| Conventional Long Name: | Tenth Dynasty of Egypt |
| Era: | Bronze Age |
| Government Type: | Absolute monarchy |
| Image Map Caption: | Inscription on the tomb Khety II, nomarch of Pharaoh Merykare, Mariette |
| Year Start: | ca. 2130 BC |
| Year End: | ca. 2040 BC |
| P1: | Eighth Dynasty of Egypt |
| P2: | Ninth Dynasty of Egypt |
| S1: | Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt |
| Capital: | Herakleopolis Magna |
| Common Languages: | Egyptian language |
| Religion: | ancient Egyptian religion |
The Tenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty X) is often combined with the 7th, 8th, 9th and early 11th Dynasties under the group title First Intermediate Period.[1]
The 9th Dynasty was founded at Herakleopolis Magna, and the 10th Dynasty continued there. At this time Egypt was not unified, and there is some overlap between these and other local dynasties. The Turin Canon lists eighteen kings for this royal line, but their names are damaged, unidentifiable, or lost.[2]
The following is a possible list of rulers of the Tenth Dynasty based on the Turin Canon, as Egyptologists have differing opinions about the order of succession within the two dynasties. Among them, only Wahkare Khety and Merykare are undoubtedly attested by archaeological finds:
| Name | Image | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meryhathor(?) | Existence doubtful, known from a damaged graffito at Hatnub | ||
| Neferkare VIII | Might be the Kaneferre mentioned in the tomb of the nomarch Ankhtifi | ||
| Wahkare Khety III | Possibly the purported author of the Teaching for King Merykare | ||
| Merykare | Main opponent of the Theban pharaoh Mentuhotep II | ||
| [name lost] | An ephemeral ("x months") successor of Merykare |