Persecution of Kurds explained

The persecution of Kurds is the ethnic and political persecution which is inflicted upon Kurds by the governments of Iran, Syria, Turkey, and Iraq.

20th century

The newly declared Turkish Republic leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk repudiated the Treaty of Sèvres which proposed a referendum be conducted in the Kurdish homeland. As a result, conflict continued between the Turkish military and the Kurds. This conflict still exists today.

After the Dersim massacre, 40,000-70,000 civilians were killed by the Turkish Army and 11,818 people were exiled, depopulating the province.[1] Nuri Dersimi stated that many tribesmen were killed after surrendering, and women and children were locked into hay sheds which were then lit on fire.[2] 30,000 Kurds were massacred by the Turkish Army after the rebellion.[3]

The Zilan massacre killed about 15,000 Kurdish civilians and the Zilan River was full to the brim with dead bodies.[4] [5] [6] [7]

The Kuşkonar massacre killed 38 people, 13 in Koçağılı and 25 in Kuşkonar. Most of the victims were children, women or elderly, including seven babies. 13 people were injured.[8] Later the Turkish Armed Forces blamed the PKK and used the massacre as propaganda. The Turkish government refused to start investigating despite complaints of surviving villagers.[9]

The 3-year-long Anfal campaign Killed 50,000 to 100,000 non-combatant Kurdish civilians.[10] Kurdish officials claimed the figure could be as high as 182,000.[11] 1,754 schools, 270 hospitals, 2,450 mosques, and 90% of the Kurdish villages were destroyed.[12]

21st century

The 2021 Konya massacre was the killing of a Kurdish family in Turkey. 4 women and 3 men were killed as a result.[13] [14] According to an interview given by members of the family to Duvar, the attackers where close to the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) who did not want to permit Kurds to live in the neighborhood.[15]

The Roboski massacre was the killings of 40 Kurdish villagers on the night of December 28, 2011. They were coming from Iraq towards the Turkish border. They were mostly teenagers from the Encü family of Ortasu (in) in the Uludere district of Şırnak Province, Turkey. They were smuggling cigarettes, diesel fuel and other goods into Turkey, riding on mules.[16] [17] [18]

Later in 2020, Pro-Iran protesters torched Kurdish party offices in Baghdad.[19]

List

NameDateLocationDeaths
Diyarbakir massacre1925Diyarbakır15,200
Zilan massacre1930Van15,000[20]
Zini Rift Massacre1938Kılıçkaya95[21]
Muğlalı incident1943Özalp32[22]
Maraş massacre1978Marash3,000[23]
Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey1984–2009Turkish Kurdistan30,000[24]
August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq1986Iraqi Kurdistan165[25]
Anfal campaign1989Iraqi Kurdistan50,000-182,000
Murder of Zübeyir Akkoç1993Diyarbakır1[26]
Lice massacre1993Lice30[27]
Vartinis massacre1993Muş9[28]
1996Güçlükonak11
Kuşkonar and Koçağılı massacre1994Şırnak38[29]
26 July 1994 bombing of North Iraq1994Iraqi Kurdistan79
December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq2007Iraqi Kurdistan201
2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq2008Iraqi Kurdistan237
2011 Hakkâri attack2011Hakkâri72
August 2011 Turkey–Iraq cross-border raids2011167
Roboski massacre2011Uludere34[30]
September 2012 Beytüşşebap attack2012Beytüşşebap46
Triple murder of Kurdish activists in Paris2013Paris3[31]
Death of Berkin Elvan2014Okmeydanı1[32]
2015 police raids in Turkey2015Turkey1
Siege of Silvan (2015)2015Silvan12
2015 Hakkari assault2015Hakkâri119
Siege of Sur (2016)2015–2016Sur200
December 2015–February 2016 Cizre curfew2015–2016Cizre178
April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq201770
Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2018)2018Sinjar5
Murder of Deniz Poyraz2021Konak1[33]
2021 Konya massacre2021Meram7[34]
Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2021)2021Sinjar11
Zakho resort attack2022Zakho9[35]
2022 Paris shooting2022Paris3

Notes and References

  1. http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetay&ArticleID=965187&Date=19.11.2009&CategoryID=77 "Resmi raporlarda Dersim katliamı: 13 bin kişi öldürüldü"
  2. Web site: The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (1937-38) Page 4 . 2013-12-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130521155242/http://www.let.uu.nl/~Martin.vanBruinessen/personal/publications/Dersim_rebellion.pdf . 2013-05-21 . dead .
  3. Book: Gerlach . Christian . Christian Gerlach . The Extermination of the European Jews . 2016 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-88078-7 . en. But by far the bloodiest violence targeted Kurds during the Dersim uprising of 1937–38, when Turkish troops massacred about 30,000 people.. 401.
  4. Yusuf Mazhar, Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930, ... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15.000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...
  5. Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, p. 211, Karaköse, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ...
  6. [Ayşe Hür]
  7. Ayşe Hür, "Bu kaçıncı isyan, bu kaçıncı harekât?", Taraf, December 23, 2007, Retrieved August 16, 2010.
  8. The European Court of Human Rights. Case of Benzer and others v. Turkey. 24 March 2014. Mass execution of Kurdish villagers. 57. 29 December 2015.
  9. News: HÜLYA DİNÇER YAZDI: Hakikatin Gücü, Barışmanın İmkânı. 3 April 2016. Bianet - Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi.
  10. https://hrw.org/reports/1993/iraqanfal/ GENOCIDE IN IRAQ
  11. https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq501/events_anfal.html The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988 The Anfal Campaign
  12. Web site: List of the churches been demolished by Saddam Hussein's regime . Capiraq.org . 31 August 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170323235014/http://capiraq.org/en/News_Reports/Demolshed_Churches_Eng.pdf . 23 March 2017 . dead .
  13. Web site: 2 August 2021. Konya massacre: 'Turkey must confront racist hatred'. 2 August 2021. Bianet.
  14. Web site: 2 August 2021. Angriff auf kurdische Familie in Konya: Sieben Tote - UPDATE. 2021-08-02. Firat News Agency. de.
  15. Web site: 2021-12-07. Turkish ultranationalists attack Kurdish neighbors in Turkey's Konya. 2021-08-02. Gazete Duvar.
  16. News: Uludere'de Sağ Kurtulan Encü Anlattı . Aktif Haber . 2012-01-02 . tr . 2012-01-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120108083237/http://www.aktifhaber.com/uluderede-sag-kurtulan-encu-anlatti-540900h.htm . 2012-01-08 . dead .
  17. News: Questions grow over Uludere intel failure . . 2012-01-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234908/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/questions-grow-over-uludere-intel-failure.aspx?PageID=238&NID=10450&NewsCatID=338 . 2013-12-30 . live .
  18. News: 35 Tabuta Kilometrelerce Gözyaşı . Haberler . 2011-12-30 . tr . 2012-01-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120108105603/http://www.haberler.com/35-tabuta-kilometrelerce-gozyasi-3226767-haberi/ . 2012-01-08 . live .
  19. Web site: Pro-Iran protesters torch Kurd party offices in Baghdad.
  20. Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, pp. 207–208.
  21. Web site: Zini Gediği katliamına soruşturma . 2020-03-08 . www.demokrathaber.org . tr.
  22. Book: Aras, Ramazan . The Formation of Kurdishness in Turkey: Political Violence, Fear and Pain . 2013-11-12 . Routledge . 978-1-134-64871-9 . 65 . en.
  23. Book: David McDowall . A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition . I.B.Tauris . 2004 . 978-1-85043-416-0 . 415.
  24. Book: Jongerden, Joost . The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatial Policies, Modernity and War . 2007-05-28 . BRILL . 978-90-474-2011-8 . 82 . en.
  25. Web site: PKK'ya yönelik ilk hava harekatı böyle yapılmıştı. Türkiye ve Dünya Haberleri, Analizler, Yorumlar, Makaleler, Araştırma. Dosyaları. www.dunyabulteni.net/.
  26. Web site: Akkoç v. Turkey Judgement of October 10, 2000. https://web.archive.org/web/20080502170944/http://www.humanrights.is/the-human-rights-rpoject/humanrightscasesandmaterials/cases/regionalcases/europeancourtofhumanrights/nr/432. dead. May 2, 2008.
  27. Book: Ron . James . Weapons Transfers and Violations of the Laws of War in Turkey . Watch (Organization) . Human Rights . 1995 . Human Rights Watch . 9781564321619 . en.
  28. Web site: Turkish military guilty of killing family of 9, blamed on PKK fo . January 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160110162918/http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/turkey/09012016 . 10 January 2016 . dead.
  29. 24 March 2014 . The European Court of Human Rights . Case of Benzer and others v. Turkey . Mass execution of Kurdish villagers . 57 . 29 December 2015.
  30. News: 2012-01-02 . Uludere'de Sağ Kurtulan Encü Anlattı . tr . Aktif Haber . dead . 2012-01-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120108083237/http://www.aktifhaber.com/uluderede-sag-kurtulan-encu-anlatti-540900h.htm . 2012-01-08.
  31. News: 2013-01-11 . Les trois militantes kurdes ont été assassinées de plusieurs balles dans la tête . fr . Le Monde.fr . . 2021-03-13.
  32. News: 1 July 2014 . Çocuk mezarlığında yaşıyormuşuz . tr . Yeni Özgür Politika . 12 April 2020.
  33. Web site: Kepenek . Evrim . 18 June 2021 . Attack on HDP İzmir office: Party worker Deniz Poyraz killed . Bianet.
  34. Web site: 2 August 2021 . Angriff auf kurdische Familie in Konya: Sieben Tote - UPDATE . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210730182626/https://anfdeutsch.com/aktuelles/zweiter-angriff-auf-kurdische-familie-in-konya-sieben-tote-27563 . 2021-07-30 . 2021-08-02 . . de.
  35. Web site: AFP . Five Iraqis killed in shelling officials blame on Turkey . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220720140133/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/five-iraqis-killed-in-shelling-officials-blame-on-turkey/ . 2022-07-20 . 2022-07-20 . www.timesofisrael.com . en-US.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Persecution of Kurds".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2025, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.