Tucano language explained
| Tucano |
| Nativename: | ye’pâ-masa yee uúku͂sehé |
| States: | Brazil, Colombia |
| Ethnicity: | Tucano people |
| Speakers: | 4,600 in Brazil |
| Date: | 2006 |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Speakers2: | 7,020 in Colombia (2012), including Pisamira |
| Familycolor: | American |
| Fam1: | Tucanoan |
| Fam2: | Eastern |
| Fam3: | North |
| Nation: |  Brazil (São Gabriel da Cachoeira) |
| Lc1: | tuo |
| Ld1: | Tucano |
| Lc2: | arj |
| Ld2: | Arapaso |
| Glotto: | tuca1252 |
| Glottoname: | Tucano |
| Glotto2: | arap1275 |
| Glottoname2: | Arapaso |
| Elp2: | 1705 |
| Elpname2: | Arapaso |
| Map: | Tucano.png |
Tucano, also Tukano or Tucana, endonym ye’pâ-masa yee uúku͂sehé,[1] is a Tucanoan language spoken in Amazonas, Brazil and Colombia.
Many Tariana people, speakers of the endangered Tariana language are switching to Tucano.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|
| Plosive | plain | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| voiced | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| Nasal | (pronounced as /ink/) | (pronounced as /ink/) | | (pronounced as /ink/) | |
|---|
| Fricative | | pronounced as /ink/ | | | pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| Trill | | pronounced as /ink/ | | | |
|---|
| Approximant | pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ | | | |
|---|
Nasal sounds [m n ŋ] are variants of voiced stops /b d ɡ/ between nasal vowels. Stops may also be heard as
prenasalized [ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ] after nasal vowels. /w/ can be heard as a nasal bilabial semivowel pronounced as /link/ in the environment of nasal vowels. Allophones of /ɾ/ can be heard as pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/.
[2] [3] Vowels
| Front | Central | Back |
|---|
| High | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| Mid | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ |
|---|
| Low | | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | | |
|---|
See also
References
Spanish
Bibliography
- A Fala Tukano dos Ye'pâ-Masa: Tomo I: Gramática . Henri Ramirez (1997) · Manaus: Inspetoria Salesiana Missionária da Amazônia, CEDEM.
- Welch, Betty and West, Birdie (2000). In Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva edited by González de Pérez, María Stella and Rodríguez de Montes, María Luisa. Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
- Bibliografía de la familia lingüística Tukano (antes Betoya) (pp. 79-104). Marcelino de Castellvi (1939). In Proceedings of the second convention of the Inter American Bibliographical and Library Association 2:2 Washington, D.C.
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. .
- Proto Tucanoan (pp. 119-149). Nathan E. Waltz and Alva Wheeler (1972). In Comparative Studies in Amerindian Languages Mouton de Gruyter.
External links
Notes and References
- Encyclopedia: uúku͂sehe (ye’pâ-masa yee uúku͂sehé) . A Fala Tukano dos Ye’pâ-Masa, Tomo II: Dicionário (versão atualizada, 2019) . 2019 . Ramirez . Henri . Inspetoria Salesiana Missionária da Amazônia . Manaus. 194.
- Book: West, Birdie. Phonemic system of Tucano. Welch. Betty. Norman: Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma. 1967. Viola G. Waterhouse (ed.), Phonemic systems of Colombian languages. 11-24.
- Aikhenvald, 1996.
