Presidential Guard (Zimbabwe) Explained

The Presidential Guard (PG) of the Zimbabwe National Army is an elite unit responsible for protecting the President of Zimbabwe. It is one of eight brigade-sized formations and two district commands in the ZNA.^[3] The members of the unit, some of which are from neighboring states such as Angola,^[4] provide presidential protection and also perform ceremonial duties in the national capital.

History

The Presidential Guard was created by Robert Mugabe in November 1983 following two attempts on his life during the election campaign.^{[5] [6]} In early 2014, ZNA ordered the PG to look for alternative accommodation from Dzivarasekwa in an attempt to reduce the number of army personnel at its barracks and the costs of maintaining its facilities.^[7]

Colour Sergeant Stanley Mugunzva of the PG, who was assigned to Vice-President Constantino Chiwenga, was one of two killed in the 2018 Bulawayo bombing, which was an attempt on President Emmerson Mnangagwa's life.^[8]

Members of PG escorted the coffin of former President Mugabe upon its arrival in Harare International Airport following his death in Singapore in the latter half of the summer of 2019.^{[9] [10]}

2017 Coup

During the 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état, President Mugabe ordered tanks to surround the Presidential Guard barracks across the capital. As a result, then Brigadier General Anselem Nhamo Sanyatwe secretly renounced his allegiance to Mugabe and replaced loyal troops with substitutes handpicked by Sanyatwe.

Unaware of this shift, Mugabe left his headquarters en route to his residence, during which his convoy was attacked by two army trucks carrying fifteen armed members of the PG, with their faces concealed by black masks. Those same soldiers disarmed the Central Intelligence Organisation agents with Mugabe at the time and put them under arrest.^[11]

Sanyatwe retired in February 2019 and was appointed as the ambassador to Tanzania.^{[12] [13] [14]}

Structure

The brigade is organized into the following units located in Harare:

• 1 Presidential Guard Battalion - based at the State House (nicknamed the State House Battalion)
• 2 Presidential Guard Battalion - based at Dzivarasekwa Barracks

The brigade headquarters is based currently at Dzivarasekwa Barracks in Harare and is led by Brigadier General Fidelis Mhonda.

Duties

In its current role, it serves as a Household Division-like service for the President of Zimbabwe. It is primarily responsible for guarding the area around State House, which is the presidential residence.^{[15] [16]}

It also mounts the guard of honour on behalf of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces during events of state. Events where the guard of honour provided by the PG includes Defence Forces Day festivities, Heroes` Day, the Independence Day Parade, and the Opening of Parliament.^[17] More recently, it mounted the guard of honour during the Inauguration of Emmerson Mnangagwa.

Some of the state arrival ceremonies during state visits the PG has provided guards of honour for have included those for Chinese President Xi Jinping and Tanzanian President John Magufuli.

Characteristics

Uniform

The unit wear their yellow berets to tell them apart from the rest of the Zimbabwean military.^{[18] [19]} The mounted element of the unit parades in Pith helmet as headgear.^{[20] [21] [22] [23]}

Flag

The flag of the Presidential Guard of Zimbabwe consists of a beige background, with three equal horizontal stripes of red, green and red, and the centre having a shield which contains a white wreath beneath a bird, over which are two brown rifles in saltire.^[24]

Controversies

• Lieutenant Colonel Samson Murombo, the commander of 1 Presidential Guard Battalion, was sidelined from commanding the Defence Forces Day Parade as a result of a fallout with First Lady Auxillia Mnangagwa. In leaked audio, Mnangagwa accused Murombo of spying on her amid tensions between her husband and sections of the military. She also challenged him to a physical showdown and later broke down pleading for him to spare her life.^[25] Murombo would later be dismissed from his position in January 2020.^[26]
• There were reports of Presidential Guards participating in the violence that resulted from the 2018 Zimbabwean general election. This came despite reported presidential orders for military personnel to not be on the streets during this period.^[27] A year after the shootings, the United States Department of State publicly sanctioned Major General (Retired) Anselem Nhamo Sanyatwe and his spouse.^{[28] [29] [30]}
• A Presidential Guard, identified as "Private Mugadu", fired 30 shots into the air at the presidential residence before being apprehended as he was about to reload his gun.^[31] This incident resulted in the suspension of Lieutenant Colonel Murombo from his post.^[32]
• A member of the Presidential Guard was accused of stealing 119 laptops and three desktop computers belonging to former President Robert Mugabe. The soldier was cleared on the unlawful entry charge, and was fined 200 dollars for possessing stolen property.^[33]
• In 2017, a group of guardsmen allegedly convinced a gang of armed robbers, who broke into a businessman's residence, to surrender $91,000 USD under the guise of Operation Restore Legacy.^[34]
• Three high-ranking members of the PG as well as former ZBC anchor Musorowegomo Mukosi allegedly assaulted 15 villagers and forcefully tried to take the Chin gold mine in Mount Darwin. All four were later granted a bail of 500 dollars each.^{[35] [36]}

See also

• National Ceremonial Guard
• Rhodesian African Rifles

Notes and References

1. Web site: Africa Confidential. March 25, 2004. Miramoor Publications Limited. Google Books.
2. Web site: Sanyatwe finally leaves Presidential Guard. May 29, 2019. NewsDay Zimbabwe.
3. ‘Thousands Mark ZDF Anniversary’, The Herald (Harare), 10 August 2016.
4. Book: Zimbabwe since the Unity Government. Stephen. Chan. Ranka. Primorac. September 13, 2013. Routledge. 9781135742683. Google Books.
5. Book: Stapleton, Timothy J.. A Military History of Africa [3 volumes]]. October 21, 2013. ABC-CLIO. 9780313395703. Google Books.
6. News: Presidential Guard Marks 28th Anniversary . 24 April 2023 . allAfrica . The Herald . 8 November 2011.
7. Web site: Soldiers ordered out of barracks. February 7, 2014.
8. News: Blast at Zimbabwe political rally called assassination attempt on president. NBC News. 2018-06-25. en-US.
9. Web site: Mugabe's body arrives in Zimbabwe for burial. www.irishtimes.com.
10. Web site: Pomp, thin crowds and mixed feelings as Robert Mugabe is buried | Zimbabwe | The Guardian. amp.theguardian.com.
11. Web site: Zimbabwe: Enter the Crocodile. March 22, 2018. Pulitzer Center.
12. Web site: Mnangagwa retires top military men while vice-president is out of country. TimesLIVE.
13. Web site: Sanyatwe finally leaves Presidential Guard - Zimbabwe Situation. 29 May 2019.
14. Web site: Former Head Of Presidential Guard Anselem Sanyatwe Deployed As Ambassador. Zimbabwe News (News Reader).
15. Web site: Local laws and customs - Zimbabwe travel advice. GOV.UK.
16. Book: Murray, Paul. Zimbabwe. March 25, 2013. Bradt Travel Guides. 9781841624600. Google Books.
17. Web site: Pictures and audio: Opening of Parliament. Tinotenda. Samukange. September 17, 2013.
18. Web site: Zimbabwe: Military Changes Fuel Fears of Internal Strife - allAfrica.com. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20190222120429/https://allafrica.com/stories/201902220289.html. 2019-02-22.
19. Web site: Zimbabwean Presidential Guard identified at Harare election shootings. 9 October 2018.
20. Web site: Wolseley in Zimbabwe | Military Sun Helmets. 24 April 2023.
21. Web site: ED retains colonial bling for Parly State opening. September 19, 2018.
22. Web site: Official opening of the First Session of the Eighth Parliament. herald.co.zw. 3 May 2018. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171117041820/http://www.herald.co.zw/official-opening-of-the-first-session-of-the-eighth-parliament/. 17 November 2017.
23. Web site: Presidential Guard member in soup. December 8, 2012.
24. Web site: Zimbabwe - Presidential Guard. fotw.info.
25. Web site: Army boss sidelined over audio. The. Independent. August 16, 2019. The Zimbabwe Independent.
26. Web site: Unsettled Mnangagwa reshuffles army chiefs. The. Independent. January 31, 2020. The Zimbabwe Independent.
27. Web site: Zimbabwean Presidential Guard identified at Harare election shootings. John. Stupart. October 9, 2018. African Defence Review.
28. Web site: Chairman Risch Statement on Anniversary of Zimbabwean Military Killing of Innocent Civilians | United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. www.foreign.senate.gov.
29. Web site: US sanctions Zimbabwean official over post-election killings. August 1, 2019. AP NEWS.
30. Web site: Zimbabwe: Advancing Accountability for Postelection Violence. Freedom House.
31. Web site: Gunshots fired at State House. November 22, 2019.
32. Web site: Presidential Guard Commander Suspended After State House Shooting. November 22, 2019. iHarare News.
33. Web site: Presidential guard soldier acquitted of stealing Mugabe's computers. January 3, 2019.
34. Web site: Second Presidential Guard soldier nabbed. December 18, 2017.
35. Web site: Bulawayo24 News - Skyes! \. Bulawayo24 News.
36. Web site: Three Senior Members Of The Presidential Guard Arrested With Musorowegomo Mukosi – ZimEye. 24 April 2023.