Shutrukid dynasty explained

Shutrukid dynasty
Founder:Shutruk-Nakhunte I
Final Ruler:Shutur-Nahhunte I
Historic Seat:Susa
Country:Elam
Region:Western Iran
Origin:Asia
Parent Family:Igihalkid dynasty
Cadet Branches:Elamite dynasty
Other Families:Humban-Tahrid dynasty
Traditions:Elamite religion

The Shutrukid dynasty was a dynasty of the Elamite empire, in modern Iran. Under the Shutrukids, Elam reached a height in power.[1]

History

Shutruk-Nakhkhunte was the founder of this dynasty. He took as wife a Babylonian princess, the eldest daughter of Melishihu of Babylon. Shutruk-Nakhkhunte and his three sons, Kutir-Nakhkhunte II, Shilhak-In-Shushinak, and Khutelutush-In-Shushinak were capable of frequent military campaigns into Kassite Babylonia (which was also being ravaged by the empire of Assyria during this period), and at the same time were exhibiting vigorous construction activity—building and restoring luxurious temples in Susa and across their Empire.[1] Shutruk-Nakhkhunte raided Babylonia, carrying home to Susa trophies like the statues of Marduk and Manishtushu, the Manishtushu Obelisk, the Stele of Hammurabi and the stele of Naram-Sin.[1] With these trophies, he attempted to give a new aura to Elam, as the conqueror of Babylonia.[1] Shutruk-Nakhunte added his own inscription on the stele of Naram-Sin:

In 1158 BC, after much of Babylonia had been annexed by Ashur-Dan I of Assyria and Shutruk-Nakhkhunte, the Elamites defeated permanently the Kassites, a dynasty which had ruled Mesopotamia for four centuries.[1] [2] They killed the Kassite king of Babylon, Zababa-shuma-iddin, and replaced him with Shutruk-Nakhkhunte's eldest son, Kutir-Nakhkhunte, who held it no more than three years before being ejected by the native Akkadian speaking Babylonians. The Elamites then briefly came into conflict with Assyria, managing to take the Assyrian city of Arrapha (modern Kirkuk) before being ultimately defeated and having a treaty forced upon them by Ashur-Dan I.

Kutir-Nakhkhunte's son Khutelutush-In-Shushinak was defeated by Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon, who sacked Susa and returned the statue of Marduk, but who was then himself defeated by the Assyrian king Ashur-resh-ishi I. He fled to Anshan, but later returned to Susa, and his brother Shilhana-Hamru-Lagamar may have succeeded him as last king of the Shutrukid dynasty. Following Khutelutush-In-Shushinak, the power of the Elamite empire began to wane, for after the death of this ruler, Elam disappears into obscurity for more than three centuries.

List of rulers

The following list should not be considered complete:

DepictionNameSuccessionTitle datesNotes
Middle Elamite II period
Shutrukid dynasty [3]
1stHallutush-InshushinakUnclear successionKing of Anshan and SusaUncertain,
2ndShutruk-Nakhunte IEponymous founder of the Shutrukid dynasty
Son of Hallutush-Inshushinak
Son-in-law of Melishihu of Babylon[4] 		King of Anshan and Susa
Sovereign of the land of Elam
Lord of the land of Elam		Uncertain, temp. of:
3rdKutir-Nahhunte IISon of Shutruk-Nahhunte IKing of Anshan and Susa
King of Elam
King of Babylon		Uncertain, temp. of:
4thShilhak-Inshushinak ISon of Shutruk-Nahhunte IKing of Anshan and Susa
King of Elam		Uncertain,
(30 years)		temp. of:
5thHutelutush-InshushinakSon of Kutir-Nahhunte IIKing of Anshan and Susa
King of Elam
King of Elam and Susiana		Uncertain, temp. of:
Neo-Elamite I period
6thShilhina-Hamru-Lakamar Son of Shilhak-Inshushinak IKing of Anshan and Susa
King of Elam		Uncertain,
Elamite dynasty of Babylonia
7thMar-biti-apla-usurUnclear successionKing of Babylon
Son of Elam		Uncertain,
(6 years)		temp. of:
Elamite Dark Ages
8thAkshir-ShimutUnclear successionKing of Anshan and SusaUncertain,
9thAkshir-NahhunteUnclear successionKing of Anshan and SusaUncertain,
10thKara-IndashUnclear successionKing of ElamUncertain,
Neo-Elamite II period
Humban-Tahrid dynasty
11thUnknownUnclear successionKing of Anshan and SusaUncertain, temp. of:
12thHumban-Numena IIUnclear successionKing of ElamUncertain,
13thShutruk-Nahhunte IISon of Humban-Numena IIKing of ElamUncertain,
14thShutur-Nahhunte ISon of Humban-Numena IIKing of Anshan and SusaUncertain,

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre . 1992 . Metropolitan Museum of Art . 978-0-87099-651-1 . 122 . en.
  2. Book: Álvarez-Mon . Javier . The Art of Elam CA. 4200–525 BC . 31 March 2020 . Routledge . 978-1-000-03485-1 . 434 . en.
  3. Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
  4. Potts . D. T. . Elamites and Kassites in the Persian Gulf . Journal of Near Eastern Studies . April 2006 . 65 . 2 . 111–119 . University of Chicago Press. 10.1086/504986 .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Shutrukid dynasty".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2025, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.