Tough guy hardcore explained

Tough guy hardcore
Cultural Origins:Mid–to late 1980s, New York City

Tough guy hardcore (also known as New York-style hardcore or new school hardcore) is a subgenre of hardcore punk with prominent influences from thrash metal. It makes use of groove-driven, palm muted guitar riffs, breakdowns, lyrics discussing hatred, personal struggles, unity, and a vocal style influenced by hip hop and oi!.

In the early to mid–1980s New York hardcore scene, bands including Agnostic Front and the Cro-Mags began cultivating a tough, street-wise and groove-driven take on hardcore punk which embraced elements of heavy metal music, particularly its palm muted guitar riffs. By the late 1980s, this developed into the first wave of tough guy hardcore bands: Breakdown, Killing Time, Judge and Sick of It All. During the 1990s, the genre continued with Madball and Biohazard being forefront bands in New York, while Blood for Blood, Strife, Hoods and NJ Bloodline expanded the sound across the United States. The genre received a revived interest in the 2000s through acts including No Warning, Death Before Dishonor and Terror, and into the 2010s and 2020s with Trapped Under Ice, Backtrack, Speed and Pain of Truth.

Characteristics

Over time, many New York hardcore bands developed a unique style that was based more around rhythm and less around the influence of punk. The palm muting guitar technique was a key aspect of this sound, as well as gang vocals, heavy guitar riffs and heavy breakdowns.[1] Punknews.org described tough guy as "heavy breakdowns, growly vocals" and "the occasional metal riff".[2] The sound is particularly indebted to thrash metal.[3]

Lyrics in the genre often discuss being macho,[4] unity, vigilance and interpersonal relationships,[5] particularly betrayal.[6] According to writer Brian J. Kochan, the genre "embraces the mystique of the gritty and hard working class lives of those in America's big cities".[7] NoEcho writer Chris Suffer defined the genre as "Lyrics fueled by hatred and personal struggles bred some of the most violent live shows in the world turning clubs... into battlegrounds for a few hours."[8] One notable element of the genre is the use of shouted, "sing-along" choruses, an aspect originally influenced by English oi! bands.[9]

Jake Tiernan of webzine Heavy Blog Is Heavy criticized tough guy hardcore for its perceived hypermasculinity, writing that it encourages a herd mentality and causes physical violence, which defies what punk, hardcore's roots, is about because punk is about individuality. Tiernan believed the genre hypermasculinity and socially mandatory mosh pits caused exclusion when the scene was initially intended to be about individuality and inclusion.[10]

History

Precursors

During hardcore punk's early years, many participants in the Washington, D.C., hardcore, Boston hardcore and New York hardcore scenes developed a "tough guy ethos"[11] through use of aggression, criminal violence and gang mentalites.[12] By 1984, the Washington, D.C. and Boston scenes had largely began to distance themselves from this way of thinking, leaving New York bands Agnostic Front, the Cro-Mags, Murphy's Law and Warzone to continue it unchallenged. For some bands, particularly the Cro-Mags there was an active effort to search out musicians who bore this ethos.[13] This was prominent enough within the band's sound that AllMusic writer Patrick Kennedy called their 1986 debut album the Age of Quarrel the "finest hour... [of] tough-guy hardcore".[14] As the New York hardcore scene progressed many of these bands began to take significant influence from heavy metal and hip hop.

The Big Takeover noted Detroit band Negative Approach as "building a template for... tough guy hardcore", cited them as creating "the loudest, meanest, nastiest, harshest noise in existence then".[15] Invisible Oranges cited the influence of Henry Rollins, of Black Flag, and his vocal style on the genre's vocal style.[16]

Origins (late 1980s to mid–1990s)

According to writer Tony Rettman, in his book NYHC (2015), Yonkers, New York band Breakdown, formed in 1987, were one of the first bands to define tough guy hardcore. The same year Judge released their debut EP New York Crew, which Crack magazine described as the record that took New York's "tough guy mentality to new heights".[17] Other bands pushing this sound at the time included Sick of It All, Sheer Terror and Killing Time.[18] [19] One of the earliest bands to expand the sound's influence outside of New York was Inside Out from Orange County, California, formed in 1988.

Madball, formed in 1988, were credited by Riverfront Times as the band that defined tough guy hardcore,[20] and by Stereogum as "an archetypal tough-guy hardcore band".[21] During the 1990s, they became one of the most prominent bands in New York hardcore.[22] [23] with other New York bands continuing the sound including Pro-Pain,[24] Merauder[25] and No Redeeming Social Value.[26] Biohazard's merger of hip hop and tough guy hardcore, in particular, was widely successful,[27] with their 1992 single "Punishment" gaining significant airplay on MTV. The band's 1993 collaboration with rap group Onyx on the remix of "Slam" was certified platinum.[28] Gradually, tough guy hardcore became so ubiquitous of the New York hardcore scene that the style became popularly known as "New York–style hardcore",[29] or simply "New York hardcore".[30]

Developments (mid–1990s to present)

During the 1990s, many bands from outside of New York began to play the style, including Blood for Blood, Strife, Hoods[31] [32] and NJ Bloodline.[33] Of Blood for Blood, Lambgoat.com wrote "They've always sort of been the hardcore equivalent of N.W.A., keeping it 'realer' than anyone else and actually being tough guys who play so-called tough-guy hardcore".[34] As the sound was expanded upon by groups from outside of New York, it ultimately became a more dominant sound in the hardcore scene than its original punk-based sound, becoming what is thought of "when you say 'hardcore'",[35] and subsequently termed "new school hardcore".[36] [37] [38]

Additionally, during this decade the genre's influence went on to be embraced by groups outside of the genre such as Sepultura,[39] Pantera[40] and Throwdown.[41] The genre's breakdowns influenced the sound of Long Island death metal band Suffocation, this aspect helped the band to pioneer the brutal death metal genre.[42] The genre quickly developed a subgenre slam death metal, which put a greater emphasis on the elements of New York–style hardcore[43] with notable groups including Internal Bleeding,[44] Devourment[45] and Cephalotripsy.[46] [47] Furthermore, tough guy hardcore influenced the development of metalcore,[48] [49] as well as beatdown hardcore,[50] which was pioneered by Bulldoze, with their 1996 album The Final Beatdown giving the genre its name.[51] [52]

The 2000s saw the popularity of Death Before Dishonor, Terror, No Warning,[53] [54] [55] Lionheart,[56] Sworn Enemy[57] and First Blood.[58] Lambgoat.com called No Warning's debut album Ill Blood (2002) "Bridge 9's most prolific releases", stating that with its influence "the classic New York sound was brought to the masses in popular waves that had not been seen since Strife became the most convincing non-New York band to do it in the early 1990s...With the advent of No Warning’s popularity, the New York scene finally shed whatever underground status it had left as young fans scrambled to see who influenced them. And they discovered those bands. And then they formed their own bands."[59] During this time, Agnostic Front, who had influenced the development of the style, changed their style to tough guy hardcore.[60] [61] Additionally, the sound's influence was seen in bands outside of the genre, including Emmure[62] and the Ghost Inside,[63] as well as playing a part in the pioneering of the deathcore genre,[64] [65]

In the 2010s, Trapped Under Ice,[66] Incendiary[67] and Backtrack became prominent players in the style.[68] [69] At the beginning of the decade, Trapped Under Ice were widely influential and emulated.[70] The 2020s saw the popularity of Speed,[71] Never Ending Game[72] and Pain of Truth. During this period, some bands the embraced influence of the genre, but subverted its tough guy ethos by merging embracing more upbeat and melodic elements, including Turnstile,[73] High Vis[74] and Higher Power.[75]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 5 Under the Radar Metal Bands That Are Pushing Boundaries . Radio.com . October 21, 2013 . November 11, 2017 . March 30, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140330070834/http://news.radio.com/2013/10/21/5-under-the-radar-metal-bands-that-are-pushing-boundaries/ . live . Tough guy hardcore has been around as long as I have. An impressive act here and there have combined circle pits and gang vocals with elements of Metallica-type thrash, but none in recent years have pushed that hybrid to the brink quite like Dallas, Texas’ Power Trip..
  2. Web site: Hoods – Pray For Death . Punknews.org . Jim . June 27, 2003 . November 16, 2017 . April 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220430190348/https://www.punknews.org/review/2047/hoods-pray-for-death . live .
  3. Web site: 5 Under the Radar Metal Bands That Are Pushing Boundaries . Radio.com . October 21, 2013 . November 11, 2017 . March 30, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140330070834/http://news.radio.com/2013/10/21/5-under-the-radar-metal-bands-that-are-pushing-boundaries/ . live . Tough guy hardcore has been around as long as I have. An impressive act here and there have combined circle pits and gang vocals with elements of Metallica-type thrash, but none in recent years have pushed that hybrid to the brink quite like Dallas, Texas’ Power Trip..
  4. Web site: MCCRACKEN . MATT . NEVER ENDING GAME Halo & Wings EP . . 21 August 2023.
  5. Web site: Rogowski . Jordan . Skycamefalling 10.21 (2001) . December 17, 2004 . 24 August 2023.
  6. Web site: Rogowski . Jordan . Black My Heart Before the Devil (2005) . January 10, 2006 . 24 August 2023.
  7. Web site: Youth Culture and Identity: A Phenomenology of Hardcore . Kochan . Brian J. . . 2006 . November 10, 2006 . July 27, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150727071434/http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1283&context=etd . live .
  8. Web site: Suffer . Chris . 20 Underrated New Jersey Metallic Hardcore Records From 1995-2005 . 16 July 2021 . 9 November 2024.
  9. Book: Travis . Tiffini . Hardy . Perry . Skinheads: A Guide to an American Subculture (Guides to Subcultures and Countercultures) . 13 April 2012 . Greenwood . 28–29 . The style known as NYHC started in the early 1980s and was characterized by "driving machine gun drum beats, fast heavy guitar riffs, and simple repetitive bass lines." Also included in most NYHC was what is now known as "the breakdown" - a quintessential break in the song that would send the listeners into a full-blown frenzy. The vocals were shouted, and many bands had sing-along choruses to encourage audience participation. Lyrics of songs reflected themes of unity, brotherhood, and social justice... It is important to keep in mind that Oi! music originated in England and that American skinheads listened to those bands. As Harley Flanagan recalls, "We were aware of what was going on over there and it was influencing bands... with sing-along anthems.".
  10. Web site: No More Mr. Tough Guy: The Issue With Machismo In Hardcore . Heavy Blog is Heavy . January 22, 2016 . Tiernan . Jake . June 8, 2021 . June 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210608130901/https://www.heavyblogisheavy.com/2016/01/22/no-more-mr-tough-guy-the-issue-with-machismo-in-hardcore/ . live .
  11. Book: Hurchalla . George . Going Underground American Punk 1979-1989 . 29 January 2016 . PM Press. When bands like Warzone, Murphy's Law, Cro-Mags, and Agnostic Front began attracting large skinhead followings, however, violence in the scene became more commonplace. Faced with early hostility from the DC and Boston crews who came with their bands to town, New York fought back by attempting to uphold its reputation as the toughest city in the country. A whole mythology and movement built up around "mean streets" hardcore. Rather than embracing individualism, there were a lot of kids just attracted to being in a gang or "crew." They were a little late on the harder than hardcore bandwagon, though, because the DC and Boston crews had largely grown out of their aggressive ways by 1984, leaving NY free to carry the mantle of tough guy hardcore unchallenged..
  12. How Hardcore Conquered New York . . Sanneh . Kelefa . March 9, 2015 . June 7, 2021 . January 4, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104230554/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/03/09/united-blood . live .
  13. Book: Rettman . Tony . NYHC : New York Hardcore 1980–1990 . 2015 . Brooklyn, NY . 9781935950127 . 212 . Underneath his facade and front street thing, Harley below all that is a real artist. Even though he was trying to form this band of tough guys, he had very little tolerance for people who had genuine power; this parade of knuckleheads went by the wayside quickly..
  14. Web site: Before the Quarrel – Cro-Mags . AllMusic . Kennedy . Patrick . November 12, 2017 . November 13, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171113115547/https://www.allmusic.com/album/before-the-quarrel-mw0000090599 . live .
  15. Web site: Berlyant . Matthew . Negative Approach with Blacklisted - First Unitarian Church (Philadelphia, PA) - Sunday, December 6, 2009 . . 10 November 2024.
  16. Web site: Bullpen Bulletins #3: Metal & Hardcore - Regurging the Merging . . 1 November 2024.
  17. Web site: Black . Billy . POSITIVE MENTAL ATTITUDE: 5 ESSENTIAL YOUTH CREW RECORDS . . 24 August 2023.
  18. Book: Rettman . Tony . NYHC : New York Hardcore 1980–1990 . 2015 . Brooklyn, NY . 9781935950127 . 294–295 . Breakdown is considered one of the first "tough guy" bands to come out of New York. When Breakdown started playing, the Sick of It All demo had just come out a few months earlier. Sheer Terror was still slogging it out with demos, trying to make a name for themselves. The Krakdown demo had just come out, along with Leeway's Enforcer demo, plus Rest in Pieces and stuff like that. Some of the original NYHC bands were slowly disappearing, like Major Conflict, Reagan Youth, and Antidote. Around 1986 and 1987 a whole new wave of bands emerged that were influenced by the original New York bands but added something different..
  19. Book: Koenig . David . New York Hardcore 1986–1993 . Aug 8, 2020 . PPR . Mexico City . 109 . I really soured on hard New York hardcore bands. I started avoiding shows with bands like Killing Time, Burn and Sick of It All, bands that I really liked. As the tough guy sound got more and more popular in the 1990s, the violence just got worse..
  20. Web site: Madball . Levi . Josh . . August 4, 2011 . November 12, 2017 . November 13, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165336/https://www.riverfronttimes.com/stlouis/madball/Content?oid=2495583 . live .
  21. Web site: BREIHAN . TOM . The Month In Hardcore: May 2021 . . 14 May 2021 . 10 October 2024.
  22. Andersen, Mark and Jenkins, Mark (2001). Dance of Days: Two Decades of Punk in the Nation's Capital. (New York: Soft Skull Press). .
  23. Blush, Steven (2001). American Hardcore: A Tribal History. (Los Angeles: Feral House). .
  24. Web site: Paratt . Gregg . Pro-Pain The Final Revolution . . 10 November 2024.
  25. Web site: Breiham . Tom . Album Of The Week: Pain Of Truth Not Through Blood . . 5 September 2023 . 10 November 2024.
  26. Web site: Hearon . Liza . No Redeeming Social Value . 13 December 2001 . 10 November 2024.
  27. Web site: Law . Sam . The 50 Best Albums From 1990 . . 8 July 2020 . 13 October 2024.
  28. Book: Def Jam, Inc., Russell Simmons, Rick Rubin, and the Extraordinary Story of the World's Most Inf (by Stacy Gueraseva) - page 239. play.google.com . 30 March 2011 . Random House Publishing . 978-0-307-52039-5 . 2018-09-23.
  29. Web site: Dude . Mike . Forfeit The Lower Depths [12 inch] (2009) ]. 26 February 2010 . 31 October 2024.
  30. Web site: VERDUCCI . RICHARD . Freddy Cricien (Madball) . 17 November 2010 . 10 October 2024.
  31. Web site: Hoods Pray For Death (2003) . 27 June 2003 . 9 November 2024.
  32. Web site: Hoods The King Is Dead . 9 November 2024.
  33. NJ BLOODLINE-Faceless (Too Damn Hype) . . 2001 . 45 . Metal-core groove with lumbering riffs, tempos and something of a hip-hop vocal delivery, albeit a very gruff one. Double-bass pedal in overdrive. Basically, this is pro-forma tough-guy stuff, perfect for a kick-boxing workout but not much else. Even when they speed it up, it sounds a bit clunky and the over-busy drumming hurts things. Not my thing at all..
  34. Web site: Blood For Blood Serenity . 9 November 2024.
  35. Web site: Q&A: Crime in Stereo Talk Breaking Up, Reuniting, What Cleveland Means, and the Two Types of Hardcore . . Ali . Reyan . November 23, 2012 . November 12, 2017 . November 13, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171113113337/https://www.villagevoice.com/2012/11/23/qa-crime-in-stereo-talk-breaking-up-reuniting-what-cleveland-means-and-the-two-types-of-hardcore/ . live .
  36. Pearson . David . Constructing Music of Rebellion in the Triumphant Empire: Punk Rock in the 1990s United States . CUNY Academic Works . September 2017 . 47 . "New School" in this instance refers to "New School Hardcore", which is what the 1990s musical descendants of NYHC were often called..
  37. Web site: Harp . Loyd . Song of the Day: Point of Recognition - Day of Defeat . 24 April 2020 . 10 November 2024.
  38. Web site: Smit . Jackie . From the East Coast to the West Coast . 10 November 2024.
  39. Web site: Prato . Greg . Max Cavalera of Soulfly (ex-Sepultura) . 1 November 2024.
  40. Web site: Why Metal Fans Should Hate Pantera . 1 November 2024.
  41. Web site: Throwdown Vendetta . . 10 November 2024.
  42. Web site: Lawson . Dom . Death metal: The bluffer's guide . . 10 December 2019 . 20 October 2024.
  43. Web site: All About Death Metal: 5 Notable Death Metal Bands . . 16 June 2021 . 28 August 2024.
  44. Book: Purcell . Natalie J. . Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture . September 17, 2015 . . 9780786484065 . 9 . Many New York style bands like Suffocation, Dying Fetus and Internal Bleeding are slam-orientated and bass-based; this sort of music promotes dancing with rapid shifts from low and slow to fast and blast..
  45. Web site: How Brutal Death Metal Is Confronting Its Misogyny Problem . . August 29, 2019 . January 19, 2021 . Zorgdrager . Bradley .
  46. Butler . Will . Cannabis Corpse - Beneath Grow Lights Thou Shalt Rise LP . Don't be Swindle . 1 . Most standard death metal, and particularly its more brutal offshoots, is just too damn serious. Not too many people can enthusiastically back slam metal shit like Devourment or Cephalotripsy..
  47. Book: Purcell . Natalie J. . Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture . September 17, 2015 . . 9780786484065 . 9 . Many New York style bands like Suffocation, Dying Fetus and Internal Bleeding are slam-orientated and bass-based; this sort of music promotes dancing with rapid shifts from low and slow to fast and blast..
  48. Web site: HARDCORE PUNK . 10 November 2024.
  49. Web site: Enis . Eli . 10 ESSENTIAL NEW YORK HARDCORE ALBUMS . . 10 November 2024 . As its very own sub-style of the broader tent genre, NYHC has an instantly recognizable sound and style with its own localized lineage, but it's also transcended its own area code and influenced many of the biggest hardcore bands of the last 30 years — from Hatebreed and No Warning to Power Trip and Turnstile. From the enduring works of metallic hardcore pioneers to the timeless exuberance of straight-edge provocateurs....
  50. Web site: Heilman . Max . 6 new albums to pick up on Bandcamp Friday . 5 November 2020 . 10 October 2024 . For anyone who wishes modern tough-guy hardcore music had more to offer than suburban chest-beating, look no further than Sunami. This band brings beatdown hardcore back to its source.
  51. Book: Steel . Jackson . Das Lexikon der Musikrichtungen – Was ist eigentlich Metal ?: Von Heavy Metal über Death Metal bis White Metal . July 13, 2016 . Neobooks . German . Ein besonderes Subgenre des Metallic Hardcores oder New School Hardcores ist der "Mosh Style", überwiegend auch als "Beatdown" bezeichnet und von Gruppen wie Insurgence und Undertow vertreten. Mosh-Core zeichnet sich durch einen langsameren Tempo Beat, Groove- Orientierung und harte Breakdowns mit Tempowechseln aus, die die Menschenmenge vor der Bühne zum "Moshen" animieren sollen. Als die Begründer des Beatdown Hardcore wird häufig die New Yorker Band Bulldoze genannt. Einige moderne Beatdown-Gruppen fügen ihrer Musik mittlerweile auch Rap-Parts hinzu..
  52. Book: Farin . Klaus . Möller . Kurt . Kerl sein. Kulturelle Szenen und Praktiken von Jungen . June 20, 2014 . Hirnkost . German . Als Begründer oder zumindest als Namensgeber gilt die New Yorker Hardcore-Band Bulldoze mit ihrem Song "Beatdown" von ihrem 1998 veröffentlichten Album The Final Beatdown..
  53. Web site: Brown . Nathan . No Warning: Ill Blood – album review . . 16 May 2013 . 13 October 2024.
  54. Web site: Cimarusti . Luca . A new power-poppy jam from Young Guv's upcoming LP . . 27 February 2015 . 13 October 2024.
  55. Web site: Anderson . Rick . Ill Blood No Warning . . 31 October 2024.
  56. Web site: Sievers . Alex . Album Review: Lionheart - 'Welcome To The West Coast II' . 10 November 2024.
  57. Web site: H . Josh . Sworn Enemy Maniacal . 10 November 2024.
  58. Web site: FIRST BLOOD Killafornia . 7 May 2006 . 10 November 2024.
  59. Web site: Gluck . Michael . Bottom Line NYC No One's Safe . 10 November 2024.
  60. Web site: Pratt . Greg . AGNOSTIC FRONT - MY LIFE MY WAY . . 10 November 2024.
  61. Web site: Agnostic Front Another Voice . 10 November 2024.
  62. Web site: Emmure Goodbye to the Gallows (2007) . 6 March 2007 . 10 November 2024.
  63. Web site: SYNYARD . DAVE . The Ghost Inside Fury And The Fallen Ones . . 10 November 2024.
  64. Web site: Duer . Brook . The Acacia Strain Continent (2008) . 27 January 2009 . 11 October 2024.
  65. John . Tracey . Despised Icon: the Heal Process . . 2004 . 132 . 39 . Though deathcore may cause purists to cringe, multiple listens should convince doubters that a band can find a middle ground between tough guy hardcore and destructive death metal..
  66. Web site: Trapped Under Ice Secrets of the World (2009) . September 2009 . 10 November 2024.
  67. Web site: Ustel . Scott . Incendiary Thousand Mile Stare . 10 November 2024.
  68. Web site: Bader . David Von . Terror and H2O Unloaded Hard Riffs and Flailing Limbs on Churchill's Pub, February 5 . . 9 November 2024.
  69. Web site: Henderson . Luke . Backtrack Lost In Life . 9 November 2024.
  70. Web site: Stewart . Ethan . CODE ORANGE'S 'THE ABOVE' IS 2023'S MOST AMBITIOUS HARDCORE ALBUM . . 28 September 2023 . 10 November 2024.
  71. Web site: DIERS . KEVIN . INTERVIEW: SPEED'S JEM TALKS CRUSHING NEW 6-SONG EP, 'A GANG CALLED SPEED' . 10 November 2024.
  72. Web site: MCCRACKEN . MATT . NEVER ENDING GAME Halo & Wings EP . . 16 October 2024.
  73. Web site: Camp . Zoe . Turnstile Are the Real Thing . . 10 November 2024.
  74. Web site: Tedder . Michael . Open Up the Pit: The State of Hardcore in a Post-Turnstile World . . 8 March 2023 . 10 November 2024.
  75. Web site: Madeley . Peter . Madball, Mama Roux's, Birmingham - review . . 30 June 2017 . 10 November 2024.

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