| Robert Barbour | |
| Order: | 30th & 49th |
| Office: | Mayor of Hawthorn |
| Term Start: | 1894 |
| Term End: | 1895 |
| Term Start1: | 1913 |
| Term End1: | 1914 |
| Predecessor: | Percy Joseph Russell |
| Successor: | James Riddell |
| Predecessor1: | John V. M. Wood |
| Successor1: | Edward Rigby |
| Term Start2: | 1 November 1900 |
| Term End2: | 1 September 1902 |
| Predecessor2: | Robert Murray Smith |
| Successor2: | George Swinburne |
| Birth Date: | 4 March 1845 |
| Birth Place: | Glasgow, Scotland |
| Death Place: | Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia |
Robert Thomson Barbour (4 March 1845 - 29 November 1914) was an Australian politician.
Born in Glasgow to stonemason John Humphrey Barbour and Sarah Thomson, he arrived in Victoria in 1856 and became a clerk with the Public Works Department. He eventually became a quantity surveyor and a member of the Melbourne Tramways Trust, as well as a Hawthorn City Councillor (1891 - 1914, mayor 1894 - 95, 1913 - 14). On 4 March 1872 he married Agnes Crocket, with whom he had six children. In 1900 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for Hawthorn, serving until his defeat in 1902. Barbour died at Hawthorn in 1914.[1]