| Randolph Bryant | |
| Office: | Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas |
| Term Start: | January 24, 1931 |
| Term End: | April 24, 1951 |
| Appointer: | Herbert Hoover |
| Predecessor: | William Lee Estes |
| Successor: | Joseph Warren Sheehy |
| Birth Name: | Randolph Bryant |
| Birth Date: | 2 May 1893 |
| Birth Place: | Sherman, Texas |
| Education: | University of Texas, Austin (BA, LLB) |
Randolph Bryant (May 2, 1893 – April 24, 1951) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas.
Born in Sherman, Texas, Bryant received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 1913 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Texas School of Law in 1916. He was a Captain in the United States Army during World War I from 1917 to 1919. He entered private practice in Sherman from 1919 to 1921 and was thereafter the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Texas from 1921 to 1931.
On December 3, 1930, Bryant was nominated by President Herbert Hoover to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas vacated by Judge William Lee Estes. Bryant was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 13, 1931, and received his commission on January 24, 1931. He served in that capacity until his death on April 24, 1951.