Vorarlberg North (National Council electoral district) explained

Vorarlberg North
Nativename:	German: Vorarlberg Nord
Constituency Type:	Electoral District
Parl Name:	National Council
Map4:	Vorarlberg North (National Council electoral district).svg
Map Size:	250px
Map Entity:	Austria
District Label:	District
Region Label:	State
Region:	Vorarlberg
Population:	231,291 (2024)^[1]
Electorate:	153,030 (2019)
Area:	1,036 km² (2023)^[2]
Year:	1994
Seats:	4 (1994–present)
Members Label:	Members^[3]
Members:	Norbert Sieber (ÖVP)

Vorarlberg North (de|Vorarlberg Nord), also known as Electoral District 8A (de|Wahlkreis 8A), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Bregenz and Dornbirn in the state of Vorarlberg. The electoral district currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 153,030 registered electors.

History

Vorarlberg North was one 43 regional electoral districts (German: regionalwahlkreise) established by the "National Council Electoral Regulations 1992" (German: Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992) passed by the National Council in 1992.^[4] It consisted of the districts of Bregenz and Dornbirn in the state of Vorarlberg.^[5] The district was initially allocated four seats in May 1993.^[6]

Electoral system

Vorarlberg North currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.^[7] ^[8] ^[9] The allocation of seats is carried out in three stages.^[10] In the first stage, seats are allocated to parties (lists) at the regional level using a state-wide Hare quota (German: wahlzahl) (valid votes in the state divided by the number of seats in the state).^[11] ^[12] In the second stage, seats are allocated to parties at the state/provincial level using the state-wide Hare quota (any seats won by the party at the regional stage are subtracted from the party's state seats).^[11] ^[12] In the third and final stage, seats are allocated to parties at the federal/national level using the D'Hondt method (any seats won by the party at the regional and state stages are subtracted from the party's federal seats).^[11] ^[12] Only parties that reach the 4% national threshold, or have won a seat at the regional stage, compete for seats at the state and federal stages.^[11] ^[12]

Electors may cast one preferential vote for individual candidates at the regional, state and federal levels.^[12] Split-ticket voting (panachage), or voting for more than one candidate at each level, is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated.^[12] ^[13] At the regional level, candidates must receive preferential votes amounting to at least 14% of the valid votes cast for their party to over-ride the order of the party list (10% and 7% respectively for the state and federal levels).^[13] Prior to April 2013 electors could not cast preferential votes at the federal level and the thresholds candidates needed to over-ride the party list order were higher at the regional level (half the Hare quota or of the party votes) and state level (Hare quota).^[12] ^[14] ^[15]

Election results

Summary

colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3
Election	valign=bottom colspan=3	Communists KPÖ+ / KPÖ !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Social Democrats SPÖ !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Greens GRÜNE !	valign=bottom colspan=3	NEOS NEOS / LiF !	valign=bottom colspan=3	People's ÖVP !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Freedom FPÖ
Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	455	0.45%	0	13,065	12.83%	0	18,542	18.20%	0	13,539	13.29%	0	38,284	37.58%	1	14,742	14.47%	0
	682	0.63%	0	18,711	17.26%	0	7,707	7.11%	0	9,556	8.82%	0	38,934	35.92%	1	25,908	23.91%	1
	459	0.47%	0	12,095	12.47%	0	16,265	16.77%	0	12,211	12.59%	0	26,935	27.77%	1	19,873	20.49%	0
	502	0.49%	0	13,616	13.27%	0	17,272	16.84%	0	2,776	2.71%	0	33,783	32.93%	1	16,464	16.05%	0
	489	0.51%	0	16,567	17.20%	0	15,912	16.52%	0				41,912	43.51%	1	11,180	11.61%	0
	327	0.30%	0	20,602	18.80%	0	15,877	14.49%	0	1,767	1.61%	0	55,636	50.76%	2	14,252	13.00%	0
	191	0.20%	0	15,696	16.80%	0	9,302	9.96%	0	4,677	5.01%	0	33,932	36.33%	1	28,383	30.39%	1
	189	0.19%	0	21,952	21.66%	0	7,255	7.16%	0	7,385	7.29%	0	35,505	35.03%	1	28,134	27.76%	1
				17,104	19.44%	0	8,006	9.10%	0	5,928	6.74%	0	34,218	38.89%	1	20,965	23.83%	0

Detailed

2010s

2019

Results of the 2019 legislative election held on 29 September 2019:^[16] ^[17]

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Bre- genz !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Dorn- birn !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	25,413	12,797	74	38,284	37.58%	1
		GRÜNE	10,947	7,406	189	18,542	18.20%	0
		FPÖ	8,683	6,036	23	14,742	14.47%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		NEOS	8,057	5,384	98	13,539	13.29%	0
		SPÖ	7,621	5,400	44	13,065	12.83%	0
		JETZT	1,175	970	17	2,162	2.12%	0
		WANDL	418	274	5	697	0.68%	0
		KPÖ+	290	160	5	455	0.45%	0
		GILT	229	151	2	382	0.37%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	62,833	38,578	457	101,868	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	476	280	2	758	0.74%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	63,309	38,858	459	102,626	67.06%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	92,351	60,679		153,030
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	68.55%	64.04%		67.06%

The following candidates were elected:^[18] ^[19]

Personal mandates - Norbert Sieber (ÖVP), 6,105 votes.

2017

Results of the 2017 legislative election held on 15 October 2017:^[20] ^[21]

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Bre- genz !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Dorn- birn !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	25,568	13,243	123	38,934	35.92%	1
		FPÖ	15,103	10,767	38	25,908	23.91%	1
		SPÖ	11,235	7,338	138	18,711	17.26%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		NEOS	5,653	3,812	91	9,556	8.82%	0
		GRÜNE	4,488	3,118	101	7,707	7.11%	0
		PILZ	1,870	1,288	73	3,231	2.98%	0
		NBZ	999	988	1	1,988	1.83%	0
		GILT	625	335	14	974	0.90%	0
		KPÖ	395	269	18	682	0.63%	0
	The Whites	WEIßE	121	102	3	226	0.21%	0
		CPÖ	119	66	1	186	0.17%	0
		FLÖ	101	62	0	163	0.15%	0
	Men's Party	M	69	43	1	113	0.10%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	66,346	41,431	602	108,379	100.00%	2
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	420	221	4	645	0.59%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	66,766	41,652	606	109,024	71.59%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	92,113	60,182		152,295
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	72.48%	69.21%		71.59%

The following candidates were elected:^[22] ^[23]

Personal mandates - Reinhard Eugen Bösch (FPÖ), 3,856 votes; and Norbert Sieber (ÖVP), 5,537 votes.

2013

Results of the 2013 legislative election held on 29 September 2013:^[24] ^[25]

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Bre- genz !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Dorn- birn !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	18,414	8,456	65	26,935	27.77%	1
		FPÖ	11,690	8,163	20	19,873	20.49%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	9,560	6,550	155	16,265	16.77%	0
		NEOS	6,940	5,197	74	12,211	12.59%	0
		SPÖ	7,343	4,725	27	12,095	12.47%	0
		FRANK	3,163	1,989	9	5,161	5.32%	0
		BZÖ	1,318	854	6	2,178	2.25%	0
		PIRAT	431	311	6	748	0.77%	0
		CPÖ	321	249	4	574	0.59%	0
		KPÖ	266	182	11	459	0.47%	0
	Men's Party	M	186	90	2	278	0.29%	0
		EUAUS	146	87	0	233	0.24%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	59,778	36,853	379	97,010	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	693	347	2	1,042	1.06%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	60,471	37,200	381	98,052	65.39%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	90,785	59,175		149,960
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	66.61%	62.86%		65.39%

The following candidates were elected:^[26] ^[27]

Personal mandates - Norbert Sieber (ÖVP), 5,500 votes.

2000s

2008

Results of the 2008 legislative election held on 28 September 2008:^[28] ^[29]

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Bre- genz !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Dorn- birn !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	22,746	10,777	260	33,783	32.93%	1
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	9,856	6,940	476	17,272	16.84%	0
		FPÖ	9,242	7,175	47	16,464	16.05%	0
		SPÖ	8,188	5,353	75	13,616	13.27%	0
		BZÖ	7,754	5,055	44	12,853	12.53%	0
		FRITZ	2,045	1,427	21	3,493	3.40%	0
		LiF	1,604	1,076	96	2,776	2.71%	0
		DC	890	584	13	1,487	1.45%	0
		KPÖ	309	184	9	502	0.49%	0
		RETTÖ	201	143	4	348	0.34%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	62,835	38,714	1,045	102,594	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	817	492	5	1,314	1.26%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	63,652	39,206	1,050	103,908	71.09%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	89,003	57,153		146,156
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	71.52%	68.60%		71.09%

The following candidates were elected:^[30] ^[31]

Party mandates - Anna Franz (ÖVP), 3,798 votes.

2006

Results of the 2006 legislative election held on 1 October 2006:^[32] ^[33]

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Bre- genz !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Dorn- birn !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	26,609	13,214	2,089	41,912	43.51%	1
		SPÖ	9,689	6,222	656	16,567	17.20%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	8,231	5,939	1,742	15,912	16.52%	0
		FPÖ	5,918	4,976	286	11,180	11.61%	0
		MATIN	3,881	2,770	259	6,910	7.17%	0
		BZÖ	1,743	1,029	78	2,850	2.96%	0
		NFÖ	272	206	20	498	0.52%	0
		KPÖ	321	143	25	489	0.51%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	56,664	34,499	5,155	96,318	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	468	301	32	801	0.82%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	57,132	34,800	5,187	97,119	69.63%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	84,923	54,553		139,476
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	67.28%	63.79%		69.63%

The following candidates were elected:^[34] ^[35]

Party mandates - Anna Franz (ÖVP), 4,485 votes.

2002

Results of the 2002 legislative election held on 24 November 2002:^[36] ^[37]

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Bre- genz !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Dorn- birn !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	34,266	19,189	2,181	55,636	50.76%	2
		SPÖ	11,852	8,188	562	20,602	18.80%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	8,431	5,868	1,578	15,877	14.49%	0
		FPÖ	7,792	6,147	313	14,252	13.00%	0
		LiF	996	690	81	1,767	1.61%	0
	Christian Voters Community	CWG	572	321	20	913	0.83%	0
		KPÖ	209	113	5	327	0.30%	0
			125	98	6	229	0.21%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	64,243	40,614	4,746	109,603	100.00%	2
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	736	493	18	1,247	1.12%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	64,979	41,107	4,764	110,850	83.74%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	81,030	51,338		132,368
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	80.19%	80.07%		83.74%

The following candidates were elected:^[38] ^[39]

Personal mandates - Anna Franz (ÖVP), 9,730 votes.
Party mandates - Norbert Sieber (ÖVP), 1,688 votes.

1990s

1999

Results of the 1999 legislative election held on 3 October 1999:^[40] ^[41]

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Bre- genz !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Dorn- birn !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	21,508	10,722	1,702	33,932	36.33%	1
		FPÖ	15,783	11,693	907	28,383	30.39%	1
		SPÖ	9,144	5,926	626	15,696	16.80%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	4,943	3,415	944	9,302	9.96%	0
		LiF	2,478	1,632	567	4,677	5.01%	0
		DU	315	179	20	514	0.55%	0
	No to NATO and EU – Neutral Austria Citizens' Initiative	NEIN	268	160	15	443	0.47%	0
	Christian Voters Community	CWG	187	76	10	273	0.29%	0
		KPÖ	107	70	14	191	0.20%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	54,733	33,873	4,805	93,411	100.00%	2
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	502	275	14	791	0.84%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	55,235	34,148	4,819	94,202	73.59%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	78,638	49,367		128,005
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	70.24%	69.17%		73.59%

The following candidates were elected:^[42] ^[43]

Personal mandates - Gottfried Feurstein (ÖVP), 9,638 votes.
Party mandates - Reinhard Eugen Bösch (FPÖ), 1,170 votes.

1995

Results of the 1995 legislative election held on 17 December 1995:^[44] ^[45]

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Bre- genz !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Dorn- birn !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	22,605	11,707	1,193	35,505	35.03%	1
		FPÖ	16,092	11,606	436	28,134	27.76%	1
		SPÖ	12,755	8,572	625	21,952	21.66%	0
		LiF	4,036	2,710	639	7,385	7.29%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	3,836	2,701	718	7,255	7.16%	0
	No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria	NEIN	601	320	12	933	0.92%	0
		KPÖ	98	84	7	189	0.19%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	60,023	37,700	3,630	101,353	100.00%	2
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,059	592	19	1,670	1.62%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	61,082	38,292	3,649	103,023	83.08%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	76,252	47,750		124,002
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	80.11%	80.19%		83.08%

The following candidates were elected:^[46] ^[47]

Personal mandates - Gottfried Feurstein (ÖVP), 6,511 votes.
Party mandates - Ewald Stadler (FPÖ), 2,428 votes.

Substitutions:

Ewald Stadler (FPÖ) resigned on 28 April 1999 and was replaced by Wolfgang Nußbaumer (FPÖ) on 6 May 1999.^[48] ^[49] ^[50]

1994

Results of the 1994 legislative election held on 9 October 1994:^[51] ^[52]

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Bre- genz !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Dorn- birn !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	21,542	11,182	1,494	34,218	38.89%	1
		FPÖ	11,312	9,066	587	20,965	23.83%	0
		SPÖ	9,960	6,593	551	17,104	19.44%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	4,162	2,844	1,000	8,006	9.10%	0
		LiF	3,154	2,128	646	5,928	6.74%	0
	Christian Voters Community	CWG	414	183	13	610	0.69%	0
	Fritz Georg		257	105	18	380	0.43%	0
	No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria	NEIN	236	97	12	345	0.39%	0
		ÖNP	112	70	12	194	0.22%	0
	Citizen Greens Austria – Free Democrats	BGÖ	48	69	12	129	0.15%	0
	United Greens Austria – List Adi Pinter	VGÖ	56	47	2	105	0.12%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	51,253	32,384	4,347	87,984	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	568	329	22	919	1.03%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	51,821	32,713	4,369	88,903	72.01%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	75,855	47,605		123,460
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	68.32%	68.72%		72.01%

The following candidates were elected:^[53] ^[54]

Personal mandates - Gottfried Feurstein (ÖVP), 9,891 votes.

Notes and References

Web site: Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn nach Politischen Bezirken bzw. Wiener Gemeindebezirken seit 2002 . . 9 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsklassen und Gemeindebezirken . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240625151846/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/ogd/jahrbuch/stadtraum/tab_1.1.2_stadtgebiet_.csv . 25 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalrat: Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat . . 18 August 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1885 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1920 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
322. Kundmachung des Bundesministers für Inneres über die Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates . . 11 May 1993 . 1993 . 118 . 2708 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20231029000533/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1993_322_0/1993_322_0.pdf . 29 October 2023 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Wahlkreiseinteilung . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240421071143/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Wahlkreiseinteilung.aspx . 21 April 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Austrian National Council 2019 General . Election Guide . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240228065006/https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3350/ . 28 February 2024 . Arlington, U.S.A..
Web site: Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Austria . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240403205755/https://www.coe.int/en/web/electoral-assistance/elecdata-austria . 3 April 2024 . Strasbourg, France.
Book: Müller . Wolfgang C. . Gallagher . Michael . Mitchell . Paul . The Politics of Electoral Systems . 15 September 2005 . . Oxford, UK . 9780191603280 . 396–416 . 10 July 2024 . Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects. 10.1093/0199257566.003.0019 .
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Web site: Reimink . Elwin . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945: Austria . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945 . Jean-Benoit Pilet and Alan Renwick . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226131754/https://www.electoralsystemchanges.eu/Files/media/MEDIA_764/FILE/Austria_summary.pdf . 26 February 2024 . 7–8.
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Web site: Nationalratswahl 2006: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Regionalwahlkreisebene, Landeswahlkreisebene, Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200717055718/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2006/files/NRW_06_EndergebnisE.xls . 17 July 2020 . Vienna, Austria . de.
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Book: Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 256–259 . 14 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620173624/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1995/files/nationalratswahl_17121995.pdf . 20 June 2024 . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 132 . 14 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620173624/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1995/files/nationalratswahl_17121995.pdf . 20 June 2024 . de.
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XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 168. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Montag, 10. Mai 1999 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 10 May 1999 . XX . 168 . 14 . 15 August 2024 . . Vienna, Austria . de.
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Book: Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 15. Jänner 1996 bis 28. Oktober 1999 . 2011 . . Vienna, Austria . 27 August 2024 . de.
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Book: Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 . 1995 . . Vienna, Austria . 3-7046-0713-4 . 43 . 10 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072548/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1994/files/nationalratswahl_9101994.pdf . 14 November 2021 . de.
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