| Colchagua Province | |
| Native Name: | Provincia de Colchagua |
| Native Name Lang: | es |
| Settlement Type: | Province |
| Mapsize: | 175px |
| Map Alt: | Location in the Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region |
| Pushpin Map: | Chile |
| Pushpin Map Alt: | Location in Chile |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 175 |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Chile |
| Coordinates: | -34.6833°N -80°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Chile |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | O'Higgins |
| Parts Type: | Communes |
| Parts Style: | coll |
| Parts: | List of 10: |
| P1: | Chépica |
| P2: | Chimbarongo |
| P3: | Lolol |
| P4: | Nancagua |
| P5: | Palmilla |
| P6: | Peralillo |
| P7: | Placilla |
| P8: | Pumanque |
| P9: | San Fernando |
| P10: | Santa Cruz |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | San Fernando |
| Government Type: | Provincial |
| Leader Party: | Social Green Regionalist Front |
| Leader Title: | Presidential Provincial Delegate |
| Leader Name: | Marta Pizarro Inzunza |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Area Total Km2: | 5678.0 |
| Area Rank: | 2 |
| Population Total: | 210528 |
| Population As Of: | 2012 Census |
| Population Rank: | 2 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Urban |
| Population Blank1: | 115,043 |
| Population Blank2 Title: | Rural |
| Population Blank2: | 81,523 |
| Demographics Type1: | Sex |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Men |
| Demographics1 Info1: | 98,982 |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Women |
| Demographics1 Info2: | 97,584 |
| Timezone: | CLT[2] |
| Utc Offset: | -4 |
| Timezone Dst: | CLST[3] |
| Utc Offset Dst: | -3 |
| Area Code: | 56 + 72 |
| Website: | Government of Colchagua |
Colchagua Province (es|Provincia de Colchagua) is one of three provinces of the central Chilean region of O'Higgins (VI). Its capital is San Fernando. It is bordered on the north by Cachapoal Province, on the east by the Argentine Republic, on the south by Curicó Province, and on the west by Cardenal Caro Province.
The area of Colchagua is officially estimated at 5678sqkm with a population (2002 census) at 196,566. Extending across the central valley of Chile, the province has a considerable area devoted to traditional agriculture and wine-growing. Its principal rivers are the Rapel River and its tributary, the Tinguiririca. The principal towns are San Fernando, the provincial capital,[4] Santa Cruz, Chimbarongo, Nancagua and Palmilla. San Fernando is one of the several towns founded in 1742 by the governor-general José Antonio Manso de Velasco,[4] and it had a population of 64,000 in 2002.
As a province, Colchagua is a second-level administrative division of Chile, governed by a provincial delegate who is appointed by the president.
The province comprises ten communes, each governed by a municipality consisting of an alcalde and municipal council.
The state central railway (EFE) from Santiago to the south crosses the province and has a regular stop in San Fernando. It used to have a branch running from San Fernando via Palmilla to Pichilemu on the coast. This is now closed, although one section of it has recently opened a limited service aimed at the tourist trade. The more local Metrotrén service runs between Santiago and San Fernando stopping at most of the towns in between. There are frequent trains between these two points. The Pan-American Highway runs through the San Fernando commune, passing close to the east side of the town.