| Competition: | Group B |
| Season: | 1937 |
| Winners: | FC Spartak Leningrad |
| Relegated: | FC Dinamo Kazan |
| Dates: | July 23 – October 18 |
| League Topscorer: | Viktor Smagin 7 goals |
| Biggest Home Win: | Temp 6–0 Dinamo Kz (August 13) |
| Biggest Away Win: | Dinamo Kz 2–5 Stalinets L. (August 30) Torpedo 1–4 Dinamo R/D (September 24) |
| Highest Scoring: | Stalinets M. 5–4 Stalinets L. (October 1) |
| Matches: | 42 |
| Total Goals: | 122 |
| Prevseason: | 1936 Fall |
| Nextseason: | 1939 |
The 1937 Gruppa B was third season of the Soviet (second tier) professional football competitions.
Unlike the previous season that was split into two halves, this one was played as a double round-robin among seven teams. The tournament was won by Spartak Leningrad that according to pre-season regulation was to be promoted to the Gruppa A for 1938 season, however later arrangements for the next season were changed and all participants except for the last placed Dinamo Kazan gained promotion.
Also, after only playing 3 of its scheduled games and winning only one of them, CSKA Moscow was transferred to Gruppa A mid-season.[1]
No teams were relegated to the Gruppa B.
One team was promoted from the 1936 Gruppa V fall tournament.
| Rank | Scorer | Team | Goals (Pen.) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| align=center | 1 | Viktor Smagin | Stalinets Leningrad | 7 |
| align=center rowspan=2 | 2 | Arkadiy Amirjanov | Temp Baku | 6 |
| Vladimir Kuskov | Spartak Leningrad | 6 | ||
| align=center rowspan=3 | 4 | Sergei Ivanov | Stalinets Moscow | 5 |
| Timofei Rudov | Dinamo Rostov-na-Donu | 5 | ||
| Yefim Semyonov | Torpedo Moscow | 5 | ||
| align=center rowspan=5 | 7 | Ivan Bibko | Dinamo Rostov-na-Donu | 4 |
| Ilya Bizyukov | Spartak Leningrad | 4 | ||
| Veniamin Sarkisov | Temp Baku | 4 | ||
| Konstantin Sazonov | Stalinets Leningrad | 4 | ||
| Aleksei Shumov | Stalinets Moscow | 4 | ||