| RAF Henley-on-Thames | |
| Ensign: | Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg |
| Ensign Size: | 90px |
| Location: | Henley-on-Thames, Berkshire |
| Country: | England |
| Type: | Royal Air Force relief landing ground |
| Pushpin Map: | Berkshire#UK |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Shown within Berkshire |
| Pushpin Label: | RAF Henley-on-Thames |
| Ownership: | Air Ministry |
| Operator: | Royal Air Force |
| Controlledby: | RAF Flying Training Command |
| Used: | 1940 - |
| Battles: | European theatre of World War II |
| R1-Number: | 00/00 |
| R1-Surface: | Grass |
| R2-Number: | 00/00 |
| R2-Surface: | Grass |
Royal Air Force Henley-on-Thames or more simply RAF Henley-on-Thames is a former Royal Air Force relief landing ground in Henley-on-Thames, Berkshire, England. It was also known by a variety of other names: Cockpole Green, Upper Culham Farm, Crazies Hill, or Crazies Hill Farm.[1]
The site was used to assemble and test Supermarine Spitfires (produced locally by dispersed manufacturers in the Reading area), and as a Relief Landing Ground for RAF White Waltham and RAF Woodley. It was built in late 1939 and closed in October 1945.[2] On 18 August 1944 No. 529 Squadron RAF moved to RAF Henley-on-Thames from RAF Halton in Buckinghamshire. This squadron was initially equipped with autogyros but during April 1945 they took delivery of the new American Sikorsky R-4 helicopter (known as the 'Hoverfly I' in British service), RAF Henley-on-Thames becoming the first RAF air base to host an operational helicopter squadron.
The following units were also here at some point:[1]
As well as agricultural land, there is now a business park at the Upper Culham Farm site, off Culham Lane. There is currently little to indicate on satellite imagery that an airfield once existed here as the runways were grass. The only extant building from the aerodrome is a round defensive pillbox (F.C. Type, Mushroom Type or Oakington Type) in the middle of a field close to Ashley Hill Place, at coordinates 51.5293384 N 0.8524861 W.