Spike (missile) explained

Spike
Origin:Israel
Type:Anti-tank guided missile
Is Ranged:yes
Is Explosive:yes
Is Missile:yes
Is Uk:no
Service:
  • 1981–present (Spike NLOS)
  • 1997–present
Used By:See Operators (41 countries ordered it[1])
Wars:
Designer:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
Design Date:Late 1970s (Spike NLOS)
Manufacturer:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems & EUROSPIKE GmbH
Production Date:
  • Spike NLOS: since early 1980s
  • Spike MR/LR/ER: since 1997
  • Spike SR: since 2012
Number:40,000 (2023)[2]
(7,000 fired)
Unit Cost:$249,966 (US Army Spike NLOS, 2022), $140,000 (German Spike LR, 2017)[3]
Variants:See variants
Weight:Spike ER from helicopter:
  • Missile in canister:
    34kg (75lb)
  • Launcher:
    55kg (121lb)
  • Launcher + 4 missiles:
    187kg (412lb)

Spike MR/LR from tripod:[4]

  • Missile round:
    14kg (31lb)
  • Command & launch unit (CLU):
    5kg (11lb)
  • Tripod:
    2.8kg (06.2lb)
  • Battery:
    1kg (02lb)
  • Thermal sight:
    4kg (09lb)

Spike SR:

  • Missile in canister:
    9.6kg (21.2lb)
Length:
  • Spike MR/LR:
    1200mm
  • Spike ER:
    1670mm
Diameter:
  • Spike MR/LR: 130mm
  • Spike ER: 170mm
Rate:Ready to launch in 30 seconds, 15 seconds to reload
Range:
  • Spike SR:
    50-
  • Spike MR: 200-
  • Spike LR: 200-
  • Spike LR 2: 200-
  • Spike ER: 400-
  • Spike ER 2: 400-
  • Spike NLOS: 600-
Sights:10× optical sight
Filling:HEAT Tandem-charge
Detonation:Piezoelectric trigger
Engine:Solid-propellant rocket
Guidance:Target acquisition (day and night capacity):

Missile guidance:

  • IIR homing
  • CCD
  • Combined CCD/IIR

Spike (Hebrew: ספייק) is an Israeli fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile and anti-personnel missile with a tandem-charge high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead., it is in its sixth generation.[5] It was developed and designed by the Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. It is available in man-portable, vehicle-launched, helicopter-launched and maritime variants.

The missile can engage and destroy targets within the line-of-sight of the launcher ("fire-and-forget"), and some variants can make a top attack through a "fire, observe and update" method (essentially lock-on after launch);[5] the operator tracking the target, or switching to another target, optically through the trailing fiber-optic wire (or RF link in the case of the vehicle-mounted, long-range NLOS variant) while the missile is climbing to altitude after launch. This is similar to the lofted trajectory flight profile of the US FGM-148 Javelin.

Design

Spike is a fire-and-forget missile with lock-on before launch and automatic self-guidance. The missile is equipped with an imaging infrared seeker.

The long and extended range versions of the Spike also have the capability of "Fire, Observe and Update" operating mode (also known as Lock-on after launch (LOAL)). The missile is connected by a fiber-optical wire that is spooled out between the launch position and the missile. With this, the operator can obtain a target if it is not in the line of sight of the operator at launch, switch targets in flight, or compensate for the movement of the target if the missile is not tracking the target for some reason. Hence, the missile can be fired speculatively for a target of opportunity, or to provide observation on the other side of an obstacle. The missile has a soft launch capability – the motor firing after the missile has left the launcher – that allows the missile to be fired from confined spaces, which is a necessity in urban warfare.

The missile uses a tandem warhead consisting of two shaped charges: a precursor warhead to detonate any explosive reactive armor, and a primary warhead to penetrate the underlying armor. Currently, it is replacing aging semi-automatic command to line of sight second generation anti-tank missiles like the MILAN and M47 Dragon in the armies of the user nations. Spike missile is also equipped with heat chasing technology.

The Spike system is made up of the launching tripod with its fire control unit and the missile. There is no dedicated thermal sight on the launcher: the missile's imaging seeker is used. Altogether, the long range variant of the system weighs around 26kg (57lb).

Spike can be operated from the launcher by infantry, or from mounts that can be fitted to vehicles such as fast attack vehicles, armoured personnel carriers or utility vehicles. Vehicles that are not normally fitted with anti-tank weapons can therefore be given anti-tank capability.

Spike has been tested as a weapon system for the SAGEM Sperwer unmanned aerial vehicle. The Spanish Army has fitted the Spike ER to its Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopters.[6] [7] Both Israel and the United States have experimented with arming Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters with the Spike missile; the US variant is used in UH-60M Battlehawk helicopters.[8]

Marketing

In order to facilitate the selling of the weapon system in Europe, the company EuroSpike GmbH was formed in Germany. Its shareholders are Diehl Defence (40%), Rheinmetall Defence Electronics (40%) and Rafael via ERCAS B.V (20%). ERCAS B.V. is a Dutch holding company owned 100% by Rafael.

EuroSpike GmbH is located in Röthenbach, Germany. The European variant of the Spike weapon system differs a little from the Israeli version and is marketed under the name EuroSpike.[9]

The missiles were also marketed and produced under license in Singapore by ST Engineering.[10] For other areas of the world, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. is solely responsible.[11]

Rafael state over 40,000 missiles had been delivered to 41 countries by 2023, of which about 7,000 had been used in trials, training, and combat.[2]

Variants

Firing post

Command & Launch Unit (CLU)

The reusable Command & launch unit (CLU), battery, tripod and the thermal sight are common for both MR and LR versions of the Spike missile family, each weighing 5kg (11lb), 1kg (02lb), 2.8kg (06.2lb), and 4kg (09lb) respectively.

Integrated Control Launch Unit (ICLU)

They are used for the newer variants LR2 and ER2 variants.[12]

Vehicle Missile Launching System (VMLS)

Launching system used on all turrets equipped with the Spike missile. The Spike LR, ER and NLOS as well as the modernised variants can be used with these systems.

Missiles

Spike SR

The short range version of the weapon was unveiled in 2012 to give infantrymen a guided missile between the larger Spike MR and unguided rockets.[13] The missile is 8kg (18lb) for a 9.8kg (21.6lb) disposable munition for use at platoon-level whose minimum range is 50m (160feet) and whose maximum range is 1.5km (00.9miles). It is equipped with a stiff-necked uncooled electro-optical infrared seeker and advanced tracker, as opposed to the gimballed seeker in the Spike MR/LR/ER versions.[14] The Spike SR does not require a separate sight, instead utilizing the low-cost thermal camera and guidance electronics strapped to the missile's nose to provide this function through a display integrated into the launcher, showing the target until launch.[15] The warhead can either be a multi-purpose tandem shaped-charge warhead with blast-fragmentation effect[13] or a new Penetration-Blast-Fragmentation (PBF) variant leveraged from the MATADOR's anti-structure warhead to equip maneuvering forces in urban environments to breach enemy cover and structures with a lethal blast effect.[14] In May 2016 Rafael concluded deliveries of Spike SR to its first export customer,[16] later revealed to be the Singapore Armed Forces to replace the Carl Gustaf M2.[17]

Spike MR

The medium range version (Israeli designation: NT-Gil). The weight of the missile is 14kg (31lb), its minimum range is 200 m, while its maximum range is 2500m (8,200feet). It is used by infantry and special forces.[18]

Spike LR

Long range version (Israeli designation: NT-Spike). The weight of the missile is 14kg (31lb), and the weight of the complete system is less than 45kg (99lb).[19] Maximum range is 4000m (13,000feet) and it is used by infantry and light combat vehicles. It adds fiber-optic communication to and from the operator during flight.[20] Reported armour penetration capability is more than 700mm of Rolled homogeneous armour (RHA).[21] It is also deployed in Sentry Tech remotely controlled weapons stations along the Gaza border.[22] In early 2014, Rafael revealed they had increased the range of the Spike LR to 5.5km (03.4miles), enhancing versatility on existing firing platforms and allowing it to be utilized on new ones like light helicopters.[23]

Spike LR2

A new generation of the original Spike LR is in full-scale development and scheduled to be operational by the end of 2018. Spike LR2 (Israeli designation: Gil-2, גיל 2) has a reduced missile weight to 13kg (29lb), and a reduced total system weight of 25 kg, increased range of 5.5km (03.4miles) at ground level and 10km (10miles) from helicopters using an RF data-link.[24] Warhead options of tandem HEAT with 30% increased armor penetration or a multipurpose blast warhead with selectable impact or penetration detonation fusing, a new seeker that includes an uncooled IR sensor with a smart target tracker with artificial intelligence features, the ability to fire on grid target coordinates using an inertial measurement unit for third party-target allocation, and is compatible with legacy launchers. The missile is designed with a counter-active protection system (CAPS) capability, being able to hit targets at higher impact angles of up to 70 degrees.[25] [26] First ordered by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in October 2017.[27]

Spike ER

Extended range or extra-long range version of the weapon (Israeli designation: NT-Dandy or NT-D). It has a minimum range of 400 m and a maximum range of 8000m (26,000feet).[28] It has a larger diameter and is heavier than the other systems, and is usually vehicle mounted. It is used by infantry, Light Combat Vehicle (LCVs), and helicopters. The Finnish Navy's Coastal Jaegers and Philippine Navy's Multi-purpose Attack Craft Mk.III also operate this version in the anti-ship role. The weight of the missile is 34kg (75lb), the launchers are 30kg (70lb) and 55kg (121lb) respectively for the vehicle and air-launched versions. Penetration is around 1000mm of RHA.[21]

A maritime version of the Spike ER, with a stated range of up to 10km (10miles) and equipped with an electro-optical guidance system. The deck launcher can hold 4 missiles.[29]

Spike ER2

In August 2018, Rafael disclosed the development of an enhancement of the missile called the Spike ER2. It retains the same weight, airframe, surface geometries, and propulsion unit but introduces a two-way RF data-link to increase real-time control to an extended range of 16km (10miles) from helicopters; it also has an extended fiber optic link to increase range to 10km (10miles) from land and naval platforms.[30]

Spike NLOS

"Non Line Of Sight" is an ultra long-range version of the weapon (Israeli designation: Tamuz, תמוז), with a claimed maximum range of 32km (20miles). It is a significantly larger missile than other Spike variants, with an overall weight of around 70kg (150lb). It can be launched from the ground or from helicopters. It was developed following lessons learned in the Yom Kippur War, which showed a need for a high-precision guided tactical ground-to-ground battlefield missile. The first variants entered service with the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in tandem with the Pereh missile carrier in 1981, though the existence of both was not revealed to the public until 2011.[31] [32] [33] The Spike NLOS uses a fiber optic link similar to other Spike versions, but only out to 8 km, after which it employs a radio data link for command guidance.[34]

In 2011 it also became known that in a highly unusual move, the British Army was hastily equipped with the missile for counter-mortar fire, drawn directly from IDF inventory after being exposed to increasing insurgent attacks in Iraq. Beginning in 2007 three variants of the NLOS were procured. A total of 600 missiles were acquired, the breakdown being 200 optical camera equipped NLOS Mk.2 in 2007, 200 thermal imaging equipped NLOS Mk.4 in 2008 for night operations (together with the NLOS Mk.2 these were known as EXACTOR-1), 200 dual camera equipped NLOS Mk.5 (EXACTOR-2) followed in 2009 which featured wings for slower but better maneuvering flight and a multi-purpose warhead replacing the anti-armor warhead of previous versions.[35] For operational security, the codename of 'EXACTOR missile' was assigned in British service and it was initially mounted on launchers atop leased M113 APCs. The NLOS Mk.2 performed badly being too fast and difficult to control, the M113 overheated in the desert and had a poor resolution camera display that compared unfavorably with its contemporaries.[36] So Britain financed the development of the NLOS Mk.5 known in British service as the EXACTOR 2 which replaced the M113 APC with a towed trailer known as SPARC holding four missiles in a 360-degree rotating turret that could be remotely controlled up to 500 m away[37] ditching the non-standard M113 APCs altogether when in 2010 the batteries were transferred from Iraq to Afghanistan.[38] [39]

In a deal concluded on 6 September 2011, the South Korean government had agreed to purchase an unknown number of Spike NLOS Mk.5 missiles.[40] [41]

Rafael is working on expanding the missile's versatility by enhancing the existing EO-IR/CCD seeker with semi-active laser (SAL) capability and different anti-armor, blast-penetration, and high-explosive fragmentation warheads to meet specific applications.[23]

In 2020 the US Army announced its intention to procure Spike NLOS missiles to be mounted on Apache helicopters.[42] A test was conducted in March 2021 where an AH-64E fired a Spike NLOS at a target 32km (20miles) away and scored a direct hit.[43]

In June 2022, Rafael unveiled the Spike NLOS 6th generation with range increased to, a salvo feature which can launch up to four missiles at a time, and the ability to hand over control after firing to another platform. It also has a Target Image Acquisition capability that can prioritize important targets for strike, and can be carried by strategic UAVs in the Heron-TP-class.[44] [45]

The Israeli Navy uses a maritime version of the Spike NLOS, with a stated range of up to 32km (20miles) and equipped with a dual passive electro-optical guidance system and an infrared imaging camera with image processing capabilities. The deck launcher is available for 8 or 4 missiles.[46] [47]

Mini Spike

On 2 September 2009, at an IDF exhibition held at the third Latrun annual land warfare conference, the Israeli Defense Force unveiled a new member of the Spike family of missiles – the Mini Spike Anti-personnel guided weapon (APGW).[48] [49] Rafael claimed that this latest member of the Spike family of missile costs and weighed only a third of the Spike LR at 4kg (09lb), while offering a longer engagement range of NaNkm (-2,147,483,648miles) when compared to the Spike SR. It was to introduce new flight modes to enable precision strikes in urban areas, such as flying through windows or attacking an enemy hidden behind defilade or obstacles using non-line-of-sight engagement. Mini Spike would use the same launcher and sight system of the Spike LR, loading the missile on a special adaptor.[15] [50] By 2016, Mini Spike development had been discontinued.[14]

Aerospike

In May 2022, Rafael unveiled the Aerospike, a version of the Spike LR2 designed to be launched from fixed-wing aircraft. Weighing 14 kg and utilizing the same airframe, EO/IR seekers and warheads as the Spike LR2, it features longer wings to give it an improved glide ratio for a range of 30km (20miles) when launched from 27000feet. The munition does not require GPS to navigate, incorporating scene-matching technology and detection and tracking capabilities. A real-time RF data-link allows for man-in-the-loop operation enabling mid-flight target handover, re-targeting and abort options while also controlling approach angle, azimuth and flight trajectory, achieving accuracy within 3 meters of the target with a HEAT or blast fragmentation warhead. By the time of public announcement, the Aerospike was already in service with unnamed users.[51] [52] [53]

Missile copies

Almas

Iran received some Israeli Spike MR that were captured during the 2006 Lebanon War by the Hezbollah.[54] An unlicensed variant that goes by the name of Almas (fa|الماس).[55] The ATGM was unveiled in public on 7 July 2021. It was shown overseas at the MILEX 2023 exhibition held in May in Belarus[56] and at the Partner 2023 exhibition held in September in Serbia.[57] [58]

On 25 January 2024, a video was released that appeared to show Hezbollah forces using the system against an Israeli surveillance outpost[59] at Shlomi.[60] On 27 January 2024, another attack involving the Almas was reported at Rosh HaNikra.[60]

Variants include the Almas-1, an exact copy of the Spike with a range of 4,000 meters and weight of 15 kg.[61] The Almas-2 has a range of 8,000 meters when fired from the ground with claims of penetrating up to 1,000 mm of armor.[61] The Almas-3 is a clone of the Spike ER with its warhead based on a two-stage high-explosive or thermobaric type.[61]

Integration to vehicles and systems

Australia

Vehicle integration

Boxer CRV

K21 Redback

Denmark

Vehicle integration

Eagle V

Future vehicle integration

Piranha V

CV90

Germany

System integration

Vehicle integration

Spz Puma

Marder 1A5

Wiesel 1 AWC - MELLS (weapon carrier), entered service in 2022:[76]

Aircraft integration

Future vehicle integration

GTK Boxer

Italy

Potential vehicle integration

Freccia

[84]

Israel

Future UAV integration

Netherlands

Vehicle integration

CV90

Poland

Vehicle integration

Infantry fighting vehicles on order, to be equipped with a launch container for 2 Spike LR missiles on the right of the ZSSW-30 turret:

Potential vehicle integration

Infantry fighting vehicles planned to be equipped with a launch container for 2 Spike LR missiles on the right of the ZSSW-30 turret:

Spain

Vehicle integration

Piranha V (Dragon VCR)

Aircraft integration

Potential vehicle integration

Piranha V (Dragon VCR) from the first order:[95]

Operational use

Second Nagorno-Karabakh War

Azerbaijan used Spike missiles on Armenian T-72 tanks during Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.[96]

2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip

During the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip, the Israeli Navy attacked Hamas targets on the Gaza Strip coastline using Spike NLOS missiles.[46]

Reports state that the killing of seven humanitarian aid workers during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip was accomplished by Spike missiles fired by a Hermes 450 drone.[97] [98]

Operators

Current and future operators

Spike LR2 selected by the Australian Army in 2018 [99]
Total 350 Spike LR and 250 Spike NLOS missiles, some of which are mounted on the Plasan Sand Cat, and Mil Mi-17.[101]
  • 240 Spike MR and Spike LR missiles ordered in 2013, delivery completed in 2015.
  • Unspecified number of Spike NLOS Mk.5 launchers procured. Seen in public for the first time at HEMUS 2022.
  • 100 Spike LR2 missiles ordered in November 2021 with 10 launchers and 10 simulators, delivered in 2024.[102] [103]
  • Spike LR missiles since 2016 as part of CANSOFCOM.[104] In December 2023, Canada announced the purchase of Spike LR2 missiles to equip the Canadian Brigade in Latvia.[105]
  • Total 2,200 Spike MR, Spike LR and Spike ER missiles, for use on modernised Marder IFVs.
  • Total of 85 Spike LR and ER, and 110 Spike NLOS missiles. that arm the Colombian Air Force's fleet of Sikorsky AH-60L Arpía IV helicopters.[106] [107]
  • The Croatian Army purchased launchers capable of launching the Spike LR for 9 Patria AMV IFV, later on, an additional order for 7 IFV was made. The missiles were ordered separately.[108] [109]
    Note: the dismounted infantry troops use the Javelin.[110] [111]
  • Total of 500 Spike LR missiles, for use on Pandur II IFVs.
  • Several Spike LR2 launchers to be fitted onto 60 ENOK AB's.[112]
  • The Spike LR 2 is has been integrating in the Royal Danish Army since 2021 and it deliveries are planned until 2025.The Spike LR 2 is has been integrating in the Royal Danish Army since 2021 and it deliveries are planned until 2025. Used on Eagle V while planned for Piranaha V and CV90[113] [114] [115]
    • 18 iCLU launchers bought from EuroSpike GmbH for the Spike LR2, and more than 500 Spike SR systems purchased in 2022.[116] [117] [118]
  • Missiles ordered:

    • Launchers ordered:

    Purchased by the German Army to replace the BGM-71 TOW and MILAN missiles. As of October 2024, 525 iCLU launcher units (integrated Control Launch Unit) were ordered and 4,326 MELLS missiles (Spike LR), and an unknown amount of Spike LR2 missiles.
  • Detailed orders of the German Army:
    In April 2023, Greece ordered 17 Spike NLOS systems on 4×4 vehicles, plus more on 9 AH-64 Apache helicopters and 4 Machitis-class gunboats.[131] [132]
  • The Spike LR2 will equip the IFV variant of the KF-41 Lynx, equipped with the Rheinmetall LANCE turret.[133]
  • Orders:
    • The Spike NLOS (Tammuz) was introduced into service in the early 1980s.
  • In 1997, the Spike MR (Gil), LR (Gomed), ER (Perakh Bar) with associated launchers entered service.
    Orders:
    Operated by the Peshmerga, might have been funded by Italy or Germany, or could have been directly from Israel.[150] [151]
  • 12 Spike LR received.[152] [153] Additional order in February 2018.[154] [155] [156]
  • Total 1,000 Spike LR missiles delivered, for use on Boxer armored vehicles.[157] [158]
    • Total 516 Spike LR and 175 Spike ER missiles with 48 launchers.
  • The Philippine Navy operates the Spike ER and Spike NLOS variants of the missile. The Spike ER is deployed on board the missile-capable versions of the Multipurpose Assault Craft.[165] The Spike NLOS variants are deployed on board the AW159 Wildcat helicopters[166] [167] and Acero-class fast attack interdiction craft.[168] [169]
  • A total of 2,675 Spike LR missiles with 264 launchers and training systems were ordered in 2003 in a deal worth $425 million with deliveries completed by 2013. A follow-up order of 800 more Spike LR missiles for use on the Rosomak IFV, in a deal including local production in Poland, was placed in 2015 with deliveries between 2019 and 2022.
  • Total 3,000 missiles; breakdown being 2,000 Spike LR (for use on MLI-84 M1 IFV) with the remaining 1,000 being Spike ER (for use on IAR 330 SOCAT attack helicopters). An unspecified number of portable Spike LR launchers are also in service.[170]
  • In 1999, Singapore became the second country to acquire the Spike ATGM.[171] Total 1,500 Spike LR missiles (with associated launchers and training systems) received between 2001 and 2006. Between 2017 and 2018, another 500 Spike SR was received as the new generation anti-tank guided missile for its infantry battalions.[172] [173] Spikes variants are produced locally by ST Engineering. The Hunter AFV of the Singapore Army is equipped with a twin tube pop-up launcher. There has been further orders for the Spike LR 2 for use on the Hunter AFV and infantry units.
  • Spike LR2[174] (100 missiles, 10 launchers).[175]
  • The Spike MR and Spike LR have been in operational use in the Slovenian Armed Forces since 2009.[176] Total 75 missiles. In September 2022, EuroSpike was awarded a $6.6 million contract to supply 50 Spike LR2.[177]
  • The Swiss Armed Forces selected the Spike LR2 as its long-range anti-tank guided missile system for ground troops in 2023. It will replace the TOW ATGM.[178]
  • A South Korean government deal concluded on 6 September 2011 confirmed the procurement of unspecified numbers of Spike NLOS, of which about 50 missiles will be forward deployed to the South Korean islands of Baengnyeongdo and Yeonpyeongdo, close to the Northern Limit Line with North Korea. On 19 May 2013 the South Korean military confirmed that "dozens" of Spike missiles had been deployed on the islands.[179] The Republic of Korea Navy will also deploy the Spike NLOS on AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat helicopters,[180] and the Republic of Korea Marine Corps has the Spike NLOS mounted on Plasan Sand Cat light vehicle.[181]
  • Total 2,630 Spike LR (including 260 launchers and associated training systems) and 200 Spike ER missiles (for use by Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopters). A total of 236 launchers and 2,360 Spike LR missiles was assigned to the Spanish Army, while the remaining 24 launchers and 240 missiles was assigned to the Spanish Marines.
  • Under a deal reached in 2020, the Royal Thai Army took delivery of the Spike MR missiles and launchers.[182] Spike-MR was a contender along with Javelin.[183]
  • 600 Spike NLOS missiles were procured by the British Army, the exact breakdown being 200 NLOS Mk.2, 200 NLOS Mk.4 and 200 NLOS Mk.5 ordered in the years 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. In British service it has the name 'Exactor'.[184]
  • The Spike was offered by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems as a possible contender in the US Army JAWS missile program in 1996.[185] In January 2020, the Army revealed it would field the Spike NLOS on AH-64 Apache helicopters as an interim solution to acquire a longer range stand-off weapon.[186]

    • Operators of a copy of the Spike missile

    : Unlicensed clone as Almas. Reverse engineered Spike-MR with modifications. Originally captured by Hezbollah during the 2006 Lebanon War and given to Iran.[187]
  • : Known to be using the Almas.[188] They claim to possess Almas-1/2/3.

    • Evaluations

    In January 1998, a partnership arrangement was announced between Israel Aerospace Industries and Kamov to market the Kamov Ka-50-2 attack helicopter in Turkish competition. One of the optional armaments being offered for the Ka-50-2 was the Spike ER missile. Eventually, Ka-50-2 lost to TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK. Turkey has also examined the use of Rafael Overhead Weapon Station with Spike for its Otokar Cobra light armored vehicles.
  • In February 2001, the British MoD awarded two contracts valued at $8.8 million for a year-long assessment of the Javelin and Spike MR. The Spike was being offered by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems teamed with Matra BAe Dynamics, while the Javelin was being offered by a team of Lockheed Martin and Raytheon. The UK would like to field a lightweight antitank missile system for its Joint Rapid Reaction Force by 2005. In February 2003, the British MoD selected the Javelin.

    • Failed bids

    A total of 2 Spike LR launchers would be fitted on Portuguese Marine Corps Pandur II IFV APC's, but the program was cancelled due to problems between the Portuguese government, Steyr-Daimler-Puch and Fabrequipa (local Pandur II manufacturer).[35] [189] [190]

    External links

    Video links

    Notes and References

    1. News: Rafael wins naval maintenance and anti-tank missile deals . GLOBES. 13 August 2023. 14 August 2023.
    2. News: Rafael wins naval maintenance and anti-tank missile deals. GLOBES. 13 August 2023. 14 August 2023.
    3. Web site: NT Spike . World Missiles & UAVs Briefing . Teal Group . Fairfax, Virginia . March 2023 . 17 April 2024.
    4. Web site: A multitude of launchers – for a multitude of use . EuroSpike GmbH . 29 June 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110710204903/http://www.eurospike.com/ground.html . 10 July 2011.
    5. https://www.rafael.co.il/system/spike-nlos/
    6. Web site: Eurocopter Fires Spike Missile From HAD Tiger . Spacewar.com . 24 May 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100514123129/http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Eurocopter_Fires_Spike_Missile_From_HAD_Tiger_999.html . 14 May 2010 . live.
    7. Web site: Tiger HAD Enters Firing Campaign Using the Spike Missile . Deagel.com . 12 September 2008 . 24 May 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101017131213/http://www.deagel.com/news/Tiger-HAD-Enters-Firing-Campaign-Using-the-Spike-Missile_n000004947.aspx . 17 October 2010 . live.
    8. Web site: UAE Seeks Weaponized UH-60M 'Battlehawk' Helicopters . 28 January 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080921035208/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/UAE-Ordering-Weaponized-UH-60M-Battlehawk-Helicopters-05078/ . 21 September 2008 . live.
    9. Web site: EuroSpike GmbH. EuroSpike GmbH. 1 July 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101220143556/http://www.eurospike.com/company.html. 20 December 2010. dead.
    10. Web site: Yeo . Mike . 28 July 2020 . Singapore, Israeli firms team to develop new ship-killing missile . live . https://archive.today/20200802081347/https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2020/07/28/singapore-israeli-firms-team-to-develop-new-ship-killing-missile/ . 2 August 2020 . 8 May 2022 . Defense News . en.
    11. Web site: Multi-Purpose Missiles. Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.. 26 August 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110904025725/http://www.rafael.co.il/Marketing/343-en/Marketing.aspx. 4 September 2011. live.
    12. Web site: SPIKE-LR II Missile Weapons System . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240116102811/https://www.rafael.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Spike-LR2.pdf . 16 January 2024 . 11 February 2024 . RAFAEL Systems Ltd .
    13. http://defense-update.com/20120214_rafael-unveil-a-light-affordable-member-of-the-spike-missile-family.html Rafael Unveils a Light, Affordable Member of the Spike Missile Family
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