TEAD4 explained

Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TEAD4 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

This gene product is a member of the transcriptional enhancer factor (TEF) family of transcription factors, which contain the TEA/ATTS DNA-binding domain.^[4] Members of the family in mammals are TEAD1, TEAD2, TEAD3, TEAD4. TEAD4 is preferentially expressed in the skeletal muscle, and binds to the M-CAT regulatory element found in promoters of muscle-specific genes to direct their gene expression. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding distinct isoforms, some of which are translated through the use of a non-AUG (UUG) initiation codon, have been described for this gene. Gene ablation experiments in mice (i.e. knockout mice) showed that TEAD4 is essential for the formation of blastocysts during preimplantation embryo development.^{[5] [6]} Although it was originally hypothesized to be essential for specification of trophectoderm lineage, it was later shown that functional trophectoderm can be produced leading to formation of blastocysts under in vitro conditions that suppress oxidative stress.^[7] Transcriptional coregulators, such as WWTR1 (TAZ) bind to members in this transcription factor family.

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . January 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Hsu DK, Guo Y, Alberts GF, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Peifley KA, Winkles JA . Identification of a murine TEF-1-related gene expressed after mitogenic stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts and during myogenic differentiation . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 271 . 23 . 13786–95 . June 1996 . 8662936 . 10.1074/jbc.271.23.13786 . free .
• Jacquemin P, Hwang JJ, Martial JA, Dollé P, Davidson I . A novel family of developmentally regulated mammalian transcription factors containing the TEA/ATTS DNA binding domain . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 271 . 36 . 21775–85 . September 1996 . 8702974 . 10.1074/jbc.271.36.21775 . free .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . October 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Vaudin P, Delanoue R, Davidson I, Silber J, Zider A . TONDU (TDU), a novel human protein related to the product of vestigial (vg) gene of Drosophila melanogaster interacts with vertebrate TEF factors and substitutes for Vg function in wing formation . Development . 126 . 21 . 4807–16 . November 1999 . 10.1242/dev.126.21.4807 . 10518497 .
• Vassilev A, Kaneko KJ, Shu H, Zhao Y, DePamphilis ML . TEAD/TEF transcription factors utilize the activation domain of YAP65, a Src/Yes-associated protein localized in the cytoplasm . Genes & Development . 15 . 10 . 1229–41 . May 2001 . 11358867 . 313800 . 10.1101/gad.888601 .
• Chen HH, Baty CJ, Maeda T, Brooks S, Baker LC, Ueyama T, Gursoy E, Saba S, Salama G, London B, Stewart AF . Transcription enhancer factor-1-related factor-transgenic mice develop cardiac conduction defects associated with altered connexin phosphorylation . Circulation . 110 . 19 . 2980–7 . November 2004 . 15520314 . 10.1161/01.CIR.0000146902.84099.26 . free .
• Huda Zoghbi . Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . October 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Appukuttan B, McFarland TJ, Davies MH, Atchaneeyasakul LO, Zhang Y, Babra B, Pan Y, Rosenbaum JT, Acott T, Powers MR, Stout JT . Identification of novel alternatively spliced isoforms of RTEF-1 within human ocular vascular endothelial cells and murine retina . Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science . 48 . 8 . 3775–82 . August 2007 . 17652751 . 10.1167/iovs.06-1172 . free .

Notes and References

1. Jacquemin P, Depetris D, Mattei MG, Martial JA, Davidson I . Localization of human transcription factor TEF-4 and TEF-5 (TEAD2, TEAD3) genes to chromosomes 19q13.3 and 6p21.2 using fluorescence in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid analysis . Genomics . 55 . 1 . 127–9 . January 1999 . 9889009 . 10.1006/geno.1998.5628 . 2268/13836 . free .
2. Stewart AF, Richard CW, Suzow J, Stephan D, Weremowicz S, Morton CC, Adra CN . Cloning of human RTEF-1, a transcriptional enhancer factor-1-related gene preferentially expressed in skeletal muscle: evidence for an ancient multigene family . Genomics . 37 . 1 . 68–76 . October 1996 . 8921372 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0522 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: TEAD4 TEA domain family member 4.
4. Bürglin TR . The TEA domain: a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif . Cell . 66 . 1 . 11–2 . July 1991 . 2070413 . 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90132-I . 2819591 .
5. Yagi R, Kohn MJ, Karavanova I, Kaneko KJ, Vullhorst D, DePamphilis ML, Buonanno A . Transcription factor TEAD4 specifies the trophectoderm lineage at the beginning of mammalian development . Development . 134 . 21 . 3827–36 . November 2007 . 17913785 . 10.1242/dev.010223 . free .
6. Nishioka N, Yamamoto S, Kiyonari H, Sato H, Sawada A, Ota M, Nakao K, Sasaki H . Tead4 is required for specification of trophectoderm in pre-implantation mouse embryos . Mechanisms of Development . 125 . 3–4 . 270–83 . 2008 . 18083014 . 10.1016/j.mod.2007.11.002 . 13898262 . free .
7. Kaneko KJ, DePamphilis ML . TEAD4 establishes the energy homeostasis essential for blastocoel formation . Development . 140 . 17 . 3680–90 . September 2013 . 23903192 . 10.1242/dev.093799 . 3742148.