| Official Name: | Rowangchhari |
| Native Name: | রোয়াংছড়ি |
| Settlement Type: | Upazila |
| Coordinates: | 22°N 92°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Bangladesh |
| Subdivision Type1: | Division |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name1: | Chittagong |
| Subdivision Name2: | Bandarban |
| Leader Title: | Upazila Chairman |
| Leader Name: | Chohaimong Marma |
| Leader Title1: | MP (Bandarban) |
| Leader Name1: | Ushwe Sing |
| Area Total Km2: | 442.88 |
| Population Total: | 27721 |
| Population As Of: | 2022 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 4610[2] |
| Timezone: | BST |
| Utc Offset: | +6 |
Rowangchhari (bn|রোয়াংছড়ি) is an upazila (sub-district) of Bandarban District in southeastern Bangladesh, part of the Chittagong Division.[3]
In the 16th century, the Marma people emigrated here from the Kingdom of Mrauk U in Arakan. Where the Rakhaing stream (known as a chhara in Bengali) meets the Tarachha canal, the Marmas established a settlement known as Rakhaing Wah, meaning the "Rakhaing river mouth". Bengalis from the nearby Chittagong District later arrived in the area for trade and commercial purposes. Over time, Rakhaing Wah grew into a haat bazaar and became known to Bengalis as Rowangchhari (Rowang is the Chittagonian word for Arakan and chhari refers to a small stream).[4]
During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, a brawl took place in Nowapatang Union leading to the death of T. N. Ali, a Bengali freedom fighter. Shamsul Islam ibn Amir Hamzah of Main Road and Dr S. A. Mahiuddin ibn Muhammad Abdur Rashid of Rowangchhari Bazar also fought in the war. There are also seven other individuals from Rowangchhari not mentioned in the official gazette that are said to have taken part. These are: Tarachha's Muhammad Ibrahim ibn Jalal Ahmad, Foraq Ahmad ibn Kala Mia, Qazi Muhammad Thanaullah ibn Qazi Ahmad Safa, Liaqat Ali ibn Faiz Ahmad and Muhammad Abdul Wadud ibn Siraj Ahmad, Rowangchhari Bazar's Abul Hasan Mir ibn Habibullah Mir, Abdul Aziz Chowdhury ibn Ashab Mia Chowdhury and Ejahan Mia ibn Dudu Mia.[5]
In 1976, Rowangchhari was established as a thana. Its status was upgraded to upazila (sub-district) in 1983 as part of the President of Bangladesh Hussain Muhammad Ershad's decentralisation programme.[4]
Rowangchhari is located at 22.1667°N 92.3333°W. It has a total area of 442.88 km2.
As of the 2022 Bangladeshi census, Rowangchhari upazila had a population of 27,721. The ethnic population was 24,808 (89.49%), of which Marma were 13,716,Tanchangya 3,990, Tripura 2,143, Bom 1,882 and Mru 1,685.
Rowangchhari is an ethnically diverse sub-district of Bangladesh. It is home to the Marma people who speak Arakanese, the Bawm who speak Bawm, the Tanchangya who speak Tanchangya, the Mru who speak Mru, the Khumi who speak Khumi Chin, the Khyang who speak Shö and the Bengalis who speak the Chittagonian dialect of Bengali.[6]
Rowangchhari Upazila is divided into four union parishads: Alikhong, Nowapatang, Rowangchhari, and Tarachha. The union parishads are subdivided into 13 mauzas and 178 villages.[7]
| Kya Shai Aung | 25/5/1985 | |
| Hla Thowai Hri Marma | 23/2/2009-16/4/2014 | |
| Kyaba Maung Marma | 17/4/2014 | |
| Mausang Marma | 30/3/2017-24/4/2019 | Panel chairman, first female |
| Chohaimong Marma | 9/5/2019-present |
There are 43 churches, 41 Buddhist temples, 5 Hindu temples and 12 mosques in Rowangchhari. There are two madrasas in Rowangchhari; the North Chhaingya Nurani Madrasa and the West Chhaingya Nurani Madrasa. The mosques are:[8]