| Stephen Adams | |
| Jr/Sr1: | United States Senator |
| State1: | Mississippi |
| Term Start1: | March 17, 1852 |
| Term End1: | March 3, 1857 |
| Predecessor1: | John J. McRae |
| Successor1: | Jefferson Davis |
| State2: | Mississippi |
| District2: | at-large |
| Term Start2: | March 4, 1845 |
| Term End2: | March 3, 1847 |
| Preceded2: | William H. Hammett |
| Succeeded2: | no at-large seat |
| Office3: | Member of the Mississippi House of Representatives |
| Term3: | 1850 |
| Birth Date: | 17 October 1807 |
| Birth Place: | Pendleton, South Carolina, United States |
| Death Place: | Memphis, Tennessee, United States |
| Party: | Democratic |
Stephen Adams (October 17, 1807May 11, 1857) was a United States Representative (1845 to 1847) and Senator (1852 to 1857) from Mississippi.
Adams was born to David Adams, a Baptist clergyman, in Pendleton, South Carolina; he moved with his parents to Franklin County, Tennessee in 1812. He attended the public schools, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1829, practiced in Franklin County. He was an slaveowner.
He was a member of the Tennessee Senate from 1833 to 1834, when he removed to Aberdeen, Mississippi and commenced the practice of law. He was circuit court judge from 1837 to 1846, and was elected as a Democratic representative to the Twenty-ninth Congress, serving from March 4, 1845, to March 3, 1847. He again became a judge of the circuit court in 1848, was a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives in 1850, and was a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1851.
Adams was elected to the U.S. Senate on February 19, 1852, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Jefferson Davis and served from March 17, 1852 to March 3, 1857; while in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Retrenchment (Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses).
At the close of his term he removed to Memphis, Tennessee and resumed the practice of law until he died there of smallpox[1] on May 11, 1857[2] and was interred in Elmwood Cemetery.