Tell Dehaila Explained

Tell Dehaila (ar|تل دحيلة) is an ancient tell, or archaeological site in Iraq. Remains at the site range from the Isin-Larsa/Old-Babylonian to Neo-Babylonian periods.

Location

It is located in Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq, about 30 kilometers west of the ancient city of Ur. The settlement is in the bend of an ancient branch of the Euphrates and about 25 kilometers upstream of the ancient city of Eridu.

The name of this waterway is mentioned only once in a 1st millennium BC lexical list as =, the former being the Sumerian hydronym and the latter the Akkadian one. Since the Sumerian was not spoken since a long time when the lexical list was created, this unusually descriptive hydronym ("a waterway of the Eridu Plain") is questionable.

Archaeology

thumb|left|alt=Example of Tell Dehaila Pottery|Old-Babylonian pottery fragment. Decorated with bitumen applied shortly after firing.The site is EP-34 in the Wright's survey of the Eridu-Ur region. The survey found a site of about 85 hectares and late Isin-Larsa/Old-Babylonian pottery shards. The survey found "drains lined with baked brick in former streets, building foundations of both baked and mud brick, and localized concentrations of basalt, copper, ceramic slag".^[1]

Apparently, Henri Wright counted the total area of Tell Dehaila including the neighboring Dehaila-2 and Nun-5, which are now counted separately. The city wall is oval shaped and covers an area of 47 hectares.^[2] On the opposite side of the Eridu Canal there is a 5 hectare mound with a sizable (113 meter by 137 meter) building. A 130-meter barrage extended through the city wall into the waterway. As the waterway meandered to the east the site expanded into its former bed.^[3]

The site was surveyed by the Iraqi-Russian Multidisciplinary Project (IRMP) team in 2018, 2019 and 2023, and briefly excavated in 2020 and 2021.^{[4] [5] [6]} In the second season two soundings of three were excavated to virgin soil. Evidence of monumental mudbrick construction was found including walls up to four meters wide. Neo-Babylonian pottery shards are found on surface.^[7] In the 2023 season new hi-res aerial orthoimagery has been collected.

History

The site was occupied in the first half of the 2nd millennium BC, during the Isin-Larsa and Old Babylonian periods, possibly until the early Sealand period. There was also some occupation in the mid-1st millennium BC, probably of a semi nomadic type. Abdulameer al-Hamdani suggested Tell Dehaila was the capital of the First Sealand dynasty. A known Sealand site, Tell Khaiber is 16 kilometers to the northeast.^{[8] [9] [10]}

See also

• Cities of the ancient Near East
• Tell Khaiber

External links

• Tell Dehaila and its geomorphology - Alexei Jankowski-Diakonoff & Jaafar Jotheri
• The Art of Conservative Rebellion: A Short Introduction to the First Sealand Dynasty By Odette Boivin - ASOR

Notes and References

1. Book: 0-226-00544-5 . Heartland of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Floodplain of the Euphrates. Appendix: The Southern Margins of Sumer. Archaeological Survey of the Area of Eridu and Ur . Wright. Henry T.. Adams . Robert McCormick . 1981 . University of Chicago Press. Chicago-London. 295–345.
2. Book: Al-Hamdani. Abdulameer. 978-1501517068. Babylonia Under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties . The Settlement and Canal Systems During the First Sealand Dynasty (1721–1340 BCE). Paulus . Susanne . Clayden . Tim . 2020 . Studies in ancient Near Eastern records. 24. 28–57. De Gruyter . Berlin, Boston. 10.1515/9781501510298-003.
3. Al-Dafar. Abdulameer M.. 2015. Shadow States: The Archaeology of Power in the Marshes of Southern Mesopotamia. PhD. Stony Brook University . 11401/76626. 2024-06-07.
4. Jankowski-Diakonoff. A.I.. Calderbank. D.. Jotheri. J.. Novikov. V.V.. Результаты пробного сезона Российско-Иракской экспедиции на телле Дехайла-1. Results of the Test Season of the Iraqi-Russian Expedition at Tell Dehaila-1. ru. ru:Восток. Афро-азиатские общества: История и современность. Vostok. Afro-aziatskie Obshchestva: Istoriia I Sovremennost. Oriens. 2020. 2020 №5. 9–21. 10.31857/S086919080011054-6.
5. Jankowski. A.I.. Болотная область Южного Двуречья. The Extent of the Ancient Marshes of Southern Mesopotamia. ru. ru:Восток. Афро-азиатские общества: История и современность. Vostok. Afro-aziatskie Obshchestva: Istoriia I Sovremennost. Oriens. 0869-1908. 2019. 2019 №6. 23–35. 10.31857/S086919080007749-0.
6. . 2023-11-27. Российско-Иракская комплексная экспедиция в 2023г.. Iraqi-Russian Multisciplinary Project in 2023. ru. Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
7. Jankowski-Diakonoff. A.I.. Amirov. Sh.N.. Menshikov. M.Yu.. Jotheri. J.. Второй сезон Российско-Иракской экспедиции на Телле Дехайла-1 . The Second Season of the Russian-Iraqi Expedition at Tell Dehaila-1. ru. Kratkie Soobshchenia Instituta Arkheologii. ru:Краткие сообщения Института археологии. Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology. 2022. 267. 44–58. 10.25681/IARAS.0130-2620.267. 0130-2620.
8. Book: Clayden . Tim . 978-1501517068 . Babylonia Under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties . Ur in the Kassite Period. Paulus . Susanne . Clayden . Tim . 2020 . Studies in ancient Near Eastern records. 24. 88–124. De Gruyter . Berlin, Boston. 10.1515/9781501510298-005.
9. Book: Boivin . Odette . 978-1501516399 . The First Dynasty of the Sealand in Mesopotamia . The Sealand I in Babylonian historiography. 2018 . Studies in ancient Near Eastern records. 20. 20–59. De Gruyter. Berlin, Boston. 10.1515/9781501507823.
10. 10.1515/za-2018-0003 . A Hymn of Ayadaragalama, King of the First Sealand Dynasty, to the Gods of Nippur: The Fate of Nippur and Its Cult during the First Sealand Dynasty . 2018 . Gabbay . Uri . Boivin . Odette . Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie . 108. 1. 22–42.