SN H0pe explained

SN H0pe (pronounced: Supernova Hope) is a Type Ia supernova discovered in 2023, at a redshift of z=1.78.^{[2] [3] [4]} It is a supernova discovered in a gravitationally lensed subject system, being itself a triply lensed object. Its name, H0pe, comes from its proposed utility in determination of the Hubble Constant (H₀) that would allow determination of H0 in the distant universe and compare it with local determinations; and hopefully resolve Hubble tension, the difference in such determinations with local Type Ia supernovae and those based on the very distant Cosmic Microwave Background. The supernova exploded when the universe was 3.5 billion years old, rather than at today's date of 13.8 billion years old. The supernova progenitor was a white dwarf star, the progenitor of all Type Ia supernovae. The gravitational lens is galaxy cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0 (at a redshift of z=0.35), which lensed the supernova and its host galaxy.^{[5] [6]}

The determination for the Hubble Constant (H₀) using this Type Ia supernova was 75.4 kilometers per second per megaparsec. This greatly agrees with the determination of H₀ with local Type Ia supernova of 73 kilometers per second per megaparsec. And this is at variance with the determination from the Cosmic Microwave Background and baryon acoustic oscillations, of 67 kilometers per second per megaparsec. Thus not resolving the Hubble tension, but instead reinforcing the difference. This determination of H₀ from a multiply-lensed Type Ia supernova represents the first such precision measurement.^{[7] [8] [9]}

The supernova is located in the galaxy PLCK G165.7+67.0 Arc 1 (Arc 1 for short) located at redshift z=1.78, behind the lensing cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0 (G165 for short) located at redshift z=0.35, and is triply imaged, each image called Arc 1a, Arc 1b, Arc 1c. This galaxy is part of a compact group of galaxies, of 6 members, 4 of which surround the host galaxy. This group 6 of galaxies is part of 11 galaxies that are imaged by the lens, each referred to as Arc 1, Arc 2, etc. The host galaxy is the dominant galaxy in its compact group. The lens system is located in the constellation of Ursa Major.^{[4] [10]}

External links

• NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED): PLCK G165.7+67.0
• SIMBAD: (CNL2018) PLCK G165.7+67.0 lens -- Cluster of Galaxies

Notes and References

1. Web site: NAME SN H0pe -- SuperNova . SIMBAD . 10 October 2024 .
2. Web site: New Type I supernova discovered with JWST . Tomasz Nowakowski . 21 September 2023 . Phys.org .
3. 2306.12385 . 10.1051/0004-6361/202346964 . Spectroscopy of the supernova H0pe host galaxy at redshift 1.78 . July 2023 . Polletta . M. . Nonino . M. . Frye . B. . Gargiulo . A. . Bisogni . S. . Garuda . N. . Thompson . D. . Lehnert . M. . Pascale . M. . Willner . S. P. . Kamieneski . P. . Leimbach . R. . Cheng . C. . Coe . D. . Cohen . S. H. . Conselice . C. J. . Dai . L. . Diego . J. . Dole . H. . Driver . S. P. . d'Silva . J. C. J. . Fontana . A. . Foo . N. . Furtak . L. J. . Grogin . N. A. . Harrington . K. . Hathi . N. P. . Jansen . R. A. . Kelly . P. . Koekemoer . A. M. . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 675 . L4 . 2023A&A...675L...4P . 259212330 . 3 .
4. The JWST Discovery of the Triply Imaged Type Ia "Supernova H0pe" and Observations of the Galaxy Cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0 . The Astrophysics Journal . 961 . 2 . 24 January 2024 . 13 September 2023 . American Astronomical Society . 10.3847/1538-4357/ad1034 . 2309.07326 . 2024ApJ...961..171F . Brenda L. Frye . Massimo Pascale . Justin Pierel . Wenlei Chen . Nicholas Foo . Reagen Leimbach . Nikhil Garuda . Seth Cohen . Patrick Kamieneski . Rogier Windhorst . Anton M. Koekemoer . Pat Kelly . Jake Summers . Michael Engesser . Daizhong Liu . Lukas Furtak . Maria Polletta . Kevin Harrington . Steve Willner . Jose M. Diego . Rolf Jansen . Dan Coe . Christopher J. Conselice . Liang Dai . Herve Dole . Jordan C. J. D'Silva . Simon Driver . Norman Grogin . Madeline A. Marshall . Ashish Meena . Mario Nonino . Rafael Ortiz III . Nor Pirzkal . Aaron Robotham . Russell E. Ryan . Lou Strolger . Scott Tompkins . James Trussler . Christopher Willmer . Haojing Yan . Min S. Yun . Adi Zitrin . 171 . free . 3 .
5. News: James Webb Space Telescope finds supernova 'Hope' that could finally resolve major astronomy debate . Robert Lea . 3 October 2024 . MSN . AA1rFBLB .
6. News: Ancient supernova in James Webb telescope image could help solve one of the universe's biggest mysteries . Harry Baker . 26 September 2024 . Live Science .
7. News: Gravity Magnified a Supernova, Adding a Twist to The Hubble Tension . Michelle Starr . 4 October 2024 . Science Alert .
8. News: 10 Billion Years Ago, a Star Exploded. It Could Save Cosmology. . Michelle Starr . 29 September 2023 . Science Alert .
9. SN H0pe: The First Measurement of H0 from a Multiply-Imaged Type Ia Supernova, Discovered by JWST . March 2024 . 2024arXiv240318902P . 2403.18902 . ApJ . Massimo Pascale . Brenda L. Frye . Justin D.R. Pierel . Wenlei Chen . Patrick L. Kelly . Seth H. Cohen . Rogier A. Windhorst . Adam G. Riess . Patrick S. Kamieneski . Jose M. Diego . Ashish K. Meena . Sangjun Cha . Masamune Oguri . Adi Zitrin . M. James Jee . Nicholas Foo . Reagen Leimbach . Anton M. Koekemoer . C. J. Conselice . Liang Dai . Ariel Goobar . Matthew R. Siebert . Lou Strolger . S. P. Willner . 3 .
10. Web site: Galaxy cluster PLCK G165.7+67.0 and SN H0pe Inset (NIRCam) . 1 October 2024 . Webb Telescope .