| Toshiko Abe | |
| Native Name Lang: | ja |
| Office: | Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology |
| Primeminister: | Shigeru Ishiba |
| Term Start: | 1 October 2024 |
| Predecessor: | Masahito Moriyama |
| Office1: | Member of the House of Representatives |
| Term Start1: | 11 September 2005 |
| Constituency1: | Chugoku PR (2005–2017; 2021–present) Okayama 3rd (2017–2021) |
| Alma Mater: | Miyagi Gakuin Women's Junior College Mitsui Memorial Hospital Nursing School University of Alabama at Birmingham University of Illinois at Chicago (PhD) |
| Party: | Liberal Democratic |
| Birth Date: | 19 May 1959 |
| Birth Place: | Ishinomaki, Japan |
Toshiko Abe (阿部 俊子, Abe Toshiko; born 19 May 1959) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet, since 2005.
A native of Miyagi Prefecture, she attended Miyagi Gakuin Women's Junior College and Mitsui Memorial Hospital Nursing School; University of Alabama at Birmingham, and University of Illinois at Chicago for her Doctorate (PhD.) in the United States.
She was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in September 2005. She currently resides in her home prefecture in Japan, and she is divorced from Bloomberg media professional, J. M. Moran (Chicago Illinois).