Saint Andrews Parish, New Brunswick Explained

Saint Andrews Parish is a geographic parish in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, located east of St. Stephen.

For governance purposes, the entire parish is part of the town of Saint Andrews,^[2] which is a member of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission.^[3]

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, it comprised the town of Saint Andrews, which included Navy Island, and the Chamcook local service district,^[4] which included Ministers Island and the mainland north of the town. The LSD assessed for fire, police, zoning, emergency measures and animal control services.^[5] The taxing authority was 513.00 Chamcook. Both the town and the LSD are members of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission (SNBSC).

For census purposes, Statistics Canada divides the area into Saint Andrews, Parish, and Saint Andrews, Town.^[1]

Origin of name

Historian William F. Ganong notes the use of St. Andrews Point in the Owen Journal of 1770 but considered the name to date back to French times.^[6]

Five of the original six mainland parishes of Charlotte County used names of major saints recognised by the Church of England: Andrew (Scotland), David (Wales), George (England), Patrick (Ireland), and Stephen.

History

Saint Andrews Parish was erected in 1786 as one of the county's original parishes,^[7] including most of Saint Croix Parish and parts of Saint David and Saint Patrick Parishes.

The local service district of the parish of Saint Andrews comprised all of the parish outside Saint Andrews. It was established in 1970 to assess for fire protection.^[8] First aid and ambulance services were added in 1975.^[9] It was replaced by Chamcook in 1997.^[10]

Boundaries

Saint Andrews Parish is bounded:^{[11] [12]}

• on the north and northeast by a line beginning on the eastern side of Little Chamcook Lake, then running easterly along the northern line of a grant to Amos White to a point about 100 metres east of Mitchell Brook, then east-southeasterly about 500 metres to meet the eastern line of the White grant, then southeasterly along the White grant and the Glebe lot to Birch Cove;
• on the east by Birch Cove, Big Bay, and Passamaquoddy Bay;
• on the south by Passamaquoddy Bay;
• on the west by the St. Croix River and a line running northeasterly along the northern line of the main grant of St. Andrews to near Edwards Corner, then northwesterly about 2.5 kilometres along the rear line of grants on the St. Croix River, then northeasterly to the shore of Chamcook Lake, then counterclockwise along the shore of Chamcook Lake to the mouth of the creek, then northerly along the creek and Little Chamcook Lake to the starting point;
• including Ministers Island and Navy Island.

Evolution of boundaries

Saint Andrews' original eastern boundary ran straight from the original southeastern corner of the Cape Association grant that makes up the northern part of Saint David Parish to join its modern northeastern boundary near the head of Mitchell Brook, cutting through the southwestern corner of Saint Patrick Parish and leaving the northeastern part of Saint Croix Parish as part of Saint Patrick. Five grants north of the junction of Board Road and Route 760 that are now part of Saint David Parish were also part of Saint Andrews.

In 1874 the northern part of Saint Andrews was erected as Saint Croix, taking all parts of the parish now in Saint Croix, Saint David, and Saint Patrick as well as a bit of territory north of Wileys Corner and land between the railway and the Chamcook Lakes.^[13]

In 1958 the modern boundary with Saint Croix was established, transferring everything between the railway and the Chamcook Lakes to Saint Andrews, as well as territory north of Wileys Corner.^[14]

Communities

Communities at least partly within the parish.^[15] bold indicates an incorporated municipality; italics indicates a name no longer in official use

• Bar Road
• Chamcook (St. Andrews North)
• Chamcook Lake
• Dougherty
• Edwards Corner
• Saint Andrews

Bodies of water

Bodies of water^[16] at least partly within the parish.

• St. Croix River
• Pottery Creek
• Passamaquoddy Bay
• St. Andrews Harbour
• Big Bay (on boundary)
• Chamcook Harbour
• Chamcook Channel
• Western Channel
• Chamcook Lake (boundary)
• Kerrs Lake
• Little Chamcook Lake (boundary)

Islands

Islands at least partly within the parish. italics indicates a name no longer in official use

• Ministers Island
• Navy Island (St. Andrews Island)

Other notable places

Parks, historic sites, and other noteworthy places at least partly within the parish.^{[17] [18]}

• Charlotte County Court House
• Charlotte County Gaol
• Charlotte County Registry Office
• Dunn McQuoid House
• Gladstone Smith House
• Hansen House
• Ministers Island Provincial Park
• Minister's Island Wildlife Management Area^[19]
• Pagan Point
• St. Andrews Blockhouse National Historic Site
• Sheriff Andrews House Provincial Park

Demographics

Population total does not include the town of Saint Andrews

Language

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Saint Andrews Parish, New Brunswick
Census		Total
Year		Responses		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %
				555	1.8%	94.07%		25	20.0%	4.24%		0	0.0%	0.00%		10	50.0%	1.69%
				545	3.7%	0.00%		20	0.0%	0.00%		0	0.0%	0.00%		20	n/a%	0.00%
				525	12.4%	96.33%		20	n/a%	3.67%		0	0.0%	0.00%		0	100.0%	0.00%
				450	n/a	97.83%		0	n/a	0.00%		0	n/a	0.00%		10	n/a	2.17%

Access Routes

Highways and numbered routes that run through the parish, including external routes that start or finish at the parish limits:^[20]

• Highways
  • None

• Principal Routes

• Secondary Routes:
  • None

• External Routes:
  • None

See also

• List of parishes in New Brunswick

References

45.132°N -67.0693°W

Notes and References

1. Web site: Census Profile . Statistics Canada . 30 October 2022 . 26 October 2022.
2. Web site: Southwest Regional Service Commission: RSC 10 . Government of New Brunswick . 5 June 2023.
3. Web site: Regions Regulation – Regional Service Delivery Act . Government of New Brunswick . 5 June 2023 . 21 July 2022.
4. Web site: New Brunswick Regulation 84-168 under the Municipalities Act (O.C. 84-582) . Government of New Brunswick . 6 February 2021.
5. Web site: 2020 Local Government Statistics for New Brunswick . Department of Environment and Local Government . 55 . 6 February 2021.
6. Book: Ganong . William F. . A Monograph of the Place-Nomenclature of the Province of New Brunswick . 1896 . Royal Society of Canada . 266–267 . 17 March 2021.
7. Book: Acts of the General Assembly of His Majesty's Province of New-Brunswick, passed in the year 1786.. 20 March 2021. 1786. Government of New Brunswick. Saint John, New Brunswick. 3–12. 26 Geo. III Chapter I. An Act for the better ascertaining and confirming the Boundaries of the several Counties within this Province, and for subdividing them into Towns or Parishes..
8. Regulation 70–63 under the Municipalities Act (O. C. 70–385) . The Royal Gazette . Fredericton . 17 June 1970 . 128 . 343–344.
9. Regulation 75–4 under the Municipalities Act (O. C. 75–33) . The Royal Gazette . Fredericton . 29 January 1975 . 133 . 80.
10. New Brunswick Regulation 97-94.
11. Web site: No. 161 . Provincial Archives of New Brunswick . Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development . 3 July 2021. Remainder of parish on map 166 at same site.
12. Web site: 489 . Transportation and Infrastructure . Government of New Brunswick . 3 July 2021. Remainder of parish on mapbook 496 at same site.
13. Book: Acts of the General Assembly of Her Majesty's Province of New Brunswick. Passed in the Months of March & April 1874.. 1874. Government of New Brunswick. Fredericton. 109–111. 37 Vic. c. 37 An Act to establish a new Parish in the County of Charlotte.. Available as a free ebook from Google Books.
14. Book: Acts of the Legislature of New Brunswick Passed During the Session of 1958. 1958. Government of New Brunswick. Fredericton. 117–119. 7 Elizabeth II, 1958, c. 56 An Act to Amend the Territorial Division Act.
15. Web site: Search the Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB) . Government of Canada . 4 July 2021.
16. Not including brooks, ponds or coves.
17. New Brunswick Regulation 2017-46 under the Parks Act (O.C. 2017-293) . The Royal Gazette . 13 December 2017 . 175 . 1496–1497 . 5 July 2021 . . . 1714-9428.
18. Web site: Explore New Brunswick's Protected Natural Areas . GeoNB . 4 July 2021.
19. Web site: New Brunswick Regulation 94-43 under the Fish and Wildlife Act (O.C. 94-231) . Government of New Brunswick . 8 July 2021 . 5 June 2006.
20. Atlantic Canada Back Road Atlas Pages 4, 12