Asistencias Explained

Asistencias or visitas were smaller sub-missions of Catholic missions established during the 16th-19th centuries of the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. They allowed the Catholic church and the Spanish crown to extend their reach into native populations at a modest cost.

Description

Asistencias served missions and were much smaller than the main missions with living quarters, workshops and crops in addition to a church. They were typically staffed with a small group of clergymen and a relatively small group of indigenous neophytes in order to maintain the complex.

Particularly strategic asistencias were later elevated to the status of a full mission. This typically included an expansion of existing facilities to support a larger clergy and indigenous neophyte population, improvement of basic infrastructure such as roads, and rechristening under a new Catholic saint.[1] [2]

In Spanish Florida, visitas were mission stations without a resident missionary. Church buildings at visitas were simple, or sometimes absent.[3] Visitas were often in satellite villages associated with a town with a doctrina (a mission with one or more resident missionaries). .

History

The Spanish mission system in America first started in what they called La Florida (Spanish Florida), which included Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina.

The first visita that was founded and documented seems to be a visita established in the village of Soloy (in modern day Florida). Pedro Menéndez de Avilés designated it to become a blockhouse in 1567, but it became a visita to Mission Nombre de Dios in the beginning of the 1600s.[4]

More visitas were established in Spanish Florida during the early 1600s, but the only ones that seem to have been documented were four visitas to Mission San Pedro de Mocama and nine visitas to Mission San Juan del Puerto.

During the early 1600s, a few visitas were founded in present day New Mexico. Almost a century and a half later, the third and final visita in New Mexico was established, Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Pojoaque.

Starting in 1684 with the founding of Mission San Bruno in Baja California Sur by Spanish admiral Isidro de Atondo y Antillón and Father Eusebio Kino,[5] missions started to be founded in Baja California and Baja California Sur, along with visitas.

The first visita founded there was San Juan Bautista Londó in 1699, which served Mission Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó.[6] The final visita in Baja California and Baja California Sur was established in 1798 as San Telmo, which served Mission Santo Domingo de la Frontera.

In 1687, Father Eusebio Kino started to establish missions in Pimería Alta, as well as visitas. In what is modern day Arizona, he established visitas at Huachuca, Quiburi, and Santa Cruz, as well as one called San Ignacio de Sonoitac.

Sonoitac was originally just a ranchería which was said to have a bigger population than the Guevavi, Tumacácori, and Calabazas settlements. A church was built, it became a visita, and it was named San Ignacio de Sonoitac after or around 1737.[7]

After the Pima revolt of 1751, a new church was built at Sonoitac, as well as at Tumacácori, and Toacuquita (Toaqui, which became the Mission San Cayetano de Calabazas). Sonoitac apparently turned into a formal mission and was abandoned sometime in the 1780's.

In 1692, San Agustín del Tucson was established by Kino as a visita to Mission San Xavier del Bac, but became a mission in 1768 as Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón.[8]

In 1749 and 1750, along the Lower Rio Grande Valley, there was a large colonization effort, mainly led by José de Escandón. The towns of Reynosa, Camargo, Mier, and Guerrero were established in present-day Mexico, along with missions.

However, the visitas that were built to serve those missions were established in present-day Texas, technically making them the only visitas established within its current boundaries.

The mission system in California started with the founding of Mission San Diego de Alcala in 1769 by Father Junipero Serra.[9] The first asistencia in California, Santa Paula, was founded around 1782 to Mission San Buenaventura. More asistencias were established to 6 out of the 21 missions in California.

America

The following are lists of asistencias in America, sorted by year of establishment.

California

Spanish asistencias in California!Name!Image!Location!Established!Notes!References
Santa Paula34.35584, -119.050861782 or afterIt served Mission San Buenaventura.
34.05702, -118.23921784It served Mission San Gabriel Arcángel.
San Pedro y San Pablo37.58714, -122.493911786It served Mission San Francisco de Asís.
Santa Margarita de Cortona35.40197, -120.61221787It served Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa.[10]
Santa Gertrudis34.34752, -119.29704Between 1792 and 1809The second asistencia to serve Mission San Buenaventura.
San Antonio de Pala33.36591, -117.07419June 13, 1816It served Mission San Luis Rey de Francia.
San Rafael Arcángel37.97427, -122.527981817It was originally a medical asistencia to Mission San Francisco de Asís, but became a mission in 1822.
Santa Ysabel33.13057, -116.677861818It served Mission San Diego de Alcalá.
Las Flores33.299722, -117.4608331823The second asistencia to Mission San Luis Rey de Francia.

Arizona

Spanish visitas in Arizona!Name!Image!Location!Established!Notes!References
Santa Cruz Along the San Pedro River1680s or afterSanta Cruz is the name of the pueblo. The source says the visita Santa Cruz (along with Quiburi) were founded along the San Pedro River. The name might have been Santa Cruz de Pitaitutgam or Santa Cruz de Gaybanipite. [11] [12]
San Cayetano del TumacácoriOn the east side of the Santa Cruz RiverJanuary 1691It served Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi during all of its years as San Cayetano, and a few years as San José.[13]
San Agustín32.21346, -110.987031692It served Mission San Xavier del Bac. In 1768, it was elevated to the status of mission and became the Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón.[14]
San Martín de AribacArivaca1695It served Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi. Described as being 10 leagues (26 miles) away from Guevavi, which is only a couple miles off from the current measurement of 27.8 miles.[15]
San Pablo de QuiburiAlong the San Pedro River1690s or afterQuiburi (San Pablo de Quiburi is possibly the name of it rather than the visita) was a Sobaipuri ranchería. [16] [17]
San Ignacio de SonoitacNear PatagoniaAround or after 1737It became a visita around or after 1737 (but before 1751). It served Mission San Cayetano de Tumacácori.and Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi. [18]
HuachucaBabacomari RanchLikely late 17th or early 18th centuryHuachuca may be the name of the pueblo it was made in rather than the name of the visita itself.

New Mexico

Spanish visitas in New Mexico!Name!Image!Location!Established!Notes!References
San Buenaventura de Cochití35.608056; -106.345833Early 1600sIt served Mission Santo Domingo, but later became a mission.[19]
San Buenaventura de Humanas34.25962, -106.092311626It served Mission San Gregorio de Abó, and by 1629 became an actual mission.
San Luis Obispo de Sevilleta1627It was originally a mission, but was later downgraded to a visita of Nuestra Señora de Perpetuo Socorro. Abandoned in 1680.[20]
Santa Clara35.96783, -106.087961628It first served Mission San Juan Bautista de los Caballeros. It was destroyed during the Pueblo Revolt and then rebuilt to serve Mission San Ildefonso. It was remodeled around 1900 with a new roof which caused it to collapse in 1905. Rebuilt again around 1914 and remodeled in the 1960s.[21]
Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de PojoaqueAround 1765 It served San Francisco de Nambé. [22]

Texas

Spanish visitas in Texas!Name!Image!Location!Established!Notes!References
San Agustín de Laredo (Camargo)26.37135, -98.85631749It served Mission San Agustín de Laredo, which was in Camargo.[23]
San Joaquin del Monte (Reynosa)26.10515, -98.260461749It served Mission San Joaquín del Monte, which was located in Reynosa.
La Purísima Concepción (Mier)26.46043, -99.029661750It served Mission La Purísima Concepción, which was located in Mier.[24]
San Francisco Solano de Ampuero (Revilla)26.90166, -99.266781750It served Mission San Francisco Solano de Ampuero, which was located in present-day Guerrero.

Spanish Florida

Known Spanish visitas in Spanish Florida!Name!Location!Established!Notes!References
SoloyFlorida1567Originally a blockhouse, but by the beginning of the 1600s, became a visita of Mission Nombre de Dios.[25]
Santa María de la Sena 30.57008, -81.45583[26] [27] [28] (Florida)1602It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama. [29]
San Antonio Possibly Georgia1602It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama. [30]
Chica Faya la Madalena Possibly GeorgiaBy 1602It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama.
VeracruzFlorida1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one-half league away from the mission.
Molo/MoloaFloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was five leagues from the mission.
PotayoFloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was four leagues from the mission.[31]
San MateoFloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was two leagues from the mission.
San PabloFloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one league and a half away from the mission.
HicachiricoFlorida1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one league from the mission. [32]
ChiniscaFloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was one league and a half from the mission.
Carabay/Sarabay FloridaBy 1602It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was a fourth of a league from the mission.
OlataycoPossibly GeorgiaBy 1604It served Mission San Pedro de Mocama. [33]
YoaGeorgiaBy 1609It served Mission Santa Catalina de Guale. Identified by John Tate Lanning as "two leagues up a mainland river back of the bars of Zapala [Sapelo Sound] and Cofonufo [St. Catherines Sound]".[34]
PiritiribaFlorida1701It served Mission San Juan del Puerto. It was three leagues away from the mission.[35]

Mexico

The following are lists of asistencias in Mexico, sorted by year of establishment.

Baja California

Spanish visitas in Baja California!Name!Image!Location!Established!Notes!Reference
Calamajué29.4211°N -114.195°W1766It served Misión San Francisco Borja.[36]
San Juan de Dios30.1828°N -115.1681°W1769It served Misión San Fernando Rey de España de Velicatá.[37]
30.9681°N -116.0919°W1798It served Misión Santo Domingo de la Frontera.[38]
San Isidoro30.7653°N -115.5472°WIt served Misión San Pedro Mártir de Verona.[39]
Santa Ana28.6903°N -113.8206°WIt served Misión San Francisco Borja de Adac.[40]

Baja California Sur

Spanish visitas in Baja California Sur!Name!Image!Location!Established!Notes!Reference
San Juan Bautista Londó26.2253°N -111.4736°W1699It served Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó. [41]
Angel de la Guarda23.8911°N -110.1708°W1721 It served Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí.[42]
24.8872°N -111.0306°W1721Established as the Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur Chillá, it was downgraded to a visita of Mission San Luis Gonzaga in 1741.[43] [44]
Todos Santos23.4603°N -110.2189°W1724Established as the Visita de Todos Santos to Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí. It became a mission in 1733 as the Misión Santa Rosa de las Palmas.[45] [46]
La Presentación25.7292°N -111.5436°W1769It served Misión San Francisco Javier de Viggé-Biaundó[47]
San José de Magdalena27.0583°N -112.1686°W1774It served Misión Santa Rosalía de Mulegé.[48]
San Pablo (y/o Los Dolores de Arriba)27.7022°N -113.145°WIt served Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur Chillá.[49]
San Jacinto23.2428°N -110.0772°WIt served Misión Santa Rosa de las Palmas (which used to be visita Todos Santos).[50]

Sonora

Spanish visitas in Sonora!Name!Image!Location!Established!Notes!Reference
Concepción CurimpoAfter 1614It served Mission Natividad Navojoa.[51]
Espíritu Santo CócoritBefore 1617Established as a mission some time before 1617. After 1617, it served Mission Santa Rosa de Bácum.
Trinidad Potam1617It served Mission Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Rahum. [52]
San Francisco Buenavista1619It served Mission San Francisco Xavier de Cumuripa. In 1765, a presidio was built here, as well as a new church whose construction started in 1772. The visita is now underwater.
San Francisco Xavier de Cumuripa1619It originally served Mission San Francisco de Borja de Tecoripa. Later it became a headquarters mission with two visitas.
San José de Pimas1620It originally served Mission San Francisco de Borja de Tecoripa. It became a headquarters mission in 1771.
San Joaquin y Santa Ana de Nuri1622It served Mission Santa Maria de Movas.[53]
San Ignacio Bacanora1627It originally served Mission San Xavier de Arivechi, but by 1793, it served Mission Nuestra Señora de los Angeles de Sahuaripa. [54]
Santa Rosalía de Onapa1627It served Mission San Xavier de Arivechi. It eventually became a mission with two/three visitas.
Pondia1627It originally served Mission San Xavier de Arivechi.
Nuestra Senora Asuncion Alamos1629It served Mission San José de Mátape.
Nuestra Señora de la Concepción de Baviácora1638It was originally founded as a head mission, with a visita at San Pedro Aconchi. Later it became a visita of Aconchi.
Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Nacameri1638It served Mission San Miguel de Ures, Mission Nuestra Señora del Populo del Seri, and Mission Nuestra Señora de la Ascención de Opodepe, in chronological order.
San Pedro Aconchi1639It was initially founded as a visita of Mission Nuestra Señora de la Concepción de Baviácora. Over time, that mission became its visita.[55]
Nuestra Señora de los Remedios de Beramitzi30.00765, -110.217681639It originally served Mission San Lorenzo de Güepaca. It eventually became a head mission, with the mission it used to serve (Guepaca) as its visita.
Nuestra Señora de la Ascención de Opodepe1644Originally served Mission Los Santos Reyes de Cucurpe. In 1762, it became a mission, with Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Nacameri as its visita.[56]
San Luis Gonzága de Bacadéhuachi1645It served Mission Nuestra Señora de Nácori Chico. Eventually, it became a mission with two visitas (one of them being San Ignacio Mochapa).
San Ignacio Mochapa1645It served Mission San Luis Gonzága de Bacadéhuachi[57]
San Miguel de Bavispe1645It served Mission Santa María Asunción Baserac.
San Juan Evangelista de Huachinera1645Originally served Mission Santa María de Baserac. It became a mission by 1688 and had one visita.
San Ignacio de Oputo1645It served Mission San Francisco Xavier de Guásavas.
Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Cumpas1645It originally served Mission San Miguel Arcángel de Oposura, then served Mission San Francisco Xavier de Guásavas.
San Miguel Bacoachi1648It served Mission Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Arizpe. Apparently either became a mission or was a mission at one point.
San José de Chinapa1648It served Mission Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Arizpe. Briefly an independent mission.[58]
San Francisco Xavier de Rebeico1673It served Mission San José de Mátape.
San Francisco Xavier de Maicoba1676It served Mission San Idelfonso de Yécora.
San José de Imuris1687It served Mission (Nuestro Padre) de San Ignacio de Cabórica.
San Juan de Bisani(n)gLikely 1690'sIt served Mission La Purísima Concepción de Nuestra Señora de Caborca. On Valentine's Day, 1694, it became a mission, and was named San Valentin del Bizani. However, it stayed as a visita for most of its life after. [59] [60]
Santa María Magdalena30.6302, -110.973431690It served Mission (Nuestro Padre) de San Ignacio de Cabórica. It may have had a visita at one point.[61] [62]
San Antonio (Paduano) de(l) Oquitoa30.74371, -111.734941690Founded by Father Eusebio Kino as a visita to Mission San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama. In 1756 it was a visita of Mission Santa Teresa de Atil.[63]
Santa Teresa de Atil1692It served Mission San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama.
San Diego del Pitiquito30.67504, -112.057611694It served Mission La Purísima Concepción de Nuestra Señora de Caborca.[64]
San Lázaro1695It served Mission Santa María Suamca.[65]
San Luis Baconacos1697At various times, it served Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi. Originally, Father Eusebio Kino founded a ranch here, and by 1706 its church was built.[66]
Santa María de Bugota/Santa María de Suamca1698It served Mission Nuestra Señora del Pilar y Santiago de Cocóspera. Founded by Father Eusebio Kino. He said the first mass there in 1698, but the actual church was built in 1706.[67]
San Ambrosio del Busanic y Tucubavia1698It served Mission Santa Gertrudis del Sáric.
San Bernardo de AquimuriBetween 1700-1701Founded by Father Eusebio Kino. It served Mission Santa Gertrudis del Sáric. By 1706, a church was built here, and stood till at least 1772.
San Ildefonso de OstimuriIt served Mission Santa Rosalia de Onapa.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: California Mission Life . Factcards.califa.org . 2015-06-12.
  2. Web site: Mission Trail Today - Mission Asistencias and Estancias . U.S. Mission Trail . 2015-06-17.
  3. Book: Worth, John E. . Timucua Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida. Volume 1: Assimilation . University Press of Florida . 1998 . 0-8130-1575-8 . Gainesville, Florida . 35.
  4. Hann . John H. . 1990 . Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . The Americas . 46 . 4 . 453–456 . 10.2307/1006866 . 1006866 . 0003-1615 . JSTOR.
  5. Burckhalter, David, Sedgwick, Mina, and Fontana, Bernard L. (2013), Baja California Missions, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, p. 17; Bolton, 1936
  6. Web site: 2022 . The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas . 2020-05-03 . Viva Baja.
  7. Web site: Tumacacori . Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067 . Us . AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact . San Ignacio de Sonoitac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-09-22 . www.nps.gov . en.
  8. Web site: Tumacacori . Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067 . Us . AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact . San Xavier del Bac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-09-09 . www.nps.gov . en.
  9. Web site: Parks . California State . California State Parks . 2024-09-09 . CA State Parks . en.
  10. Web site: Parks . California State . California State Parks . 2024-09-13 . CA State Parks . en.
  11. Mattison . Ray . 1946 . Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona . New Mexico Historical Review . 21 . 4 . 275 . NPS History.
  12. Seymour . Deni J. . 2012 . SANTA CRUZ RIVER: The Origin of a Place Name . The Journal of Arizona History . 53 . 1 . 81–88 . 41697406 . 0021-9053.
  13. Web site: Tumacacori . Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067 . Us . AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact . San José de Tumacácori - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-11-22 . www.nps.gov . en.
  14. Web site: Tumacacori . Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067 . Us . AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact . San Xavier del Bac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-09-07 . www.nps.gov . en.
  15. Web site: History . 2024-09-23 . Visit Arivaca . en-US.
  16. Mattison . Ray . 1946 . Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona . New Mexico Historical Review . 21 . 4 . 275.
  17. Seymour . Deni . 2003 . Sobaipuri-Pima Occupation in the Upper San Pedro Valley: San Pablo de Quiburi . New Mexico Historical Review . 78 . 2.
  18. Web site: Tumacacori . Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067 . Us . AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact . San Ignacio de Sonoitac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-09-08 . www.nps.gov . en.
  19. Web site: San Buenaventura de Cochiti - English - Spanish Missions/Misiones Españolas (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-11-22 . www.nps.gov . en.
  20. Bletzer . Michael P. . April 2020 . A Furtive Mission in Los Piros: Notes on the Archaeology of San Luis Obispo de Sevilleta . Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico . en . 46 . 25–40 . March 2, 2021.
  21. Web site: Santa Clara Mission Church - Spanish Missions/Misiones Españolas (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-11-22 . www.nps.gov . en.
  22. Web site: The Missions of New Mexico Since 1776 (Pojoaque) . 2024-11-22 . npshistory.com.
  23. Web site: Texas Missions .
  24. Web site: Association (TSHA) . Texas State Historical . The Spanish Missions in Texas . 2024-11-22 . Texas Almanac . en.
  25. Hann . John H. . 1990 . Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . The Americas . 46 . 4 . 432 . 10.2307/1006866 . 1006866 . 0003-1615.
  26. Web site: Florida Sites . 2024-08-27 . Historical Archaeology . en-US.
  27. Web site: The Doctrina of Santa Catalina de Guale at Santa Maria on Amelia Island (1686-1702) Historical Background and Mortuary Analysis - Publication Amelia Island Museum of History . 2024-08-27 . ameliaisland.pastperfectonline.com.
  28. Web site: Partridge . Dennis . 2021-06-29 . Harrison Cemetery — Amelia Island Genealogical Society . 2024-08-27 . en-US.
  29. Hann . John H. . 1990 . Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . The Americas . 46 . 4 . 453 . 10.2307/1006866 . 1006866 . 0003-1615.
  30. Hann . John H. . 1990 . Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . The Americas . 46 . 4 . 454 . 10.2307/1006866 . 1006866 . 0003-1615.
  31. Hann . John H. . 1990 . Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . The Americas . 46 . 4 . 455 . 10.2307/1006866 . 1006866 . 0003-1615.
  32. Hann . John H. . 1990 . Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . The Americas . 46 . 4 . 456 . 10.2307/1006866 . 1006866 . 0003-1615.
  33. Hann . John H. . 1990 . Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . The Americas . 46 . 4 . 451 . 10.2307/1006866 . 1006866 . 0003-1615.
  34. Hann . John H. . 1990 . Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . The Americas . 46 . 4 . 458 . 10.2307/1006866 . 1006866 . 0003-1615.
  35. Hann . John H. . 1990 . Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas. With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . The Americas . 46 . 4 . 436 . 10.2307/1006866 . 1006866 . 0003-1615.
  36. Web site: Sitio Visita de Calamajue · 21856 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico . 2024-09-10 . Sitio Visita de Calamajue · 21856 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico . en.
  37. Web site: San Juan de Dios . 2024-09-10 . www.elvigia.net . spanish.
  38. Web site: Part 3: Mission Visitas – Viva Baja . 2024-09-10 . en-US.
  39. Web site: Part 3: Mission Visitas – Viva Baja . 2024-09-10 . en-US.
  40. Web site: Part 3: Mission Visitas – Viva Baja . 2024-09-10 . en-US.
  41. Web site: 2022 . The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas . 2020-05-03 . Viva Baja.
  42. Web site: 2022 . The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas . 2020-05-03 . Viva Baja.
  43. Web site: The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 1: The Jesuit Missions 1697-1767 – Viva Baja . 2022-05-03 . vivabaja.com.
  44. Web site: 2014-08-10 . The Spanish Missions on the California Peninsula: #9, Nuestra Señora de los Dolores (1721-1741 at Apaté, 1741-1768 at La Pasión de Chillá) . 2022-05-02 . Discover Baja Travel Club . en-US.
  45. Web site: The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 1: The Jesuit Missions 1697-1767 – Viva Baja . 2022-05-03 . vivabaja.com.
  46. Web site: Santa Gertrudis Asistencia Historical Marker . 2024-09-09 . www.hmdb.org . en.
  47. Web site: 2022 . The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas . 2020-05-03 . Viva Baja.
  48. Web site: 2022 . The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas . 2020-05-03 . Viva Baja.
  49. Web site: 2022 . The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas . 2020-05-03 . Viva Baja.
  50. Web site: 2022 . The Spanish Missions of Baja California, Part 3: Mission Visitas . 2020-05-03 . Viva Baja.
  51. Eckhart . George B. . 1960 . A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 . Arizona and the West . 2 . 2 . 174 . 40167019 . 0004-1408.
  52. Eckhart . George B. . 1960 . A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 . Arizona and the West . 2 . 2 . 178 . 0004-1408.
  53. Eckhart . George B. . 1960 . A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 . Arizona and the West . 2 . 2 . 176 . 40167019 . 0004-1408.
  54. Eckhart . George B. . 1960 . A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 . Arizona and the West . 2 . 2 . 170 . 40167019 . 0004-1408.
  55. Eckhart . George B. . 1960 . A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 . Arizona and the West . 2 . 2 . 169 . 40167019 . 0004-1408.
  56. Eckhart . George B. . 1960 . A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 . Arizona and the West . 2 . 2 . 177 . 40167019 . 0004-1408.
  57. Eckhart . George B. . 1960 . A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 . Arizona and the West . 2 . 2 . 175 . 40167019 . 0004-1408.
  58. Eckhart . George B. . 1960 . A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 . Arizona and the West . 2 . 2 . 173 . 40167019 . 0004-1408.
  59. Web site: 2018-07-23 . Ruins of the San Valentin del Bizani Kino Mission . 2024-09-26 . Explore Sonora . en-US.
  60. Web site: Tumacacori . Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067 . Us . AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact . Nuestra Señora del Pópulo del Bisanig - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-09-26 . www.nps.gov . en.
  61. Web site: Tumacacori . Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067 . Us . AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact . Santa María Magdalena - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-09-30 . www.nps.gov . en.
  62. Ives . Ronald L. . 1948 . The Sonoran Census of 1730 . Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia . 59 . 4 . 319–339 . 44210049 . 0002-7790.
  63. Web site: Tumacacori . Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067 . Us . AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact . San Antonio Paduano del Oquitoa - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-10-02 . www.nps.gov . en.
  64. Web site: Tumacacori . Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067 . Us . AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact . San Diego del Pitiquito - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-10-03 . www.nps.gov . en.
  65. Web site: Tumacacori . Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067 . Us . AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact . Santa María Suamca - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) . 2024-10-23 . www.nps.gov . en.
  66. Eckhart . George B. . 1960 . A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 . Arizona and the West . 2 . 2 . 171 . 40167019 . 0004-1408.
  67. Eckhart . George B. . 1960 . A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 . Arizona and the West . 2 . 2 . 172 . 40167019 . 0004-1408.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Asistencias".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2025, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.