A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, August 19, 1887, with a magnitude of 1.0518. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.8 days before perigee (on August 21, 1887, at 0:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[1]
The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day Germany, Poland, Belarus, Lithuania, southeastern Latvia, Russia, Mongolia, China, North Korea, and Japan. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Europe, Northeast Africa, Asia, northern Greenland, and Alaska.
The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev ascended in a balloon near Moscow to observe this eclipse. The weather in Tver Governorate was cloudy and it was rain at morning, so Mendeleev forced to fly alone. He made some notes at 6:55, 20 minutes after the start, and made some observations of the solar corona. For this flight, the scientist was awarded the medal of the Academy of Aerostatic Meteorology.[2]
Russian writer Anton Chekhov published the short story "From the Diary of a Hot-Tempered Man" six weeks before the eclipse passed through Russia. The story includes a major section about the frustrations of a man who is trying to make a great variety of observations during the short interval of totality. In the story the eclipse date is given as 7 August 1887, as per the Julian Calendar then in use in Russia.
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1887 August 19 at 03:05:23.2 UTC | |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1887 August 19 at 04:09:44.3 UTC | |
| First Central Line | 1887 August 19 at 04:11:03.8 UTC | |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1887 August 19 at 04:12:23.8 UTC | |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1887 August 19 at 05:15:23.5 UTC | |
| Greatest Duration | 1887 August 19 at 05:31:45.2 UTC | |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1887 August 19 at 05:32:05.2 UTC | |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1887 August 19 at 05:38:34.1 UTC | |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1887 August 19 at 06:51:56.7 UTC | |
| Last Central Line | 1887 August 19 at 06:53:18.3 UTC | |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1887 August 19 at 06:54:39.5 UTC | |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1887 August 19 at 07:58:51.2 UTC |
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.05176 | |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.10619 | |
| Gamma | 0.63124 | |
| Sun Right Ascension | 09h52m33.6s | |
| Sun Declination | +12°53'52.0" | |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'48.5" | |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" | |
| Moon Right Ascension | 09h53m11.8s | |
| Moon Declination | +13°30'38.5" | |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'24.8" | |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°00'14.3" | |
| ΔT | -6.0 s |
See also: Eclipse cycle. This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
The partial solar eclipses on April 25, 1884 and October 19, 1884 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on July 9, 1888 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1884 to 1888 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | ||||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | ||
| 108 | March 27, 1884 Partial | 1.4602 | 113 | ||||
| 118 | March 16, 1885 Annular | 0.8030 | 123 | September 8, 1885 Total | −0.8489 | ||
| 128 | March 5, 1886 Annular | 0.0970 | 133 | August 29, 1886 Total | −0.1059 | ||
| 138 | February 22, 1887 Annular | −0.6040 | 143 | August 19, 1887 Total | 0.6312 | ||
| 148 | February 11, 1888 Partial | −1.2684 | 153 | August 7, 1888 Partial | −1.2797 | ||
All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
