the appeals court in March 1955 ordered the commission to hold a hearing, noting that both stations were CBS affiliates in danger of losing their network affiliation.[20] The stations made their economic injury claims in three days of hearings in April, with WGVL and WAIM-TV each opening their books to describe their mounting losses and near-zero network revenues.[21] Hall also made an unsuccessful plea that channel 7 be moved out of Spartanburg entirely to Knoxville, Tennessee, or another city, forcing WSPA-TV to a UHF channel.[22] [23]

In an initial decision released in September 1955, FCC chief hearing examiner James D. Cunningham proposed to affirm the Paris Mountain grant.[24] Cunningham found that it mattered little from where the station broadcast because the effect of its transmissions would be the same from either site in Greenville and Anderson.[25] WGVL and WAIM-TV appealed this ruling to the full FCC,[26] but the FCC issued a final decision favoring WSPA-TV on March 9, 1956, and Brown announced that the station—its studios complete with closed-circuit telecasting underway since late 1955—would go on the air the next month.[27] In its ruling, the FCC found that even after getting authority for Paris Mountain, Brown tried to "sell" CBS on the Hogback site like a "vacuum sweeper salesman" and rejected the claims of economic injury.[28]

When the Court of Appeals gave final approval for WSPA-TV to begin from Paris Mountain on April 29, 1956, WGVL and WAIM-TV announced that they would leave the air.[29] WSPA-TV was the sixth VHF television station in South Carolina with coverage of parts of three states.[30] WGVL left the air that day,[31] while WAIM-TV only briefly left the air before returning.[32] [33]

Even though WSPA-TV was on the air, the Paris Mountain case was not over, as the appeals court had yet to consider the merits of the UHF stations' protest.[34] In a unanimous ruling from judge David L. Bazelon, on September 6, 1956, the court found that the FCC had erred in letting the station make the move. It cited engineering data that showed the Paris Mountain site served hundreds of thousands fewer people and called Spartan's "misrepresentation" as to whether it would permanently operate from there "calculated". It also agreed with a previously rejected claim that the stronger signal in Greenville made WSPA-TV, in effect, a Greenville station.[35] [36] The order was revised to allow WSPA-TV to remain on the air while the case was adjudicated,[37] which the UHF stations further fought.[38] Though the FCC upheld the stay and called the misrepresentation not willful in a July 1957 decision, the appeals court ordered another hearing of the Paris Mountain matter in May 1958 because it felt the commission had failed to justify the reduction of service.[39] In written testimony, Walter Brown revealed that CBS would not pull its affiliation from channel 7 if it had to move to Hogback Mountain, a reversal of what had appeared to be the situation in the past.[40]

In January 1961, the FCC found Spartan Radiocasting qualified to be a broadcast licensee but ordered the Paris Mountain grant to be set aside.[41] The transmitter site matter then became entangled with a separate issue against Spartan Radiocasting. That July, the FCC ordered the record reopened to consider a 1956 ex parte off-the-record contact made by Brown to FCC commissioner Rosel Hyde and any influence Brown might have had on a letter written by South Carolina senator Strom Thurmond to former FCC chairman George McConnaughey.[42] The cases were finally decided by the FCC in November 1962; Brown was cleared of the ex parte charges, but WSPA-TV had to move off Paris Mountain.[43] As a result, construction began in earnest on Hogback Mountain. On October 14, 1963, the video transmitter was moved to Hogback; for a week, the video and audio on WSPA-TV were broadcast from separate sites until the audio transmitter was moved.[44]

With the move to Hogback, WSPA-TV began planning the installation of translators to serve areas screened from the mountaintop site by terrain.[45] By October 1964, six such translators were in service in Georgia and North Carolina.[46]

Spartan ownership (1956–2000)

After beginning operations, WSPA-TV initially operated for seven hours a day, later 12, from its studios on Main Street. In addition to CBS programs, it presented local shows including The Jane Dalton Show, Carolina Showtime, Cousin Bud's Settin' Room, Dancetown, and Tim the Squirrel.[47] [48] On the morning of May 16, 1960, a fire started in the air conditioning system and swept through the building shared by the WSPA radio and television stations, gutting it in what was deemed one of the worst fires in Spartanburg history to date. Operations continued unimpeded; Charlotte's WBTV and Greenville's WFBC-TV (now WYFF-TV) loaned equipment, and all television broadcasting shifted to Paris Mountain.[49] In order to replace the lost studios, Spartan Radiocasting leased a former Colonial Stores grocery store on Converse Street and refitted it as a television studio within less than two months.[50] This facility was expanded and remodeled in 1966,[51] enabling WSPA-TV to be the first in the market to begin live local color broadcasting that September.[52]

WSPA-TV left downtown Spartanburg in April 1979, when it relocated to a new, 43000ft2 building near the interchange of Interstate 85 and Interstate 26 that had been under construction since 1977.[53] [54]

Walter J. Brown, who had been the president of Spartan Radiocasting since 1947, became its chairman in 1988. The company was renamed Spartan Communications in September 1995,[55] shortly before Brown's death that November.[56]

During the late 1990s, Spartan Communications and WSPA-TV embarked on a series of relevant regional expansions. The first was the 1995 launch of WNEG-TV (channel 32) in Toccoa, Georgia, which returned over-the-air CBS access to northeast Georgia after an affiliation switch in Atlanta the year prior.[57] In 1997, Spartan Communications teamed with Pappas Telecasting to relaunch WASV-TV (channel 62) as a dual affiliate of The WB and UPN, operating the new station under a local marketing agreement.[58]

Media General and Nexstar ownership

On December 8, 1999, Spartan Communications agreed to be purchased by Media General for $605 million. The transaction bolstered Media General's portfolio of Southeastern TV stations while marking the end of a local, family-owned broadcaster.[59]

On March 1, 2009, WSPA's digital tower on Hogback Mountain—built in 2000 for the launch of digital service that June[60] —collapsed in a wind storm, taking down the tower used for analog broadcasting—dating to the 1970s—as it fell. WSPA's digital signal was restored as a subchannel of WYCW, and a replacement antenna was mounted on the remnant lower portion of the digital tower to broadcast a temporary analog and digital service until a replacement tower was constructed.[61]

On September 8, 2015, Media General announced that it would acquire the Meredith Corporation, then-owner of regional Fox affiliate WHNS (channel 21), for $2.4 billion to form Meredith Media General. With WSPA and WHNS among the four highest-rated stations in the market, one of WSPA or WHNS would have had to be divested had the deal gone through.[62] [63] That sale was canceled on January 27, 2016, in favor of a sale of Media General to the Nexstar Broadcasting Group[64] that was completed in January 2017.[65]

News operation

As in other multi-city markets, news viewership in the Greenville–Spartanburg–Asheville market has tended to be fragmented by city. Consequently, WSPA-TV's news viewership has traditionally been strongest in and around Spartanburg, and its newscasts emphasize coverage of Upstate South Carolina.[66] [67] Though WYFF has traditionally been the leader in total news viewership in the market,[68] WSPA has been its most common competitor, particularly for Upstate viewership, sometimes outpacing channel 4. In 2007, WSPA for the first time swept WYFF in evening news,[69] and it had the most revenue of any local station in 2011 and 2014.[70] [71] By 2022, WYFF led the market again in all news ratings time slots, with WLOS and WSPA nearly tied in late news viewership.[72]

WSPA-TV has operated several facilities in Greenville, the most recent a bureau and studio on Main Street that opened in 2017.[73] The lifestyle show Your Carolina is presented from the Greenville studio.

From 1996 to 1999, WSPA-TV produced a 10 p.m. newscast for WHNS,[74] which utilized WSPA's local reporting resources with a separate anchor lineup[75] and was dropped when WHNS started an in-house news department. Since 2002, when a 10 p.m. newscast launched under the title The News on 62,[76] WASV-TV/WYCW has aired newscasts from WSPA-TV. In 2022, the 10 p.m. newscast was extended to a full hour, joining the station's two-hour morning news extension from 7 to 9 a.m.

Notable former on-air staff

Technical information

Subchannels

License! scope = "col"
ChannelRes.AspectShort nameProgramming
WSPA-TV7.1 WSPA-HD CBS
7.3 ION Ion Television
40.2480i 16:9 TBD TBD (WMYA-TV)
WYCW62.1 1080i 16:9 WYCW-HD The CW
62.3 480i REWIND Rewind TV

Translators

WSPA-TV's signal is additionally rebroadcast over the following translators, mostly in North Carolina:[82]

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Greenville Will Get 1 Of 5 S. C. VHF's; WFBC 1st Applying. April 14, 1952. 1. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221814/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-grenville-will-get-1/142337114/. live.
  2. News: Spartan Stations Seek Television. May 9, 1952. 8-A. Associated Press. The Columbia Record. Columbia, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221956/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-columbia-record-spartan-stations-see/158662801/. live.
  3. News: Thanks to FCC, WIS-TV dominated the area from the beginning. April 13, 1997. TV Weekly 35. Doug. Nye. The State. Newspapers.com. April 25, 2023. April 25, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230425073623/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112405354/thanks-to-fcc-wis-tv-dominated-the/. live.
  4. News: Spartanburg TV Request Denied. May 20, 1953. 5. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221535/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-spartanburg-tv-reque/125004462/. live.
  5. News: Spartanburg TV Controversy Nears Decision. November 26, 1953. 6-A. Associated Press. The Columbia Record. Columbia, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221733/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-columbia-record-spartanburg-tv-contr/158663079/. live.
  6. News: FCC Grants Three VHFs for Week. Broadcasting. 56. . November 30, 1953.
  7. News: Spartan Station Purchased by Columbia Firm. January 13, 1954. 7-B. Associated Press. The State. Columbia, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221632/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-state-spartan-station-purchased-by-c/158663181/. live.
  8. Web site: History Cards for WSPA-TV. Federal Communications Commission.
  9. News: Spartanburg TV To Use Paris Mt. Site. January 29, 1954. 1. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221532/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-spartanburg-tv-to-us/158663513/. live.
  10. News: Sterling TV Protest Dismissed By FCC. February 19, 1954. 1. van der Linden. Frank. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221927/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-sterling-tv-protest/55270366/. live.
  11. News: Spartan TV Station Affiliated With CBS. February 3, 1954. 1. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024.
  12. News: WAIM Protests Permit to WORD: Hall Says Loss of Network Revenue $59,661 Since Announcement Made. February 9, 1954. 16. Associated Press. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221924/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-waim-protests-permit/158664166/. live.
  13. News: Sen. Johnson Hits Spartanburg Grant. 40. Broadcasting. February 8, 1954. .
  14. News: March 29, 1954. Broadcasting. Appeals Court Asked To Stay WSPA-TV STA. . 50.
  15. News: Paris Mountain Transmitter: Permanent Use To Be Sought. April 8, 1954. 1. Frank. van der Linden. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221932/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-paris-mountain-trans/158664996/. live.
  16. News: WSPA-TV Gives Up STA for Paris Mt.. April 5, 1954. 56. Broadcasting. .
  17. News: 36. WSPA-TV Applies to Modify CP to Get Back on Paris Mt.. Broadcasting. April 12, 1954. .
  18. News: WSPA-TV Given Authority To Move Transmitter Site. 9. May 3, 1954. Broadcasting. .
  19. News: WAIM-TV Asks Court Stay Of WSPA-TV Site Change. May 31, 1954. 84. Broadcasting. .
  20. News: 78–79. FCC Ordered to Hear WSPA-TV Move Protests. Broadcasting. March 28, 1955. .
  21. News: 81. May 2, 1955. WAIM-TV, WGVL (TV) Protest WSPA-TV Move. Broadcasting. .
  22. News: FCC Asked To Switch Channel 7 To Knoxville. April 14, 1955. 1, 2. The Knoxville Journal. Knoxville, Tennessee. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024.
  23. News: Wants Channel 9 [sic] Moved: WAIM-TV Will Make Appeal On FCC Ruling]. March 6, 1956. 2. Essell. Thomas. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221538/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-wants-channel-9-sic/118984872/. live.
  24. News: September 26, 1955. Examiner's Decision Would Favor WSPA-TV. 99–100. Broadcasting. .
  25. News: Paris Mountain Site For Spartan TV Transmitter Is Recommended. September 21, 1955. 1. Associated Press. The Index-Journal. Greenwood, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024.
  26. News: WSPA-TV Transmitter Site Argued Before Commission. November 21, 1955. 84. Broadcasting. .
  27. News: 9. March 12, 1956. WSPA-TV Gets Paris Mt. Site After Two-Year Controversy. Broadcasting. .
  28. News: Final FCC Approval Given Spartan TV Paris Mount Site. March 10, 1956. 1, 7. Frank. van der Linden. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221853/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-final-fcc-approval-g/36662752/. live.
  29. News: WSPA-TV Given Go Ahead; Two Stations To Leave Air. April 25, 1956. 1, 10. Frank. van der Linden. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221746/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-wspa-tv-given-go-ahe/36662689/. live.
  30. News: WSPA-TV will Go On Air At 2 P. M.. April 29, 1956. 1, 8. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024.
  31. News: Reynolds Says: WGVL-TV Will Go Off Air 60 Days. April 29, 1956. 1. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108222012/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-reynolds-says-wgvl/36662665/. live.
  32. News: WAIM-TV Is Off Air Now. May 29, 1956. 2. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221713/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-waim-tv-is-off-air-n/36662655/. live.
  33. News: Uhf WAIM-TV Back on Air. 9. June 4, 1956. Broadcasting. .
  34. News: Commercial Operation Started by WSPA-TV. 89. Broadcasting. April 30, 1956. .
  35. News: WSPA-TV Loses Round In Battle Over Television: Strongly Worded Order Handed Down by Court. The Spartanburg Herald. 1. September 7, 1956.
  36. News: Court Returns WSPA-TV Case to FCC. September 10, 1956. Broadcasting. 80. .
  37. News: 82. Court of Appeals Language Revised in Spartanburg Case. Broadcasting. October 29, 1956. .
  38. News: 60. WSPA-TV Transmitter Move Protested in Court of Appeals. Broadcasting. April 15, 1957. .
  39. News: Court Orders New FCC Hearing On WSPA-TV Transmitter Move. 82. May 26, 1958. . Broadcasting .
  40. News: Broadcasting. Hogback acceptable to CBS—WSPA-TV. February 16, 1959. 71. .
  41. News: WSPA-TV is subject of dual decision. January 9, 1961. 44. Broadcasting. .
  42. News: New issue added to WSPA-TV case. 62. July 31, 1961. Broadcasting. .
  43. News: FCC Exonerates Brown, WSPA-TV: Station's record praised, but it must leave Paris Mountain. 66–67. December 3, 1962. .
  44. News: 58. It took a decade, but Hogback was won. October 28, 1963. Broadcasting. .
  45. News: FCC Okay On Hogback Pleases Brown. June 28, 1963. 14. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221635/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-fcc-okay-on-hogback/158672020/. live.
  46. News: CBS Translator Operates For Black Mountain. September 29, 1964. 13. The Asheville Citizen. Asheville, North Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221544/https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-cbs-translator-o/158672134/. live.
  47. News: WSPA-TV celebrates its 25th anniversary. April 26, 1981. TV Spotlight 4. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024.
  48. News: Television turns 50! Local stations WLOS, WYFF went on air in 1954. B1. April 28, 1989. Ginger. Lundy. Spartanburg Herald-Journal.
  49. News: Fire Guts WSPA TV-Radio Center: $250,000 Loss Estimated. Glen W.. Naves. The Spartanburg Journal and The Carolina Spartan. May 16, 1960. 1, 3.
  50. News: WSPA To Have Temporary Studios. May 22, 1960. 14A. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221541/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-wspa-to-have-tempora/158669792/. live.
  51. News: Channel 7 Plans New Facilities. Spartanburg Herald-Journal. March 20, 1966. A-9.
  52. News: WSPA Scores Another First With Local, Live Color TV Programs. September 11, 1966. 4:3. Advertisement. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221529/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-wspa-scores-another/158670941/. live.
  53. News: New Facilities For WSPA Announced. The Spartanburg Herald. October 20, 1977. B1.
  54. News: WSPA-TV Has New Home At Communications Parks [sic]]. B1. April 5, 1979. Spartanburg Journal.
  55. News: Spartan Radiocasting changes its name. September 28, 1995. 6D. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024.
  56. News: Founder of WSPA-TV dies. November 18, 1995. 1A, 5A. Anne. Perry. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221638/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-founder-of-wspa-tv-d/158672473/. live.
  57. News: WSPA parent to run Georgia TV stations. September 16, 1995. 8B. Paul. Davidson. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024.
  58. News: Upstate gets its sixth TV station. August 29, 1997. 6D. Ed. O'Donoghue. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024.
  59. News: Deal ends family-owned Upstate TV era: Media General buys Spartan Communications. December 9, 1999. 39. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024.
  60. Book: Television & Cable Factbook. WSPA-DT. Warren Communications News. 2006. A-1996.
  61. News: . Work to restore on-air signal begins after WSPA-TV tower collapse. March 5, 2009. Broadcast Engineering.
  62. Web site: Media General Acquiring Meredith For 2.4 Billion. TVNewsCheck. NewsCheck Media. September 8, 2015. September 9, 2015. January 10, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160110155037/http://www.tvnewscheck.com/article/88230/media-general-acquiring-meredith-for-24b. live.
  63. Web site: TV Station Mega Merger: Media General Sets $2.4 Billion Acquisition of Meredith Corp.. Cynthia Littleton. Variety. Penske Media Corporation. September 8, 2015. September 9, 2015. September 9, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150909115306/http://variety.com/2015/tv/news/tv-station-meredith-media-general-merger-1201587744/. live.
  64. Web site: Nexstar Agrees to Buy Media General for $4.6B . January 27, 2016 . February 17, 2016 . March 1, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160301004505/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/currency/nexstar-agrees-buy-media-general-46b/147293 . live .
  65. Web site: Nexstar Broadcasting Group Completes Acquisition of Media General Creating Nexstar Media Group, The Nation's Second Largest Television Broadcaster. Nexstar Media Group. January 17, 2017. January 17, 2017. April 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180425161607/https://www.nexstar.tv/nexstar-broadcasting-group-completes-acquisition-of-media-general-creating-nexstar-media-group-the-nations-second-largest-television-broadcaster/. live.
  66. News: Mira. Schwirtz. Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, S.C./Asheville, N.C.. Mediaweek. August 23, 1999. 18–25. .
  67. News: . Eileen. Davis Hudson. 12–18. Greenville-Spartanburg, S.C.. Mediaweek. March 19, 2001.
  68. News: 16–22. Greenville--Spartanburg, S.C.. Mediaweek. Eileen. Davis Hudson. March 17, 2003.
  69. News: 15. Michael. Malone. Broadcasting & Cable. Mountain Climbing. . April 2, 2007.
  70. News: Carolinas on Their Minds. Broadcasting & Cable. Michael. Malone. March 17, 2013. November 8, 2024. July 5, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220705221407/https://www.nexttv.com/news/market-eye-carolinas-their-minds-43952. live.
  71. News: September 7, 2015. Michael. Malone. Broadcasting & Cable. Carolinas Turf Tussle. November 8, 2024. May 29, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220529120537/https://www.nexttv.com/news/market-eye-carolinas-turf-tussle-143935. live.
  72. News: Local News Close-Up: Lots of Upside in Upstate South Carolina. Broadcasting & Cable. Michael. Malone. October 12, 2022. March 4, 2024. February 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230202205826/https://www.nexttv.com/news/local-news-close-up-lots-of-upside-in-upstate-south-carolina. live.
  73. News: New Bureau Confuses WSPA Viewers, Makes Them Mad. TVSpy. Kevin. Eck. January 13, 2017. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108222942/https://www.adweek.com/tvspy/new-bureau-confuses-wspa-viewers-makes-them-mad/. live.
  74. News: WSPA to produce news for Fox 21. May 7, 1996. 2D. Paul. Davidson. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024.
  75. News: WHNS to add late newscast, Fox morning show. August 9, 1996. C1. Tony. Kiss. Asheville Citizen-Times. Asheville, North Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024.
  76. News: Channel 62 to launch local newscast Monday. March 2, 2002. B5. Tony. Kiss. Asheville Citizen-Times. Asheville, North Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108223028/https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-channel-62-to-la/158678483/. live.
  77. News: 'Format change': Gallagher to keep comments to himself. July 22, 1994. Spartanburg Herald-Journal. C1, C2. Ginger. Lundy McCarver.
  78. In Step With: Leeza Gibbons. October 18, 1992. 20. Parade. James. Brady. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221148/https://www.newspapers.com/article/albuquerque-journal-in-step-with-leeza/158673957/. live.
  79. News: Robelot takes spotlight at TV-7. January 8, 1987. 3C. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108221155/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-robelot-takes-spotli/158674108/. live.
  80. News: Local news anchor gets post in Philadelphia. August 21, 1990. 1C, 5C. David. Eskola. The Greenville News. Greenville, South Carolina. Newspapers.com. November 8, 2024. November 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20241108215948/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-local-news-anchor-ge/158674184/. live.
  81. News: Perera . John-Henry . 2017-11-16 . Former Houston TV anchor Sibila Vargas reemerges in small town . 2024-11-08 . Houston Chronicle . en . November 8, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20241108215850/https://www.chron.com/culture/celebrities/article/Former-Houston-TV-anchor-Sibila-Vargas-reemerges-12363637.php . live .
  82. Web site: July 23, 2021. List of TV Translator Input Channels. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211209195336/https://www.fcc.gov/sites/default/files/tv-translator-input-channels-07232021.xlsx. December 9, 2021. December 17, 2021. Federal Communications Commission.

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