| Petro Talanchuk | |
| Office: | Minister of Education and Science of Ukraine |
| Term Start: | 1992 |
| Term End: | 1994 |
| Predecessor: | Ivan Zyazyun |
| Successor: | Mykhailo Zghurovskyi |
| Birth Date: | 1 July 1939 |
| Birth Place: | Horodyshche-Kosivske, Kyiv Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Native Name Lang: | uk |
Petro Mykhaylovych Talanchuk (uk|Петро Михайлович Таланчук; born 1 July 1939) is a Ukrainian political and public figure. He holds a Doctor of Technical Sciences. He was rector of the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute (1987 to 1992) and the First Minister of Education of Ukraine (1992 to 1994).[1]