World Organization of the Scout Movement explained

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) is the largest and, after the Order of World Scouts (formed in 1911) is the second oldest international scout organization, having been established in 1922.^{[4] [5]} It has 176 members. These members are national scout organizations that founded WOSM or have subsequently been recognised by WOSM, which collectively have around 43 million participants. Its operational headquarters is in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia while it is legally based in Geneva, Switzerland.

WOSM's current stated mission is "to contribute to the education of young people, through a value system based on the Scout Promise and Scout Law, to help build a better world where people are self-fulfilled as individuals and play a constructive role in society".^{[6] [7]}

WOSM operates through conferences of its member organization representatives, its committee and its full-time bureau, structured into regions. It is associated with three World Scout Centres. A World Scout Jamboree is held approximately every four years under its auspices and it organizes World Scout Moots for 17- to 26-year-olds and previously organized World Scout Indabas, a gathering for Scout leaders. The World Scout Foundation is a separately governed fund, supported by donations, for the development of WOSM associated programs.

WOSM is the counterpart of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS). It is a non-governmental organization with General Consultative Status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).^[8]

History

In 1920, a conference held during the 1st World Scout Jamboree at Olympia, London agreed to create a Boy Scouts international bureau. An office was established at 25 Buckingham Palace Road, London and The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom International Commissioner, Hubert S. Martin, was appointed as honorary director. The bureau's principal task was to co-ordinate discussions and prepare a second international conference in Paris in 1922. At the 1922 Paris conference, The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement and its committee were constituted and took over the bureau in London.

In 1961, the organization's conference reconstituted the organization under the name World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). Its International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement became WOSM's World Scout Conference ("conference"), its Boy Scouts International Committee became WOSM's World Scout Committee ("committee") and its Boy Scouts International Bureau became WOSM's World Scout Bureau ("bureau").^[9]

Member Organizations

See: WOSM members

WOSM's membership consists of its remaining founding member organizations and organizations recognized by WOSM as national scout organizations. WOSM's rules protect its founding and existing member organizations by permitting only one member organization in each country and locking-out all other Scout organizations from WOSM membership, recognition and participation no matter how worthy or large their membership. Several member organizations are federations, some with different component groups divided on the basis of religion (e.g., France and Denmark), ethnic identification (e.g., Israel) or language (e.g., Belgium). However, WOSM has never required an existing member organization to federate with other Scout organizations in the country, in order to make WOSM more inclusive and representative. There are numerous Canadian Scout organizations but only one is a WOSM member organization (the Canadian branch of one of the organizations that founded WOSM) which has a French language affiliate which is thereby recognized by WOSM. Other than this inherent limitation on WOSM membership, the basis for WOSM membership includes adherence to WOSM's aims and principles and independence from political involvement on the part of each member organization.

WOSM has members in some non-sovereign territories.

• Aruba - Scouting Aruba: Full Member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement
• Curaçao, Sint Maarten and the Caribbean Netherlands (former Netherlands Antilles) - Scouting Antiano: Full Member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement
• Hong Kong - The Scout Association of Hong Kong: Full Member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement
• Macau - Associação de Escoteiros de Macau: Full Member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Non-national members

WOSM historically recognized some non-national Scout organizations:

• "National" organizations operating outside their original homelands. WOSM's conference admitted and recognised the exile Russian Scouts as the "Representatives of Russian Scouting in Foreign Countries" on 30 August 1922 and the Armenian Scouts in France were recognized as a "National Movement on Foreign Soil" on 30 April 1929.^[9]
• Small, non-voting associations. The International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone, a group in Panama with Scouts that claimed British and not Panamanian nationality was originally placed under the Boy Scouts of America's overseas but, in 1947, was transferred under WOSM's bureau.^[10] The group had over 900 members in 1957 and existed as a directly registered group until the late 60s. The Boy Scouts of the United Nations began in 1945 and for years there was an active Boy Scouts of the United Nations with several troops at Parkway Village in New York City but only 14 members in 1959. Both the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone and the Boy Scouts of United Nations have long since disbanded.
• Directly registered "mixed-nationality Troops" were registered after discussions concerning such troops took place at WOSM's 3rd conference in 1924^[11] at which WOSM's bureau was authorized to directly register such groups. It seems that the discussion at WOSM's 1924 conference was, at least in part, prompted by a letter to Baden-Powell from the Scoutmaster of one such troop in Yokohama, Japan.^[12] Janning's troop became the first troop directly registered by WOSM's bureau.^[13] Only a few troops were directly registered and the practice was soon discontinued with new "mixed" groups being encouraged to join the WOSM member organization of their country of residence. In 1955, only two such groups were still active, a troop in Iraq that disbanded that year,^[14] and the first group to be so registered, the International Troop 1 in Yokohama.^{[15] [16]} The only remaining directly registered Troop is the International Boy Scouts, Troop 1 located in Yokohama, Japan.
• Temporary recognition was extended to Scouts in displaced persons camps after World War II. In 1947, at WOSM's 11th conference the "Displaced Persons Division" of WOSM's bureau was established to register and support Scouts in displaced person camps in Austria, Northern Italy, and Germany.^[17] These Scouts did not receive the right of WOSM membership but gained recognition as Scouts under WOSM's bureau until they took up residence in a country that had a recognized national Scout organization, which they could join.^[18] The D.P. Division was closed on 30 June 1950.^[19]

WOSM associate members are recognized but not full members.

• French Polynesia - Conseil du Scoutisme polynésien: Associate Member of the Asia-Pacific Region of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Countries without a WOSM member organization

In 2020, WOSM listed twenty-five potential member organizations. Ten of these were served by oversea branches of WOSM member organizations (see

1. Countries and territories with Scouting run by overseas branches of WOSM member organizations

).^[20]

• Central African Republic - Fédération du scoutisme centrafricain
• Djibouti - Association des Scouts de Djibouti
• Equatorial Guinea - Scouting in Equatorial Guinea
• Eritrea - National Scout Association of Eritrea
• Iran - Iran Scout Organization
• Kyrgyzstan - Scouting in Kyrgyzstan
• Samoa - Scouting in Samoa
• Somalia - Scouting in Somalia
• Turkmenistan - Scouting in Turkmenistan
• Uzbekistan - Scouting in Uzbekistan
• Kosovo - Scouting in Kosovo - partially recognized state
• Somaliland - Scouting in Somaliland - self-proclaimed unrecognized functional state within Somalia
• Western Sahara - Scouting in Western Sahara

In 2020, WOSM listed five countries as without Scouts.

• Andorra - Scouts et Guides Andora - reactivated in 2016
• People's Republic of China (mainland China) - Scouts in mainland China Currently there is no unified Scout association in mainland China.
• Cuba - Asociación de Scouts de Cuba operated in Cuba prior to 1961 and in exile [Note:one new Scout group, in a Catholic church in Santiago de Cuba since early 2012]
• Laos - Scouts Lao operated prior to 1975 and in exile]][Laotian Scouts in exile existed at least into the early 1990s in Los Angeles and Birmingham alongside Vietnamese Scouts in exile and Cambodian Scouts in exile groups and a small remnant persists in Sacramento and San Pablo.]
• North Korea - shared history with Korea Scout Association prior to 1950
• Vatican City - as this state is normally without any resident children or youth, the question becomes moot. Occasional exceptions would in practice be handled by the italian organization.

Structure

Conference

WOSM's conference is its general meeting of member organizations' representatives which meet every three years, hosted by a member association. Each member organizations may send six delegates. The conference is usually preceded by the World Scout Youth Forum.^[21]

Date	Number	Location	Country	Member Countries	Host Candidate Countries
1920	Retrospectively referred to as the "First International Conference"	London	United Kingdom	33
1922	First International Conference (retrospectively referred to as the "Second")	Paris	France	30
1924	Third International Conference	Copenhagen	Denmark	34
1926	Fourth International Conference	Kandersteg		29
1929	Fifth International Conference	Birkenhead		33
1931	Sixth International Conference	Baden bei Wien		44
1933	Seventh International Conference	Gödöllő		31
1935	Eighth International Conference	Stockholm		28
1937	Ninth International Conference	The Hague		34
1939	10th International Conference	Edinburgh		27
1947	11th International Conference	Château de Rosny-sur-Seine		32
1949	12th International Conference	Elvesæter		25
1951	13th International Conference	Salzburg		34
1953	14th International Conference	Vaduz		35
1955	15th International Conference	Niagara Falls, Ontario		44
1957	16th International Conference	Cambridge		52
1959	17th International Conference	New Delhi		35
1961	18th International Conference	Lisbon	Portugal[22]	50
1963	19th World Scout Conference	Rhodes		52
1965	20th World Scout Conference	Mexico City		59
1967	21st World Scout Conference	Seattle		70
1969	22nd World Scout Conference	Espoo		64
1971	23rd World Scout Conference	Tokyo		71
1973	24th World Scout Conference	Nairobi		77
1975	25th World Scout Conference	Lundtoft		87
1977	26th World Scout Conference	Montreal		81
1979	27th World Scout Conference	Birmingham		81
1981	28th World Scout Conference	Dakar		74
1983	29th World Scout Conference		United States	90
1985	30th World Scout Conference	Munich		93
1988	31st World Scout Conference	Melbourne		77
1990	32nd World Scout Conference	Paris		100
1993	33rd World Scout Conference	Sattahip		99
1996	34th World Scout Conference	Oslo		108
1999	35th World Scout Conference	Durban		116
2002	36th World Scout Conference	Thessaloniki		125
2005	37th World Scout Conference	Hammamet		122	Hong Kong
2008	38th World Scout Conference	Jeju-do		150
2011	39th World Scout Conference	Curitiba		138	Australia, Hong Kong, Switzerland
2014	40th World Scout Conference	Ljubljana		143	Italy
2017	41st World Scout Conference	Baku		169[23]	Malaysia
2021	42nd World Scout Conference	Digital		170[24]
2024	43rd World Scout Conference	Cairo	Egypt[25]	176	France, Mexico
2027	44th World Scout Conference	London	United Kingdom[26]		Rwanda,[27]

Committee

WOSM's committee is its executive governing body, composed of elected volunteers and its secretary general, which is responsible for the implementation of the resolutions of its conference and governs the organization between meetings of its conference. The committee meets at least twice a year. Its steering committee, consisting of the chairperson, two vice-chairpersons and its youth advisor and secretary general meet as needed.^[28]

The committee has 21 members. Twelve, each from a different country, are elected for three-year terms by WOSM's conference. The members, elected without regard to their nationality, represent the interests of the movement as a whole, not those of their country. The secretary general, the treasurer of WOSM and a representative member of the board of the World Scout Foundation and the chairpersons of the regional Scout committees are ex-officio members of the committee. From 2008 to 2021 six Youth Advisors to the WSC were elected by the World Scout Youth Forum. The Youth Advisors participated in all of the WSC meetings and were also part of the governing structure between the meetings.^[29] There will be no Youth Advisors from 2024.

The 2021-2024 the committee set up work streams to address the top strategic priorities, as defined by WOSM's conference, which at present include:^[30]

• Educational Methods
  • Boosting adult volunteers
  • Earth Tribe Coordinating Team
  • Gender Mainstreaming Coordination
  • Life Skills Initiative
  • SCENES Coordination Team
• World Events
  • Evolution of its conference
  • Innovation of all World Events
• Good Governance
  • Growth, Recovery and Resilience - Enabling Capacities for Growth
  • GSAT Review and New Partner On-boarding
  • Safe from Harm 1 - Compliance Mechanism Build, Pilot and Implementation
  • Safe from Harm in World and Regional Events
  • Strengthening Consultants Support in Financial Management
  • WOSM Consultants 2.0

Task forces include:

• Youth Engagement in Decision-Making
• Sustainability

Workstream Coordination Group

• Project management support
• Volunteer management support
• Monitoring and evaluation support

Standing committees include:

• Audit
• Budget
• Constitutions
• Ethics
• Honours and Awards
• Steering

Current committee members

Name	Country	Position	until
Daniël Corsen		Chairperson	2027
Mori Chi-Kin Cheng	Hong Kong	Vice Chairperson	2027
Julius Kramer	Sweden	Vice Chairperson	2027
Victor Atipagah	Ghana	Voting member	2027
Elise Drouet	France	Voting member	2027
Callum Kaye	United Kingdom	Voting member	2027
Steve Kent	Canada	Voting member	2027
Nour Elhouda Mahmoudi	Algeria	Voting member	2027
Martin Meier	Liechtenstein	Voting member	2027
Mohammad Omar	Egypt	Voting member	2027
Christine Pollithy	Germany	Voting member	2027
Sahali Ycossie	Cote d'Ivoire	Voting member	2027
Rubem Tadeu Cordeiro Perlingeiro	Brazil	Chair, Interamerican Region	2025
Matthias Gerth	Switzerland	Chair, European Region	2025
Abdullah Mohammad Al-Turaiji	Kuwait	Chair, Arab Region	2025
Maina Kiranga	Botswana	Chair, African Region	2025
Dale Corvera	Philippines	Chair, Asia-Pacific Region	2025
Hong Leng Chay	Singapore	Treasurer
Ahmad Alhendawi	Jordan	Secretary General
Jennifer Hancock	United States	World Scout Foundation

• Note: In 2008, WOSM's conference decided that, starting at the conference in 2011, elected committee members will serve for only three years but be eligible for re-election for one additional term. Due SARS-COV2 (COVID-19) pandemic, WOSM's conference was rescheduled from Aug 2020 to Aug 2021.

Bureau

WOSM's bureau is its secretariat that carries instructions of its conference and committee. The bureau is administered by the secretary general, supported by a staff of technical resource personnel.^{[31] [32]}

A bureau was established in London, England in 1922, moved to Ottawa, Ontario, Canada in 1959, Geneva, Switzerland after 1 May 1968^[33] and Kuala Lumpur after August 2013.^[34]

Directors / secretaries general and deputies

Title	Years	Name	Country
Director	1920–1938
Director	1938–1951
Director	1951–1965	Daniel Spry	Canada
Director	1965–1968
Secretary General	1968–1988
Secretary General	1988–2004
Deputy Secretary General	1991–2004
Deputy Secretary General	1991–2004
Secretary General	2004–2007
Deputy Secretary General	2004–2007
Deputy Secretary General	2004–2007	Luc Panissod
Secretary General	2007–2012
Secretary General	2013–2016	Scott Teare
Secretary General	2017– 2024	Ahmad Alhendawi

^{[35] [36]}

Kandersteg International Scout Centre

Kandersteg International Scout Centre in Switzerland, operated by The KISC Association is the only WOSM activity centre.^[37]

Programmes

The Better World Framework combines the Scouts of the World Award, Messengers of Peace and World Scout Environment Programmes as programme initiatives administered by WOSM's bureau.^[38]

WOSM emblem

WOSM's emblem and trademark is a purple circular logo with a white fleur-de-lis in the center with a purple five-point star in each outer lobe, surrounded by a circle of white rope tied with a reef or square knot at the base.

Symbolism

The fleur-de-lis, commonly with a five-point star in each of outer lobe, is a more widely used symbol of the Scout Movement. The fleur-de-lis represents the north point on a map or compass and is intended to point Scouts on the path to service. The three lobes on the fleur-de-lis represent the three parts of the Scout Promise: duty to God, service to others and obedience to the Scout Law.^[39] A "bond", tying the three lobes of the fleur-de-lis together, symbolizes the family of Scouts.^[40] The two five-point stars stand for truth and knowledge, with the ten points representing the ten points of the Scout Law.

The WOSM emblem adds an encircling rope, tied with a knot at the base, which symbolizes the unity and bond of the Scout Movement and uses purple and white colours. In heraldry, the white of the fleur-de-lis and rope denotes purity and the royal purple denotes leadership and service.

WOSM emblem history

For the origin of the fleur-de-lis as a more widely used Scout symbol see: Scout Movement.

From its origin in 1922 until 1939, WOSM did not have its own emblem. In 1939, its director, J. S. Wilson, introduced an international Scout badge, a silver fleur-de-lis on a purple background containing the five continent names in silver framed between two concentric circles. Wearing of the badge was confined to WOSM committee members and bureau staff and their past members. The design became WOSM's logo and a purple flag containing the design followed, the flying of which was restricted to WOSM international Scout gatherings.

In 1955, WOSM's emblem was redesigned in mid-century minimalist style, dropping the continent names and circles and replacing them with a circle of tied rope in the style of family clan emblems. The redesign was introduced at WOSM's 8th World Scout Jamboree by former Boy Scouts of Greece National Commissioner Demetrios Alexatos.^[41]

In August 2024, WOSM introduced the current minor redesign of its emblem.

Use by WOSM member organizations

WOSM's emblem is worn by Scouts and Scouters of several of its member organizations, which determine the manner in which WOSM's emblem is worn.

The Scout Association (United Kingdom)

The Scout Association refers to WOSM's emblem as its "Membership Award"^[40] and uses it as its joining badge for its Beavers, Cubs, Scouts, Explorer Scouts and Scout Network, with progressing requirements intended to help the member understand their commitment.^{[42] [43] [44] [45]}

Boy Scouts of America

The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) refers to WOSM's emblem as the World Crest. It may be worn on BSA uniforms as an emblem of the worldwide Scout Movement. BSA first used the badge as an award for Scouts and Scouters who participated in an international Scouting event from early 1956 through 1991 with requirements devised by each council. In 1991, BSA made it part of the uniform for all Scouts and its International Activity Patch replaced the World Scout Crest as an award.^[46]

Scouts South Africa

Scouts South Africa uses the WOSM emblem badge when new members join as a Cub, a Scout or an Adult Leader. The badge is worn on the left front pocket of the uniform, over the heart.

Further reading about WOSM emblem

• Book: Wilson, John S. . 210 . J. S. Wilson . 1959 . Scouting Round the World . First . Blandford Press .

Awards

Bronze Wolf Award

WOSM's Bronze Wolf Award is given for exceptional services to the international Scout Movement. It was first awarded to Robert Baden-Powell by a unanimous decision of the committee on the day the award was instituted in 1935.

Scouts of the World Award

See article:Scouts of the World Award

Inter-religious forum

See also: Religion in Scouting. WOSM's Inter-religious Forum serves as a working-group for eight main religious groups:^[47]

• CPGS – Council of Protestants in Guiding and Scouting
• DESMOS – International Link of Orthodox Christian Scouts
• ICCS – International Catholic Conference of Scouting
• IFJS – International Forum of Jewish Scouts
• IUMS – International Union of Muslim Scouts
• WBSB – World Buddhist Scout Brotherhood
• The Church of the Latter Day Saints

Publications

Publications of WOSM include:

• Scouting 'Round the World: a book updated every three years with details on all WOSM member organizations;
• WorldInfo : a monthly circular distributed in electronic format with the help of Scoutnet.

Countries and territories with Scouts run by overseas branches of WOSM member organizations

Ten of these overseas branches of accredited National Scout Organizations are considered "potential members" by the WOSM (marked by *).^[48]

Sovereign countries

Served by the Boy Scouts of America

• Federated States of Micronesia - Scouting in the Federated States of Micronesia* - Aloha Council of the Boy Scouts of America
• Marshall Islands - Scouting in the Marshall Islands* - Aloha Council of the Boy Scouts of America
• Palau - Scouting in Palau* - Aloha Council of the Boy Scouts of America

Served by The Scout Association (UK)'

• Saint Kitts and Nevis - The Scout Association of Saint Kitts and Nevis*
• Tonga - Tonga branch of The Scout Association*
• Tuvalu - Tuvalu Scout Association*
• Vanuatu - Vanuatu branch of The Scout Association*

Served by Scouts Australia

• Nauru - Scouting in Nauru*

Non-sovereign territories

Australia

• Christmas Island - Scouts Australia
• Cocos (Keeling) Islands - Scouts Australia
• Norfolk Island - Scouts Australia

Denmark

• Faroe Islands - Føroya Skótaráð
• Greenland - Grønlands Spejderkorps

France

• French Guiana - Scouting in French Guiana
• Guadeloupe and Saint Martin - Scouting in Guadeloupe et Saint Martin
• Martinique - Scouts et Guides de Martinique
• Mayotte - Scouting in Mayotte
• New Caledonia - Scouting in New Caledonia
• Réunion - Scouting on Réunion
• Saint Pierre and Miquelon - Scouting in Saint Pierre and Miquelon
• Wallis and Futuna - Scouting in Wallis and Futuna

New Zealand

• Cook Islands - Cook Islands Boy Scout Association
• Niue - Scouting and Guiding on Niue
• Tokelau - Scouting and Guiding in Tokelau

United Kingdom

• Anguilla - The Scout Association of Anguilla
• Bermuda - Bermuda Scout Association
• Cayman Islands - The Scout Association of the Cayman Islands
• Falkland Islands - Scouting and Guiding in the Falkland Islands
• Gibraltar - The Scout Association of Gibraltar
• Montserrat - The Scout Association of Montserrat
• Saint Helena and Ascension Island - Scouting and Guiding on Saint Helena and Ascension Island
• Turks and Caicos Islands - The Scout Association of the Turks and Caicos
• British Virgin Islands - The Scout Association of the British Virgin Islands

United States

• American Samoa - Scouting in American Samoa - Aloha Council of the Boy Scouts of America
• Guam - Scouting in Guam - Aloha Council of the Boy Scouts of America
• Northern Marianas Islands - Scouting in the Northern Mariana Islands - Aloha Council of the Boy Scouts of America
• Puerto Rico - Puerto Rico Council of the Boy Scouts of America
• United States Virgin Islands - Scouting in the United States Virgin Islands is the responsibility of National Capital Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America

Antarctica

• Antarctica - Scouting in the Antarctic

See also

• List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members
• Scouts of the World Award

Further reading

• Facts on World Scouting, Boy Scouts International Bureau, Ottawa, Canada, 1961
• Laszlo Nagy, 250 Million Scouts, The World Scout Foundation and Dartnell Publishers, 1985
• Eduard Vallory, "World Scouting: Educating for Global Citizenship", Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2012

External links

• About: World Scout Committee
• About: World Scout Bureau
• World Scout Shops

Notes and References

1. Web site: 16 August 2024 . Scouting in Albania joins as the 176th Member Organization of World Scouting | World Scouting . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20240817080721/https://www.scout.org/news/news/scouting-albania-joins-176th-member-organization . 2024-08-17 . Scout.org.
2. Web site: 9 June 2024 . Association des Scouts et Guides du Mali joins as 175th Member of World Scouting . World Organization of the Scout Movement.
3. Web site: 31 May 2022 . Final WOSM Census 2022 .
4. Web site: January 2011 . Constitution of the World Organization of the Scout Movement . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230419/http://scout.org/sites/default/files/library_files/WOSM_Constitution_EN.pdf . 3 March 2016 . 23 February 2015 . World Organization of the Scout Movement . 3.
5. Book: Colquhoun, OBE, John Frederick . John Frederick Colquhoun . Running a Scout Group . The Boy Scouts Association . 1954 . London . 198 . the first International Conference was held in Paris in '1922', when Great Britain became one of the founder-members of the world organization..
6. Web site: 2017 . Mission . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171206111742/https://www.scout.org/mission . 6 December 2017 . 6 December 2017 . World Organization of the Scout Movement . dmy-all.
7. Web site: 2007 . The Mission of Scouting . dead . http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090629035914/http://www.scout.org/en/about_scouting/mission_vision . 29 June 2009 . 30 May 2007 . World Organization of the Scout Movement . dmy-all.
8. Web site: 2016 . WOSM and the UN . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20210621023258/https://www.scout.org/un . 21 June 2021 . 29 July 2016 . World Organization of the Scout Movement.
9. Book: Kroonenberg, Piet J. . Piet J. Kroonenberg . The Undaunted . March 2004 . Las Vegas International Scouting Museum . 9780974647906 . Integral Internet Edition, November 2011 . Chapter 2: International Scouting: Refugees, Displaced Persons and Exile Scouting . 21 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161220201229/https://www.scouting.nl/downloads/referentiebibliotheek/historie/piet-j-kroonenberg/2338-undaunted/file . 20 December 2016 . dead.
10. Book: Wilson, John S. . J. S. Wilson . Scouting Round the World . Blandford Press . 1959 . first . London . 134 . The International Bureau Goes on the Road . "At Balboa we met up with Gunnar Berg and Ray Wyland of the B.S.A., also on their way to Bogota, and had a conference about the question of coloured Scouts in the Canal Zone, who claim British and not Panamanian nationality. It was agreed that they should be taken under the wing of the Canal Zone Council of the Boy Scouts of America, but ten years later they were transferred directly under WOSM's bureau as the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone.".
11. Web site: Wilson . J. S. . 1948 . Historical Documents - Letter from BSIB Deputy Director . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131101134312/http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html . 1 November 2013 . 30 January 2013 . International Boy Scouts.
12. Web site: Janning . Jos. . 1967 . Historical Documents - Letter from IBS Scoutmaster . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131101134312/http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html . 1 November 2013 . 30 January 2013 . International Boy Scouts.
13. Web site: Lund . R.T. . R.T. Lund . 1955 . Historical Documents - Letter from BSIB Deputy Director . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131101134312/http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html . 1 November 2013 . 30 January 2013 . International Boy Scouts.
14. Web site: Lund . R.T. . R.T. Lund . 1950 . Historical Documents - Letter from BSIB Deputy Director . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131101134312/http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html . 1 November 2013 . 30 January 2013 . International Boy Scouts.
15. Web site: Kentropp . Keith E. . 1972 . Historical Documents - Letter from BSIS . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131101134312/http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html . 1 November 2013 . 30 January 2013 . International Boy Scouts.
16. Web site: Lund . R.T. . R.T. Lund . 1956 . Historical Documents - Letter from BSIB Deputy Director . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131101134312/http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html . 1 November 2013 . 30 January 2013 . International Boy Scouts.
17. Book: Kroonenberg, Piet J. . Piet J. Kroonenberg . The Undaunted – The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe . Oriole International Publications . 1998 . 2-88052-003-7 . Geneva . 42–43.
18. Book: Kroonenberg, Piet J. . Piet J. Kroonenberg . The Undaunted – The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe . Oriole International Publications . 1998 . 2-88052-003-7 . Geneva . 43–46.
19. Book: Kroonenberg, Piet J. . Piet J. Kroonenberg . The Undaunted – The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe . Oriole International Publications . 1998 . 2-88052-003-7 . Geneva . 45–46.
20. Web site: National Scout Organizations . www.scout.org.
21. Web site: Laszlo Nagy (1921–2009) / Secretary General / World Bureau / Governance / Our Organisation / Home – World Organization of the Scout Movement . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090926120551/http://scout.org/en/our_organisation/governance/world_bureau/secretary_general/laszlo_nagy . 26 September 2009.
22. News: 9 February 1960 . Moot 'Down Under' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220118220305/https://newspaperarchive.com/entertainment-clipping-feb-09-1960-1340968/ . 18 January 2022 . 3 September 2019 . . . 9 . NewspaperArchive.com.
23. Web site: World Scouting Welcomes the Iraq Scout Association . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170817202819/https://www.scout.org/node/366936 . 17 August 2017 . 17 August 2017 . World Scouting.
24. Web site: 25 August 2021 . Opening of the 42nd World Scout Conference . live . https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/FrYQnQW1_34 . 2021-12-11 . YouTube.
25. Web site: World Scout Conference declares Egypt the host for the next event in 2024 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220118150024/https://www.scout.org/43-world-scout-conference-2024 . 18 January 2022 . 29 August 2021 . World Organization of the Scout Movement.
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