Samajwadi Party Explained

The Samajwadi Party (SP;) is a socialist political party in India.^[6] It was founded on 4 October 1992 by former Janata Dal politician Mulayam Singh Yadav and is headquartered in New Delhi. The Samajwadi Party is currently led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav.^{[12] [13] [14]}

While the party is largely based in Uttar Pradesh,^[15] it has significant presence in many other Indian states as well. It has been the ruling party in the state of Uttar Pradesh for four terms – three times under Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav, the fourth and most recent being Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav's full majority government in the 2012–2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

The coalition of the party and its alliance partners: Samajwadi Alliance SP+ is currently the largest bloc in Uttar Pradesh in terms of Lok Saba MPs. The alliance has one of the largest vote bases in the state of Uttar Pradesh in terms of the collective voting pattern, with more than 37% vote share in the 2022 assembly elections and 44% in the 2024 general elections.^{[16] [17]}

History

The Samajwadi Party was one of several parties that emerged when Janata Dal fragmented into several regional parties.^[18] The party was founded by Mulayam Singh Yadav in 1992.^{[19] [20]} Created just months before the Babri Masjid demolition, the party rose to power by pursuing secular politics. The support of its key voters, Other Backward Classes and Muslims helped the party become a major political force in Uttar Pradesh.^{[6] [21]}

In West Bengal, the West Bengal Socialist Party of Kiranmoy Nanda merged with the SP in 2010. The Samajwadi Party is now led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav.

He was chosen as the President for the first time in an Emergency meeting in 2017. He was chosen for second time in 2017 at Agra Convention of Samajwadi Party. He was chosen for the third time at the party's national convention held in September 2022 at Lucknow,^{[12] [13] [14]} after he was chosen as the President at the party's national convention held on 1 January 2017.

The party have contested Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections around the country, but by far the bulk of its victories have been in Uttar Pradesh. In the 2012 legislative assembly elections of Uttar Pradesh, SP registered a landslide victory with a clear majority in the house, thus enabling it to form a government in the state. This was expected to be the fifth term of Mulayam Singh Yadav as Chief Minister of state, but he selected his son, Akhilesh Yadav instead. This became official on 15 March. It was also the first time that SP was head of the UP government for a full term of five years.^{[22] [23]} However, the party suffered a landslide defeat in the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, slumping to only 47 seats as the Bharatiya Janata Party swept to victory.

National Convention of January 2017

In a National Convention held on 1 January 2017, called by Ram Gopal Yadav, Akhilesh Yadav was appointed as president of the Party for 5 years.^[24]

Position in state and national politics

Alliance

UPA

The Samajwadi Party provided outside support to the United Progressive Alliance government up to the fourteenth general election. After the fourteenth general election, its support became unnecessary when the UPA became the largest alliance. It contested the 2009 general election in alliance with the Rashtriya Janata Dal and the Lok Janshakti Party of Bihar.^[25]

In April 2014, the Save Indian Family Foundation encouraged voters to support the Samajwadi Party or vote None of the above because they had said they opposed the alleged misuse of gender bias laws.^[26]

SP-BSP Alliance

In 2019 general election, the Samajwadi Party was defeated by the BJP in Uttar Pradesh though allying with Bahujan Samaj Party.^[27] It became the thirteenth largest party in parliament.^[28] In the general elections of 2019, it won only five seats, while the BSP won 10.

INDIA

Recently, Samajwadi Party joined the newly formed Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance formed as an umbrella alliance of opposition parties in India.^{[29] [30] [31]}

In the 2024 Indian general election, the Samajwadi Party achieved a historic breakthrough by winning 37 seats, making it the third-largest party in the 18th Lok Sabha. In Uttar Pradesh, the Samajwadi Party contested the elections in alliance with the Indian National Congress. Together, they secured 43 out of the 80 seats in the state, marking a significant gain for the INDIA Alliance.

Presence in state assemblies

The SP has two MLAs in Maharashtra and one MLA in the 2022 Gujarat assembly election.

Samajwadi Prahari and Samajwadi Sanwad

Under the guidance of Kailash Chaurasia, who was the Minister of State in the Government of Uttar Pradesh and under the direction of Dr.Arvind Srivastava, Shri Shivendra Nandan ^[32] made the formal announcement of the formation of Samajwadi Sentinel and in this sequence, Samajwadi Samvad to put forward the public's views. He reportedly cited the fight for equal rights for all races and issues related to inequality in youth-related matters as the main issues presented. The Samajwadi Party has front line campaigning groups.^[33] Ongoing debate on party policy comes from many of their leaders. Among them are:

1. Chhatra Sabha Sanwad
2. Yuvjan Sabha Sanwad
3. Samajwadi prahari Sanwad
4. Mulayam Singh Youth Brigade Sanwad
5. Lohiya Vahini Sanwad
6. Shikshak Sabha Sanwad
7. Vyapar Sabha Sanwad
8. Adhivakta Sabha Sanwad
9. Ambedkar Vahini Samwad

Electoral performances

Lok Sabha Elections

Lok Sabha Term!style="background-color:;color:white"

Lok Sabha	Seats contested	Seats won	% of votes	State (seats)	Ref
11th Lok Sabha	1996	111		3.3%	Uttar Pradesh (16), Bihar (1)	[34]
12th Lok Sabha	1998	166		4.9%	Uttar Pradesh (19)	[35]
13th Lok Sabha	1999	151		3.8%	Uttar Pradesh (26)	[36]
14th Lok Sabha	2004	237		4.3%	Uttar Pradesh (35), Uttarakhand (1)	[37]
15th Lok Sabha	2009	193		3.4%	Uttar Pradesh (23)	[38]
16th Lok Sabha	2014	197		3.4%	Uttar Pradesh (5)	[39]
17th Lok Sabha	2019	49		2.6%	Uttar Pradesh (5)	[40]
18th Lok Sabha	2024	62		4.58%	Uttar Pradesh (37)	[41]

Assembly Elections

Vidhan Sabha Term!style="background-color:;color:white"

UP Elections	Seats contested	Seats won	% of votes	Party Votes	Ref
Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
12th Vidhan Sabha	1993	256		17.94%	8,963,697	[42]
13th Vidhan Sabha	1996	281		21.80%	12,085,226	[43]
14th Vidhan Sabha	2002	390		25.37%	13,612,509	[44]
15th Vidhan Sabha	2007	393		25.43%	13,267,674	[45]
16th Vidhan Sabha	2012	401		29.15%	22,107,241	[46]
17th Vidhan Sabha	2017	311		21.82%	18,923,689	[47]
18th Vidhan Sabha	2022	347		32.06%	29,543,934	[48]
Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
11th Vidhan Sabha	1998	228		1.58%	419,626	[49]
12th Vidhan Sabha	2003	161		3.71%	946,891	[50]
13th Vidhan Sabha	2008	187		1.90%	501,324	[51]
14th Vidhan Sabha	2013	161		1.2%	404,853	[52]
15th Vidhan Sabha	2018	52		1.3%	496,025	[53]
16th Vidhan Sabha	2023	71		0.46%	200,069
Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
9th Vidhan Sabha	1995	22		0.93%	356,731	[54]
10th Vidhan Sabha	1999	15		0.7%	227,640	[55]
11th Vidhan Sabha	2004	95		1.13%	471,425	[56]
12th Vidhan Sabha	2009	31		1.11%	337,378	[57]
13th Vidhan Sabha	2014	22		0.17%	92,304	[58]
14th Vidhan Sabha	2019	7		0.22%	123,267	[59]
15th Vidhan Sabha	2024	9		0.38%	246,350[60]

List of chief ministers

No.	Name	Term of office[61] [62]	Tenure length	Party	Assembly[63]	Ref
1	Mulayam Singh Yadav	4 December 1993	3 June 1995		Samajwadi Party	Twelfth Assembly (1993–95)	[64]
(1)	Mulayam Singh Yadav	29 August 2003	13 May 2007		Samajwadi Party	Fourteenth Assembly (2002–07)
2	Akhilesh Yadav	15 March 2012	19 March 2017		Samajwadi Party	Sixteenth Assembly (2012–17)	[65]

List of central ministers

No.	Photo	Portfolio	Name (Lifespan)	Assumed office	Left office	Duration	Constituency (House)
1		Minister of Defence	Mulayam Singh Yadav (19392022)	1 June 1996	21 April 1997		Mainpuri (Lok Sabha)	Deve Gowda
				21 April 1997	18 March 1998			I.K. Gujral
2		Minister of Communications ( until 10 July 1996)	Beni Prasad Verma (19412020)	29 June 1996	21 April 1997		Kaiserganj (Lok Sabha)	Deve Gowda
				21 April 1997	19 March 1998			I.K. Gujral
		Minister of Communications		1 June 1996	29 June 1996			Deve Gowda	rowspan="2"
		Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
3		Minister of Health and Family Welfare [{{abbr|MoS(I/C)|Minister of State (Independent Charge)}}''']	Saleem Iqbal Shervani (born 1953)	29 June 1996	21 April 1997		Badaun (Lok Sabha)	Deve Gowda
				21 April 1997	9 June 1997			I.K. Gujral
		Minister of Health and Family Welfare		1 June 1996	29 June 1996			Deve Gowda
		Minister of External Affairs		9 June 1997	19 March 1998			I.K. Gujral
4		Minister of Water Resource	Janeshwar Mishra (19332010)	29 June 1996	21 April 1997		Uttar Pradesh (Rajya Sabha)	Deve Gowda
				21 April 1997	9 June 1997			I.K. Gujral	rowspan="2"
		Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas		9 June 1997	19 March 1998

Prominent members

• Mulayam Singh Yadav, founder and former President of Samajwadi Party, former Defence minister of India and former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.^{[66] [67] [68]}
• Akhilesh Yadav, President of Samajwadi Party and former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.^{[69] [70]}
• Azam Khan, Member of Parliament, 9 time MLA, Member of Parliament Loksabha Rampur former cabinet minister of Uttar Pradesh and former Member of Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh.^{[71] [72]}
• Janeshwar Mishra, former cabinet minister, Government of India. Former Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha.
• Shivpal Singh Yadav, Former State President of Samajwadi Party, Member of Legislative Assembly from Jaswantnagar – 6th term, Former Cabinet Minister(UP Govt.), Former Leader of Opposition
• Beni Prasad Verma, former Union Cabinet Minister of India^[73]
• Awadhesh Prasad, General Secretary of Samajwadi Party, Former Cabinet Minister of Uttar Pradesh, founding member
• Anantram Jaiswal former Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha, Minister and Samajwadi Ideologist, Founding member
• Kiranmoy Nanda, Vice President of Samajwadi Party
• Naresh Uttam Patel, Former Uttar Pradesh State president of Samajwadi Party.^[74]
• Professor Ram Gopal Yadav, Party Leader in Rajya Sabha
• Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress and Rajya Sabha MP from Uttar Pradesh.^[75]
• Ram Govind Chaudhary, Leader of opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.^[76]
• Indrajit Saroj, National General Secretary, Deputy Leader of Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly^[77]
• Balram Yadav, 5 times elected as Member of Legislative Assembly from Atraulia Assembly constituency and 4 times as Member of Legislative Council, Former Cabinet Minister (UP Govt.), He is prominent leader in purvanchal(Eastern Uttar Pradesh).
• Sanjay Lathar, Leader of Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council.
• Dr. Sangram Yadav, 3 times Member of the Legislative Assembly (India) from Atraulia Assembly constituency and Whip/sachetak of Samajwadi party vidhan mandal dal.
• Abu Asim Azmi, Samajwadi Party Maharashtra state President, Member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and former Member of Rajya Sabha.
• Mohan Singh, former Member of Parliament Rajya Sabha
• Harendra Singh Malik, former MP Rajya Sabha, prominent Jat leader from Western Uttar Pradesh.
• Pankaj Kumar Malik, MLA from Charthawal Assembly Seat.
• Vishambhar Prasad Nishad, Samajwadi Party General Secretary, Rajya Sabha MP, former Member of Lok Sabha, and former Cabinet Minister of Uttar Pradesh.
• Balwant Singh Ramoowalia, Prominent Sikh leader and former cabinet minister of Uttar Pradesh.
• Anand Singh, leader, ex 5 time MP and MLA from Gonda district, and former Cabinet Minister of Agriculture from Uttar Pradesh Government, under Akhilesh Yadav from 2012 to 2014.

State leadership

• Abu Asim Azmi: Maharashtra
• Shyamlal Pal: Uttar Pradesh
• Dr.Manoj Yadav: Madhya Pradesh
• Satyanarayan Sachan: Uttarakhand
• Manjappa Yadav: Karnataka
• Devendra Upadhyaya: Gujarat
• Manas Bhattacharya: West Bengal
• Mukesh Yadav: Rajasthan
• Sukhvinder Singh: Punjab
• Dr Saji Pothen Thomas: Kerala
• B Jagadeesh Yadav: Andhra Pradesh
• Om Prakash Sahu:Chhattisgarh

See also

• List of political parties in India
• Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

Notes and References

1. Web site: SP chatra sabha declares 70 district unit presidents name. 17 March 2008. oneindia.com.
2. Web site: About Samajwadi Prahari. 10 March 2021. Samajwadi Prahari.
3. News: SP reinstates youth wings' office-bearers with a rider | Lucknow News — Times of India. The Times of India. 18 April 2013 .
4. News: SP appoints presidents of nine frontal organisations. Business Standard India. 2 July 2014. Business Standard. Press Trust of India.
5. Web site: List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013. Election Commission of India. 9 May 2013. India. 2013.
6. Encyclopedia: Samajwadi Party . 23 Sep 2024 . Encyclopædia Britannica . en.
7. Web site: Akhilesh writes to Modi invoking 'Cooperative Federalism'.
8. Web site: PARTY IDEOLOGY.
9. News: Government scared of Hindu-Muslim unity, says Akhilesh Yadav. The Times of India .
10. Web site: Parties & Organisations. Progressive Alliance. 2 June 2017.
11. Web site: Command performance: Can a party mouthpiece question its leaders?. 10 January 2016. Hindustan Times.
12. News: 29 September 2022 . Akhilesh Yadav elected Samajwadi Party President for third time . en-IN . The Hindu . 8 August 2023 . 0971-751X.
13. Web site: Akhilesh Yadav elected Samajwadi Party president for third time . Hindu Business Line. 29 September 2022 .
14. Web site: Akhilesh Yadav re-elected SP president as 2-day party convention concludes . Indian Express. 30 September 2022 .
15. News: Why Uttar Pradesh is India's battleground state. BBC News. 26 December 2011.
16. News: What the Samajwadi Party alliance needs to focus on now. The Wire. 15 March 2022.
17. News: Akhilesh missed majority by a margin of few lakh votes. Aaj Tak. 11 March 2022.
18. Book: India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation. Kochanek. Stanley A.. Hardgrave. Robert L.. 30 January 2007. Cengage Learning. 9780495007494. en.
19. Web site: Yadav . Shyamlal . 6 April 2023 . Uneasy allies, fierce foes: Saga of BSP-SP ties, from Kanshi Ram and Mulayam to Mayawati and Akhilesh . 8 April 2023 . The Indian Express . en.
20. Book: G. C. Malhotra . Anti-defection Law in India and the Commonwealth . 26 September 2023 . 570 . [Published for] Lok Sabha Secretariat [by] Metropolitan Book Company . 9788120004061 . Mulayan Singh Yadav, MLA, along with 22 other MLAs belonging to the Janata Party Legislature Party, in a letter addressed to the Speaker, intimated that there was a split in their original Party, in a letter addressed to the Speaker, intimated that there was a split in their original Party..
21. Web site: 22 January 2024 . Who are karsevaks, what do they do? . 2024-06-11 . Deccan Herald . en.
22. Web site: Assembly Elections May 2013 Results . Election Commission of India . 22 July 2013 . 15 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131215065208/http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm . dead .
23. News: Assembly Elections 2012 – The end of Mayayug in UP. IndiaVoice . 7 March 2012. 6 March 2012.
24. Web site: Thakur . Meenal . 5 October 2017 . Akhilesh Yadav re-elected Samajwadi Party national president for 5 years . 8 August 2023 . mint . en.
25. News: SP, RJD, LJP Front to kickstart UP campaign on Apr 9. https://archive.today/20130624172518/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-05/india/28011955_1_election-meeting-saifai-star-campaigner. live. 24 June 2013. 5 April 2009. The Times of India. 16 June 2013.
26. News: Anuraag Singh . 17 April 2014 . Vote for Samajwadi Party or press Nota: Mulayam . . 24 April 2014.
27. Web site: BJP wins 62 seats in Uttar Pradesh, SP-BSP alliance gets 15 . 8 August 2023 . India Today . 24 May 2019 . en.
28. Web site: Sixteenth LokSabha Party wise. loksabha.nic.in. LokSabha. https://web.archive.org/web/20151018225726/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/partywiselist.aspx. 18 October 2015. dead. 5 October 2013.
29. News: 26 July 2023 . Which are the 26 parties in the INDIA combine, the face of Opposition unity for the 2024 Lok Sabha polls? . en-IN . The Hindu . 8 August 2023 . 0971-751X.
30. Web site: 19 July 2023 . Group of 26 Oppn parties join hands under banner of 'INDIA' . 8 August 2023 . Hindustan Times . en.
31. Web site: Shivam . Kohli . What is INDIA, the new group formed by opposition parties . The Times of India . Times Of India . 18 July 2023 . 18 July 2023.
32. Web site: About Samajwadi Prahari Founder. 10 March 2021. Samajwadi Prahari.
33. Web site: About Samajwadi Prahari. 10 March 2021. Samajwadi Prahari.
34. Web site: IndiaVotes PC: Party-wise performance for 1996. 24 September 2021. IndiaVotes.
35. Web site: IndiaVotes PC: Party-wise performance for 1998. 24 September 2021. IndiaVotes.
36. Web site: IndiaVotes PC: Party-wise performance for 1999. 24 September 2021. IndiaVotes.
37. Web site: IndiaVotes PC: Party-wise performance for 2004. 24 September 2021. IndiaVotes.
38. Web site: IndiaVotes PC: Party-wise performance for 2009. 24 September 2021. IndiaVotes.
39. Web site: IndiaVotes PC: Party-wise performance for 2014. 24 September 2021. IndiaVotes.
40. Web site: IndiaVotes PC: Party-wise performance for 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20210520150835/https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/party_list/0/17. dead. 20 May 2021. 24 September 2021. IndiaVotes.
41. Web site: 2024-06-05 . General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240605053823/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/index.htm . 2024-06-05 . 2024-06-05 . Election Commission of India.
42. Web site: https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1993/uttar-pradesh%20[1947%20-%201999/108/8 1993 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results Uttar Pradesh]. 24 August 2022. IndiaVotes.
43. Web site: https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1996/uttar-pradesh%20[1947%20-%201999/128/8 1996 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results Uttar Pradesh]. 24 August 2022. IndiaVotes.
44. Web site: https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2002/uttar-pradesh%20[2000%20onwards/163/60 2002 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results Uttar Pradesh]. 24 August 2022. IndiaVotes.
45. Web site: https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2007/uttar-pradesh%20[2000%20onwards/191/60 2007 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results Uttar Pradesh]. 24 August 2022. IndiaVotes.
46. Web site: https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2012/uttar-pradesh%20[2000%20onwards/220/60 2012 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results Uttar Pradesh]. 24 August 2022. IndiaVotes.
47. Web site: https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2017/uttar-pradesh%20[2000%20onwards/255/60 2017 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results Uttar Pradesh]. 24 August 2022. IndiaVotes.
48. Web site: https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2022/uttar-pradesh%20[2000%20onwards/289/60 2022 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results Uttar Pradesh]. 24 August 2022. IndiaVotes.
49. Web site: https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1998/madhya-pradesh%20[1947%20-%201999/136/4 AC: Party-wise performance for 1998]. 15 September 2023. IndiaVotes.
50. Web site: AC: Party-wise performance for 2003. 15 September 2023. IndiaVotes.
51. Web site: AC: Party-wise performance for 2008. 15 September 2023. IndiaVotes.
52. Web site: AC: Party-wise performance for 2013. 15 September 2023. IndiaVotes.
53. Web site: AC: Party-wise performance for 2018. 15 September 2023. IndiaVotes.
54. Web site: AC: Party-wise performance for 1995. 15 September 2023. IndiaVotes.
55. Web site: AC: Party-wise performance for 1999. 15 September 2023. IndiaVotes.
56. Web site: AC: Party-wise performance for 2004. 15 September 2023. IndiaVotes.
57. Web site: AC: Party-wise performance for 2009. 15 September 2023. IndiaVotes.
58. Web site: AC: Party-wise performance for 2014. 15 September 2023. IndiaVotes.
59. Web site: AC: Party-wise performance for 2019. 15 September 2023. IndiaVotes.
60. Web site:
61. https://web.archive.org/web/20130812234844/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/CHIEF%20MINISTERS.HTM Chief Ministers
62. https://web.archive.org/web/20130812231236/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/PRESIDENT%20RULE.htm President's rule
63. http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/CONSTITUTION%20%20&%20DISSOLUTION.htm Date of Constitution & Dissolution of Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha
64. "Statistical Report on General Election, 2002, to the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh" [pdf]. Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 28 July 2013.
65. "Statistical Report on General Election, 2012, to the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh" [pdf]. Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 28 July 2013.
66. Web site: About The Party Samajwadi Party. 24 September 2021. www.samajwadiparty.in.
67. Web site: Ministry of Defence. 24 September 2021. www.mod.gov.in.
68. http://up.gov.in/upexcms.aspx Former Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh
69. Web site: Akhilesh Yadav Re-Elected As Samajwadi Party National President For Five Years. 24 September 2021. www.outlookindia.com. 5 October 2017 . en.
70. Web site: 11 March 2017. UP elections: Chief minister Akhilesh Yadav resigns. 24 September 2021. Hindustan Times. en.
71. 18 March 2012 . Azam Khan takes oath as Cabinet minister in Uttar Pradesh. 24 September 2021. India Today. en.
72. 24 May 2019 . Election Results 2019: Azam Khan wins big from Rampur against Jaya Prada. 24 September 2021. India Today. en.
73. News: 27 March 2020 . SP founding member Beni Prasad Verma dies . The Economic Times . 4 July 2023 . 0013-0389.
74. Web site: 2 January 2017. Akhilesh appoints Mulayam's old loyalist Naresh as president of SP state unit. 24 September 2021. Hindustan Times. en.
75. Web site: Rajya Sabha Elections: Samajwadi Party's Jaya Bachchan wins from Uttar Pradesh. 23 March 2018. 29 October 2020.
76. Web site: Akhilesh Yadav chooses loyalist Ram Govind Chaudhary as new Leader of Opposition. 28 March 2017. 29 October 2020.
77. Web site: मिश्रा . अविनीश . 1 February 2023 . स्वामी, राजभर और सरोज... 'कौशांबी मॉडल' से बीजेपी को फिर मात देंगे अखिलेश? . 24 February 2023 . www.abplive.com . hi.