| Native Name: | Departamento de Tarija |
| Conventional Long Name: | Tarija Department |
| Subdivision: | Department |
| Nation: | Bolivia |
| Capital: | Tarija |
| Year Start: | 1836 |
| Year End: | 1839 |
| Event1: | Tarija War |
| Date Event1: | 1837–1839 |
| Era: | Confederation |
| Image Map Caption: | Tarija within Bolivia |
| P1: | Potosí Department |
| Flag P1: | Flag of Bolivia (1826-1851).svg |
| S1: | Tarija Department |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Bolivia (1826-1851).svg |
| Membership Title1: | Constituent country |
| Membership1: | Bolivia |
Tarija Department (es|Departamento de Tarija) was a department of Bolivia, a constituent country of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, with its capital in Tarija. A territory disputed between the Confederations of Peru–Bolivia and Argentina, it led to armed conflict in 1837, part of the broader War of the Confederation.
After being part of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, the Bolivian government annexed it to its country, becoming one of the seven departments that made up the Bolivian State, belonging to the Peru-Bolivian Confederation,[1] leading to a dispute with the United Provinces' successor state, the Argentine Confederation, as .
Initially, it was made up only of territory currently part of Argentina and Paraguay[2] and two provinces: the Province of Tarija, and the Province of Salinas. During the war against the Argentine Confederation and the military occupation of territories in northern Argentina, new provinces were created administered by the Civil and Military Government of Tarija (es|Gobierno Civil y Militar de Tarija).
| Tarija | Tarija | |
| Salinas | Entre Ríos | |
| Santa Catalina | Santa Catalina | |
| Yavi | Yavi | |
| Santa Victoria | Santa Victoria Oeste | |
| San Pedro | ||
| Cochinoca | Abra Pampa | |
| Susques | Pastos Chicos |