Virginia's 7th congressional district explained

Virginia's seventh congressional district is a United States congressional district in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The district is currently represented by Democrat Abigail Spanberger, first elected in 2018.

The district spans across much of Central and Northern Virginia including all of Orange, Culpeper, Spotsylvania, Greene County, Madison County, Fredericksburg, Caroline County, King George County, Stafford County, the south-eastern half of Prince William County, and a small sliver of Albemarle County.

History

Until the 1970s, the 7th district comprised the northern half of the Shenandoah Valley, now part of the strongly Republican sixth district. After the 1970 census, it lost most of the Valley except for Winchester, while picking up Manassas and Fredericksburg, thus stretching from the fringes of the Washington, D.C. suburbs to Charlottesville. This iteration of the 7th was one of the first areas of Virginia to shake off its Solid South roots. The area's Democrats started splitting their tickets as early as the 1930s. The Republicans took the seat in 1970, and held it without much difficulty until 1993.

The district's current configuration dates from 1993, when Virginia was forced to create a majority-minority district by a Justice Department directive. At that time, most of Richmond, which had been entirely in the old 3rd district for over a century, was shifted to a newly created 3rd district. The remaining territory in the old 3rd was combined with some more rural areas to the north to form the new 7th district.

From 2013 to 2017, the 7th district stretched from the west end of Richmond through the wealthier portions of Henrico and Chesterfield counties before taking in all of Goochland, Hanover, Louisa, New Kent, Orange, Culpeper, Page and Rappahannock counties and a portion of Spotsylvania County. In 2016, the adjacent 3rd district was found unconstitutional, leading to court-ordered redistricting which changed the 7th district for the 2016 elections.^{[5] [6]}

From 2017 to 2023, the district spanned across much of Central Virginia including all of Orange, Culpeper, Goochland, Louisa, Nottoway, Amelia, and Powhatan counties. The district also included large portions of Chesterfield and Henrico counties in the suburbs of Richmond. However, Richmond was not in the 7th. Spotsylvania County also had a large portion in the 7th district just outside of Fredericksburg.^[7]

Demographics

According to the United States Census Bureau's 2017 data for Virginia's 7th Congressional District, the total population of the district is 790,084. Median age for the district is 39.7 years. 65.5% of the district is Non-Hispanic White, 18.4% Black, 5.1% Asian, 0.3% Native American or Alaskan, and 3.4% some other race with 7.3% Hispanic or Latino. Owner-occupied housing is 73.0% and renter-occupied housing is 27.0%.^[8] The median value of single-family owner-occupied homes is $266,500. 91.6% of the district population has at least a high school diploma, 40.4% at least a bachelor's degree or higher. 9.1% of the district are civilian veterans. 9.1% are foreign born and 11.9% speak a language other than English at home. 9.9% are of disability status.^[9] 68.2% of the district is in the labor force, which consists of those 16 years and older. Mean travel time to work is 29.3 minutes. Median household income is $77,533. Per capita income is $37,567. 5.3% of the population account for families living below the poverty level, and 7.7% of individuals live below the poverty level.^[10] 9.5% of Children live below the poverty line.^[11]

Recent election results

2020s

Recent results in statewide elections

Results under current lines (since 2023)

Year	Office	Results
2008	President	Obama 52.4%–46.8%
2012	President	Obama 51.3%-47.6%
	Senator	Kaine 52.2%-47.7%
2013	Governor	Cuccinelli 49.0%-45.7%
	Lieutenant Governor	Northam 50.9%-49.0%
	Attorney General	Obenshain 51.7%–48.2%
2014	Senator	Gillespie 52.7%-45.35%
2016	President	Clinton 48.2%–46.0%
2017	Governor	Northam 52.2%-46.7%
	Lieutenant Governor	Fairfax 51.5%-48.4%
	Attorney General	Herring 51.8%–48.1%
2018	Senator	Kaine 55.7%-42.4%
2020	President	Biden 52.4%-45.7%
	Senator	Warner 53.9%-46.0%
2021	Governor	Youngkin 52.2%-47.0%
	Lieutenant Governor	Sears 52.2%-47.7%
	Attorney General	Miyares 51.9%-48.0%

Results under old lines

Year	Office	Results
1996	President	Dole 58%–35%[12]
	Senator	Warner 59%–41%[13]
1997	Governor	Gilmore 64%–34%[14]
	Lieutenant Governor	Hager 59%–37%[15]
	Attorney General	Earley 66%–34%[16]
2000	President	Bush 61%–37%[17]
	Senator	Allen 61%–38%[18]
2001	Governor	Earley 55%–44%[19]
	Lieutenant Governor	Katzen 52%–47%
	Attorney General	Kilgore 70%–30%
2002	Senator	Warner 86%–8%–6%[20]
2004	President	Bush 61%–38%[21]
2006	Senator	Allen 57%–42%[22]
2005	Governor	Kilgore 52%–46%[23]
	Lieutenant Governor	Bolling 58%–42%[24]
	Attorney General	McDonnell 58%–42%[25]
2008	President	McCain 53%–46%[26]
	Senator	Warner 60%–39%[27]
2009	Governor	McDonnell 65%–35%[28]
	Lieutenant Governor	Bolling 63%–37%[29]
	Attorney General	Cuccinelli 65%–35%[30]
2012	President	Romney 57%–42%[31]
	Senator	Allen 55%–45%[32]
2013	Governor	Cuccinelli 52%–38%–10%[33]
	Lieutenant Governor	Northam 51%–49%[34]
	Attorney General	Obenshain 58%–42%[35]
2014	Senator	Gillespie 56%–41%–3%[36]
2016	President	Trump 50%–44%[37]
2017	Governor	Gillespie 51%–48%[38]
	Lieutenant Governor	Vogel 53%–47%[39]
	Attorney General	Adams 53%–47%[40]
2018	Senator	Kaine 52%–46%[41]
2020	President	Biden 49%–48%[42]
2021	Governor	Youngkin 55%–44%[43]

List of members representing the district

Representative	Party	Term	Cong ress	Electoral history
District established March 4, 1789
align=left	John Page		Anti-Administration	nowrap	March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1793		Elected in 1789. Re-elected in 1790. Redistricted to the .
align=left rowspan=2	Abraham B. Venable		Anti-Administration	nowrap	March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795		Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1793. Re-elected in 1795. Re-elected in 1797. Retired.
	Democratic-Republican	nowrap	March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1799
align=left	John Randolph		Democratic-Republican	nowrap	March 4, 1799 – March 3, 1803		Elected in 1799. Re-elected in 1801. Redistricted to the .
align=left	Joseph Lewis Jr.		Federalist	nowrap	March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1813		Elected in 1803. Re-elected in 1805. Re-elected in 1807. Re-elected in 1809. Re-elected in 1811. Redistricted to the .
align=left	Hugh Caperton		Federalist	nowrap	March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815		Elected in 1813. Lost re-election.
align=left	Ballard Smith		Democratic-Republican	nowrap	March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1821		Elected in 1815. Re-elected in 1817. Re-elected in 1819. Lost re-election.
align=left	William Smith		Democratic-Republican	nowrap	March 4, 1821 – March 3, 1823		Elected in 1821. Redistricted to the .
align=left	Jabez Leftwich		Democratic-Republican	nowrap	March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825		Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1823. Lost re-election.
Nathaniel Claiborne		Jacksonian	nowrap	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1835		Elected in 1825. Re-elected in 1827. Re-elected in 1829. Re-elected in 1831. Re-elected in 1833. Re-elected in 1835. Lost re-election.
	Anti-Jacksonian	nowrap	March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837
align=left	Archibald Stuart		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839		Elected in 1837. Lost re-election.
align=left	William L. Goggin		Whig	nowrap	March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1843		Elected in 1839. Re-elected in 1841. Lost re-election.
align=left	Henry A. Wise		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1843 – February 12, 1844		Elected in 1843. Resigned.
Vacant		nowrap	February 13, 1844 – May 5, 1844
align=left	Thomas H. Bayly		Democratic	nowrap	May 6, 1844 – March 3, 1853		Elected to finish Wise's term. Re-elected in 1845. Re-elected in 1847. Re-elected in 1849. Re-elected in 1851. Redistricted to the .
align=left	William Smith		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1861		Elected in 1853. Re-elected in 1855. Re-elected in 1857. Re-elected in 1859. Resigned.
Vacant		nowrap	March 4, 1861 – May 22, 1861
align=left	Charles H. Upton		Unionist		nowrap	May 23, 1861 – February 27, 1862	Election invalidated.
Vacant		nowrap	February 28, 1862 – February 15, 1863
align=left	Lewis McKenzie		Unionist		nowrap	February 16, 1863 – March 3, 1863	Elected to finish Upton's term. Lost re-election.[44]
District inactive		nowrap	March 4, 1863 – January 30, 1870		Civil War and Reconstruction
align=left	Lewis McKenzie		Conservative	nowrap	January 31, 1870 – March 3, 1871		Elected in 1870. Lost re-election.
align=left	Elliott M. Braxton		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873		Elected in 1870. Lost re-election.
align=left	John T. Harris		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1881		Elected in 1872. Re-elected in 1874. Re-elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. Retired.
align=left	John Paul		Readjuster	nowrap	March 4, 1881 – September 5, 1883		Elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. Appointed U.S. District Court judge.
Vacant		nowrap	September 6, 1883 – May 4, 1884
align=left	Charles T. O'Ferrall		Democratic	nowrap	May 5, 1884 – December 28, 1893		Elected to finish Paul's term. Re-elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Retired to run for Governor of Virginia.
Vacant		nowrap	December 29, 1893 – January 29, 1894
align=left	Smith S. Turner		Democratic	nowrap	January 30, 1894 – March 3, 1897		Elected to finish O'Ferrall's term. Re-elected in 1894. Retired.
align=left	James Hay		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1897 – October 1, 1916		Elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Appointed U.S. Claim Court judge.
Vacant		nowrap	October 2, 1916 – November 6, 1916
align=left	Thomas W. Harrison		Democratic	nowrap	November 7, 1916 – December 15, 1922		Elected to finish Hay's term. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Election invalidated.
align=left	John Paul Jr.		Republican	nowrap	December 15, 1922 – March 3, 1923		Elected in 1922. Lost re-election.
align=left	Thomas W. Harrison		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1929		Elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Lost re-election.
align=left	Jacob A. Garber		Republican	nowrap	March 4, 1929 – March 3, 1931		Elected in 1928. Lost re-election.
align=left	John W. Fishburne		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1931 – March 3, 1933		Elected in 1930. Retired.
District inactive		nowrap	March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1935
align=left	Absalom Willis Robertson		Democratic	nowrap	January 3, 1935 – November 5, 1946		Elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Resigned to run for U.S. senator.
align=left	Burr Harrison		Democratic	nowrap	November 5, 1946 – January 3, 1963		Elected to finish Robertson's term. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Retired.
align=left	John O. Marsh Jr.		Democratic	nowrap	January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1971		Elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Retired.
align=left	J. Kenneth Robinson		Republican	nowrap	January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1985		Elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Retired.
align=left	D. French Slaughter Jr.		Republican	nowrap	January 3, 1985 – November 5, 1991		Elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Resigned.
align=left	George F. Allen		Republican	nowrap	November 5, 1991 – January 3, 1993		Elected to finish Slaughter's term. Retired to run for Governor of Virginia.
align=left	Thomas J. Bliley Jr.		Republican	nowrap	January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2001			Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Retired.
align=left	Eric Cantor		Republican	nowrap	January 3, 2001 – August 18, 2014		Elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Lost renomination and then resigned.
Vacant		nowrap	August 18, 2014 – November 12, 2014
align=left	Dave Brat		Republican	nowrap	November 12, 2014 – January 3, 2019		Elected to finish Cantor's term and also to the next term. Re-elected in 2016. Lost re-election.
align=left	Abigail Spanberger		Democratic	nowrap	January 3, 2019 – present		Elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Retiring at end of term to run for governor of Virginia.
align=left	Eugene Vindman (elect)		Democratic	January 3, 2025		Elected in 2024.

Historical district boundaries

The Virginia Seventh District started in 1788 covering the counties of Essex, Richmond, Westmoreland, Northumberland, Lancaster, Gloucester, Middlesex, King and Queen, King William and Caroline.^[45]

See also

• Virginia's congressional districts
• List of United States congressional districts

References

• Book: Martis, Kenneth C.. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. 1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York.
• Book: Martis, Kenneth C.. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. 1982. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York.
• Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

37.9681°N -77.7467°W

Notes and References

1. Web site: Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based). US Census Bureau. Geography. www.census.gov. April 6, 2018.
2. Web site: Congressional District 7, VA - Profile data - Census Reporter.
3. Web site: My Congressional District.
4. Web site: July 12, 2022 . 2022 Cook PV: District Map and List . January 8, 2023. The Cook Political Report.
5. Web site: Andrew Cain . Richmond Times-Dispatch . Judges impose new Va. congressional map, redrawing 3rd, 4th Districts | Virginia Politics . 2016-01-07 . 2017-05-06.
6. News: Dispatch . PATRICK WILSON Richmond Times . Fueled by suburban votes, Spanberger beats Brat in 7th District House race . 7 November 2018 . Richmond Times-Dispatch . en.
7. Web site: Virginia's 7th Congressional District – VA-07 Representatives & District Map – GovTrack.us. GovTrack.us. April 6, 2018.
8. Web site: Congressional District 7, VA - Profile data - Census Reporter.
9. Web site: DISABILITY CHARACTERISTICS/2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. https://archive.today/20200212082458/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_1YR/S1810/5001100US5107. dead. February 12, 2020. United States Census Bureau. September 15, 2012.
10. Web site: SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS/2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://archive.today/20200212083102/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/5001100US5107. dead. February 12, 2020. United States Census Bureau. September 15, 2012.
11. Web site: Congressional District 7, VA - Profile data - Census Reporter.
12. Web site: Summarized by Congressional District. Commonwealth Of Virginia – State Board of Elections ELECTION RESULTS November 5, 1996 General Election For Office of PRESIDENT/VICE PRESIDENT of the United States. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. December 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121228232425/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/1996/results1996-presvpres-district_totals.htm. dead.
13. Web site: Summarized by Congressional District. Commonwealth Of Virginia – State Board of Elections ELECTION RESULTS November 5, 1996 General Election For Office of UNITED STATES SENATE. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. July 24, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130724230548/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/1996/results1996-us_senate-district_totals.htm. dead.
14. Web site: Summary by Congressional District. Commonwealth Of Virginia/ELECTION RESULTS/NOVEMBER 4, 1997 GENERAL ELECTION/For Office of GOVERNOR/By Congressional District. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. December 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121228232100/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/1997/GOV97DST.htm. dead.
15. Web site: Commonwealth Of Virginia ELECTION RESULTS NOVEMBER 4, 1997 GENERAL ELECTION For Office of LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR By Congressional District. Commonwealth Of Virginia/ELECTION RESULTS/NOVEMBER 4, 1997 GENERAL ELECTION/For Office of LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR/By Congressional District. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. December 19, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131219182053/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/1997/Ltgovdst.htm. dead.
16. Web site: SUMMARY OF NOVEMBER 4, 1997 GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS/by Congressional District. Commonwealth Of Virginia/ELECTION RESULTS/NOVEMBER 4, 1997 GENERAL ELECTION/For Office of ATTORNEY GENERAL/By Congressional District. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. December 19, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131219182155/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/1997/ag97_dst.htm. dead.
17. Web site: U.S. President/Vice-President. Commonwealth of Virginia/November 7, 2000 – General Election/OFFICIAL ELECTION RESULTS. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20100617114507/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/2000/nov/nov2000/#01. June 17, 2010. dead. mdy-all.
18. Web site: U.S. Senate. Commonwealth of Virginia/November 7, 2000 – General Election/OFFICIAL RESULTS. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. January 31, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140131213452/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/2000/nov/nov2000/ussenate.htm. dead.
19. Web site: Official Results/Governor. General Election – November 6, 2001. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. December 29, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121229000128/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/2001/nov2001/html/d_03.htm. dead.
20. Web site: Official Results/U.S. Senate. November 5, 2002 General Election Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. December 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121228235050/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/2002/nov/d_02.htm. dead.
21. Web site: Official Results/President. Commonwealth of Virginia/November 2nd – General Election. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121228232314/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/2004/Nov2004/#01. December 28, 2012. dead. mdy-all.
22. Web site: Official Results/U.S. Senate. General Election – November 7, 2006. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20130813131958/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/2006/Nov/htm/index.htm#02. August 13, 2013. dead. mdy-all.
23. Web site: Official Results/Governor. General Election – November 8, 2005. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. December 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121228235809/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/2005/nov2005/html/d_03.htm. dead.
24. Web site: Official Results/Lieutenant Governor. General Election – November 8, 2005. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. July 16, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120716185816/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/2005/nov2005/html/d_04.htm. dead.
25. Web site: Official Results/Attorney General. General Election – November 8, 2005. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. July 16, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120716185803/http://www.sbe.virginia.gov/ElectionResults/2005/nov2005/html/d_05.htm. dead.
26. Web site: President>President And Vice President>Votes By District. November 2008 Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000450/https://www.voterinfo.sbe.virginia.gov/election/DATA/2008/07261AFC-9ED3-410F-B07D-84D014AB2C6B/Official/1_d_89BE12EC-7BBF-479C-935A-9B8C51DD3524_s.shtml. dead.
27. Web site: Congress>U.S. Senate>United States Senate>Votes By District. November 2008 Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 17, 2012. June 11, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140611233021/https://www.voterinfo.sbe.virginia.gov/election/DATA/2008/07261AFC-9ED3-410F-B07D-84D014AB2C6B/Official/5_d_0F4812A9-B835-4B53-9D64-99F6A1DA3945_s.shtml. dead.
28. Web site: Governor>Votes by District. November 2009 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. April 1, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120401165843/https://www.voterinfo.sbe.virginia.gov/election/DATA/2009/37C2EDEB-FACB-44C1-AF70-05FB616DCD62/Official/2_d_41C57304-C645-42F9-B344-968D3EE33B12_s.shtml. dead.
29. Web site: Lieutenant Governor>Votes by District. November 2009 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. January 11, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140111193403/https://www.voterinfo.sbe.virginia.gov/election/DATA/2009/37C2EDEB-FACB-44C1-AF70-05FB616DCD62/Official/3_d_486A1522-49F4-4C3F-A8AF-AF34F83C7978_s.shtml. dead.
30. Web site: Attorney General>Votes by District. November 2009 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. September 16, 2012. January 11, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140111193359/https://www.voterinfo.sbe.virginia.gov/election/DATA/2009/37C2EDEB-FACB-44C1-AF70-05FB616DCD62/Official/4_d_8BB30DFB-A850-4B96-B2C1-370D5C7FF9A4_s.shtml. dead.
31. Web site: President>President And Vice President>Votes By District. November 2012 Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. March 2, 2013. August 9, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160809052651/https://www.voterinfo.sbe.virginia.gov/election/DATA/2012/68C30477-AAF2-46DD-994E-5D3BE8A89C9B/Official/1_d_1323CEA4-0C91-4BA4-BEC1-ECF0B10F499F_s.shtml. dead.
32. Web site: Congress>U.S. Senate>United States Senate>Votes By District. November 2012 Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. March 2, 2013. January 11, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140111184738/https://www.voterinfo.sbe.virginia.gov/election/DATA/2012/68C30477-AAF2-46DD-994E-5D3BE8A89C9B/Official/5_d_DE97580C-F069-4752-92FF-28FB0BBAE1C4_s.shtml. dead.
33. Web site: Governor>Votes by District. November 2013 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. August 8, 2017.
34. Web site: Lieutenant Governor>Votes by District . November 2013 General Election Official Results . Virginia State Board of Elections. August 8, 2017.
35. Web site: Attorney General>Votes by District . November 2013 General Election Official Results . Virginia State Board of Elections. August 8, 2017.
36. Web site: Congress . November 2014 General Election Official Results . Virginia State Board of Elections. August 8, 2017.
37. Web site: President>President And Vice President>Votes By District. November 2016 Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. February 1, 2017.
38. Web site: Governor>Votes by District. November 2017 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. January 23, 2018.
39. Web site: Lieutenant Governor>Votes by District . November 2017 General Election Official Results . Virginia State Board of Elections. January 23, 2018.
40. Web site: Attorney General>Votes by District . November 2017 General Election Official Results . Virginia State Board of Elections. January 23, 2018.
41. Web site: 2018 U.S. Senate Results by Congressional District. The Virginia Public Access Project. en. 2018-06-16.
42. Web site: Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012.
43. 1460659975093686275. greggiroux. Certified results of Virginia governor's election by current congressional district:. November 16, 2021.
44. Web site: Our Campaigns - VA - District 07 Race - May 28, 1863.
45. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081883278&seq=658 Statute of 20 November 1788