Størmer number explained

In mathematics, a Størmer number or arc-cotangent irreducible number is a positive integer

for which the greatest prime factor of

n²⁺¹

is greater than or equal to

. They are named after Carl Størmer.

Sequence

The first few Størmer numbers are:

Density

John Todd proved that this sequence is neither finite nor cofinite.

More precisely, the natural density of the Størmer numbers lies between 0.5324 and 0.905.It has been conjectured that their natural density is the natural logarithm of 2, approximately 0.693, but this remains unproven.Because the Størmer numbers have positive density, the Størmer numbers form a large set.

Application

The Størmer numbers arise in connection with the problem of representing the Gregory numbers (arctangents of rational numbers)

G_a/b=\arctan

	b
	a

as sums of Gregory numbers for integers (arctangents of unit fractions). The Gregory number

G_a/b

may be decomposed by repeatedly multiplying the Gaussian integer

a+bi

by numbers of the form

n\pmi

, in order to cancel prime factors

from the imaginary part; here

is chosen to be a Størmer number such that

n²⁺¹

is divisible by