PARP4 explained

Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARP4 gene.^{[1] [2]}

This gene encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 1 protein, which is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction. This protein has a catalytic domain which is homologous to that of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, but lacks an N-terminal DNA binding domain which activates the C-terminal catalytic domain of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. Since this protein is not capable of binding DNA directly, its transferase activity may be activated by other factors such as protein-protein interaction mediated by the extensive carboxyl terminus.^[2]

Interactions

PARP4 has been shown to interact with Major vault protein.^{[3] [4]}

References

1. Still IH, Vince P, Cowell JK . Identification of a novel gene (ADPRTL1) encoding a potential Poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase protein . Genomics . 62 . 3 . 533–6 . Mar 2000 . 10644454 . 10.1006/geno.1999.6024 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: PARP4 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 4.
3. van Zon . Arend . Mossink Marieke H . Schoester Martijn . Scheffer George L . Scheper Rik J . Sonneveld Pieter . Wiemer Erik A C . Mar 2002 . Structural domains of vault proteins: a role for the coiled coil domain in vault assembly . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 291 . 3 . 535–41 . 0006-291X. 11855821 . 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6472 .
4. 10.1083/jcb.146.5.917 . Kickhoefer . V A . Siva A C . Kedersha N L . Inman E M . Ruland C . Streuli M . Rome L H . Sep 1999 . The 193-kD vault protein, VPARP, is a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase . J. Cell Biol. . 146 . 5 . 917–28 . 0021-9525. 10477748 . 2169495 .

Further reading

• Jean L, Risler JL, Nagase T, etal . The nuclear protein PH5P of the inter-alpha-inhibitor superfamily: a missing link between poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and the inter-alpha-inhibitor family and a novel actor of DNA repair? . FEBS Lett. . 446 . 1 . 6–8 . 1999 . 10100603 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00173-8 . 84807160 .
• Soldani C, Scovassi AI . Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 cleavage during apoptosis: an update. . Apoptosis . 7 . 4 . 321–8 . 2003 . 12101391 . 10.1023/A:1016119328968 . 23227862 .
• Bouchard VJ, Rouleau M, Poirier GG . PARP-1, a determinant of cell survival in response to DNA damage. . Exp. Hematol. . 31 . 6 . 446–54 . 2003 . 12829019 . 10.1016/S0301-472X(03)00083-3 . free .
• Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Jelene P, etal . Construction and characterization of a normalized cDNA library. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 91 . 20 . 9228–32 . 1994 . 7937745 . 10.1073/pnas.91.20.9228 . 44785 . 1994PNAS...91.9228S . free .
• Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, etal . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. V. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0161-KIAA0200) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1. . DNA Res. . 3 . 1 . 17–24 . 1996 . 8724849 . 10.1093/dnares/3.1.17 . free .
• Kickhoefer VA, Siva AC, Kedersha NL, etal . The 193-kD vault protein, VPARP, is a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. . J. Cell Biol. . 146 . 5 . 917–28 . 1999 . 10477748 . 10.1083/jcb.146.5.917 . 2169495 .
• Kickhoefer VA, Stephen AG, Harrington L, etal . Vaults and telomerase share a common subunit, TEP1. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 46 . 32712–7 . 2000 . 10551828 . 10.1074/jbc.274.46.32712 . free .
• Siva AC, Raval-Fernandes S, Stephen AG, etal . Up-regulation of vaults may be necessary but not sufficient for multidrug resistance. . Int. J. Cancer . 92 . 2 . 195–202 . 2001 . 11291045 . 10.1002/1097-0215(200102)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1168>3.0.CO;2-7 . free .
• van Zon A, Mossink MH, Schoester M, etal . Multiple human vault RNAs. Expression and association with the vault complex. . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 40 . 37715–21 . 2001 . 11479319 . 10.1074/jbc.M106055200 . free .
• van Zon A, Mossink MH, Schoester M, etal . Structural domains of vault proteins: a role for the coiled coil domain in vault assembly. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 291 . 3 . 535–41 . 2002 . 11855821 . 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6472 .
• Mazzon E, Dugo L, Li JH, etal . GPI 6150, a PARP inhibitor, reduces the colon injury caused by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in the rat. . Biochem. Pharmacol. . 64 . 2 . 327–37 . 2002 . 12123754 . 10.1016/S0006-2952(02)01075-4 .
• Liu TJ, Lin SY, Chau YP . Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation attenuates beta-lapachone-induced necrotic cell death in human osteosarcoma cells. . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. . 182 . 2 . 116–25 . 2002 . 12140175 . 10.1006/taap.2002.9438 .
• Nie Z, Phenix BN, Lum JJ, etal . HIV-1 protease processes procaspase 8 to cause mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, caspase cleavage and nuclear fragmentation. . Cell Death Differ. . 9 . 11 . 1172–84 . 2003 . 12404116 . 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401094 . 38809690 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Dunham A, Matthews LH, Burton J, etal . The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13. . Nature . 428 . 6982 . 522–8 . 2004 . 15057823 . 10.1038/nature02379 . 2665288 . 2004Natur.428..522D .
• Liu Y, Snow BE, Kickhoefer VA, etal . Vault poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is associated with mammalian telomerase and is dispensable for telomerase function and vault structure in vivo. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 24 . 12 . 5314–23 . 2004 . 15169895 . 10.1128/MCB.24.12.5314-5323.2004 . 419898 .