See main article: Radio station and Radiocommunication service.
Standard frequency and time signal service (short: SFTS) is, according to Article 1.53 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR),[1] "A radiocommunication service for scientific, technical and other purposes, providing the transmission of specified frequencies, time signals, or both, of stated high precision, intended for general reception".
In accordance with ITU Radio Regulations (article 1) variations of this radiocommunication service are classified as follows:
Standard frequency and time signal service (article 1.53)
In general this radiocommunication service uses radio stations as follows:
Standard frequency and time signal-satellite service (short: SFTSS) is, according to Article 1.54 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR),[2] defined as A radiocommunication service using space stations on earth satellites for the same purposes as those of the standard frequency and time signal service.
An example to this were experiments of time synchronisation (Global Transmission Services GTS-2) onboard International Space Station. However, in accordance to the ubiquitous availability, GNSS-satellite signals will be used in practice (see also: GPS disciplined oscillator).
The allocation of radio frequencies is provided according to Article 5 of the ITU Radio Regulations (edition 2012).[3]
In order to improve harmonisation in spectrum utilisation, the majority of service-allocations stipulated in this document were incorporated in national Tables of Frequency Allocations and Utilisations which is with-in the responsibility of the appropriate national administration. The allocation might be primary, secondary, exclusive, and shared.
| Allocation to services | ||
| Region 2 | Region 3 | |
| 19.95–20.05 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (20 MHz) | ||
| 2 498-2 501 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (2 500 MHz) | ||
| 4 995–5 003 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (5 000 MHz) | ||
| 5 003–5 005 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL Space research | ||
| 9 995–10 003 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (10 000 MHz) | ||
| 10 003–10 005 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL Space research | ||
| 14 990–15 005 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (15 000 MHz) | ||
| 15 005–15 010 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL Space research | ||
| 19 990–19 995 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL Space research | ||
| 19 995–20 010 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (20 000 MHz) | ||
| 24 990–25 005 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (25 000 MHz) | ||
| 25 005–25 010 MHz STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL Space research | ||
The following are the known HF time signal stations currently operational.
| ITU-R Standard Frequency and Time Signal services | ||||||
| BPM | Pucheng, China | 2.5, 5, 10, & 15 MHz | ITU-R TF.768-5[4] | |||
| BSF | Chung-Li, Taiwan, Rep. of China | 5 and 15 MHz | ||||
| EBC | Cádiz | 4.998 MHz | ||||
| HLA | Taejon, Republic of Korea | 5 MHz | ITU-R TF.768-5 | |||
| IAM | Rome, Italy | 5 MHz | ITU-R TF.768-5 | |||
| LOL | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 5, 10, & 15 MHz | ITU-R TF.768-5 | |||
| MIKES | Espoo, Finland | 25 MHz | ||||
| OMA | Prague, Czech Republic | 2.5 MHz | Discontinued in 1995 | |||
| PPE | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 10 MHz | ||||
| RWM | Moscow, Russia | 4.996, 9.996, 14.996 MHz | ITU-R TF.768-5 | |||
| WWV | Fort Collins, Colorado, United States | 2.5, 5, 10, 15, & 20 MHz | ITU-R TF.768-5 | |||
| WWVH | Kekaha, Kauai, Hawaii, United States | 2.5, 5, 10, & 15 MHz | ITU-R TF.768-5 | |||
| YVTO | Caracas, Venezuela | 5 MHz | ||||
| Time signal stations on non-standard frequencies | ||||||
| CHU | Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | 3.33, 7.85, 14.67 MHz | ||||
The Standard Time and Frequency Signal (STFS) is a Radiocommunication service providing the transmission of specified frequency and time signal, of stated high precision, intended for general reception in the United States and beyond. The radio signals are broadcast on very precise carrier frequencies by the U.S. Naval Observatory and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), formerly the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). The technical specification of that particular service is in line to the provisions of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR)[1]